• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 1984

To explore the regulatory roles of CNS on the renal function, clonidine, a specific presynaptic ${\alpha}-adrenoceptor$ agonist, was administered into a lateral ventricle of the brain (icv) and the changes of renal function were studies in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. $5{\mu}g/kg$ icv elicited no significant changes in renal function. However, $15{\mu}g/kg$ induced marked natriuresis and kaliuresis for 20 min. Neither RPF nor GFR changed significantly. The fractional sodium reabsorption was significantly reduced, indicating that the renal action was of the tubular origin. Changes of systemic blood pressure were not contributory to the renal action. Yohimbine, a specific antagonist for presynaptic ${\alpha}-adrenoceptor$, when given icv in doses of $100{\mu}g/kg$ 20 min prior to clonidine, completely abolished the renal action of icv clonidine. Yohimbine icv did not produce any significant changes in renal function. Intravenous clonidine, $15{\mu}g/kg$, elicited antidiuresis and decrement of renal function immediately after administration, followed by a slight tendency toward natriuresis, but no natriuresis corresponding to those seen after the icv clonidine were observed, indicating that in the renal action of icv clonidine no direct action is involved. These observations indicate that the central sympathetic tone plays a role in the regulation of renal function in the rabbit.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.555-563
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• 1998

The renal function is under regulatory influence of central nervous system (CNS), in which various neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems take part. However, a possible role of central GABA-benzodiazepine system on the central regulation of renal function has not been explored. This study was undertaken to delineate the renal effects of diazepam. Diazepam, a benzodiazepine agonist, administered into a lateral ventricle (icv) of the rabbit brain in doses ranging from 10 to 100 ${\mu}g/kg,$ elicited dose-related diuresis and natriuresis along with improved renal hemodynamics. However, when given intravenously, 100 ${\mu}g/kg$ diazepam did not produce any significant changes in all parameters of renal function and systemic blood pressure. Diazepam, 100 ${\mu}g/kg$ icv, transiently decreased the renal nerve activity (RNA), which recovered after 3 min. The plasma level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increased 7-fold, the peak coinciding with the natriuresis and diuresis. Muscimol, a GABAergic agonist, 1.0 ${\mu}g/kg$ given icv, elicited marked antidiuresis and antinatriuresis, accompanied by decreases in systemic blood pressure and renal hemodynamics. When icv 0.3 ${\mu}g/kg$ muscimol was given 3 min prior to 30 ${\mu}g/kg$ of diazepam icv, urinary flow and Na excretion rates did not change significantly, while systemic hypotension was produced. These results indicate that icv diazepam may bring about natriuresis and diuresis by influencing the central regulation of renal function, and that the renal effects are related to the increased plasma ANP levels, not to the decreased renal nerve activity, and suggest that the effects may not be mediated by the activation of central GABAergic system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

Purpose : This study investigates the effectiveness of digital therapy for stroke patients in Korea. Methods : A comprehensive database search was performed using KCI, Science on, e-article, RISS, KISS and Korea OpenMed databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied the effects of digital therapy on patients who had a stroke. This study includes RCTs published from January 2000 to July 15, 2022, which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total 697 studies were screened and 30 studies were included in the final analysis. Methodological quality was assessed with the Cochrane's RoB (risk of bias) tool. Meta-analysis was performed using CMA 4.0 software. Results : A total of 56 effect sizes were calculated from the 30 selected studies. As a result of the analysis, the overall effect size of digital therapy was .59 (95 % CI=.43-.74). When classified according to type of intervention, VR (virtual reality) (g=.58, 95 % CI=.40-.75), and CACR (computer assisted cognitive rehabilitation) (g=.62, 95 % CI=.30-.95) were statistically significant. VR showed medium to large effect sizes in cognitive function (g=.78, 95 % CI=.20-1.37), psychosocial function (g=.63, 95 % CI=.20-1.07), and physical function (g=.61, 95 % CI=.38-.83). In the CACR, there was a large effect size in cognitive function (g=.84, 95 % CI=.52-1.15), but there was no significant difference in psychosocial function. Also, there was no significant difference between the two interventions in activities of daily living and no significant difference in the effect size of both interventions according to the intervention session. Furthermore, medium to large effect sizes were found for subacute and chronic stroke patients according to the duration of disease. Conclusion : This study presents evidence that digital therapy has a positive effect on various functions of stroke patients in Korea. The researchers expect to actively accept the new paradigm of digital therapy and continue to apply digital therapy in clinical practice.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.1489-1493
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• 2015

For a subset $E{\subseteq}\mathbb{R}^d$ and $x{\in}\mathbb{R}^d$, the local Hausdorff dimension function of E at x and the local packing dimension function of E at x are defined by $$dim_{H,loc}(x,E)=\lim_{r{\searrow}0}dim_H(E{\cap}B(x,r))$$, $$dim_{P,loc}(x,E)=\lim_{r{\searrow}0}dim_P(E{\cap}B(x,r))$$, where $dim_H$ and $dim_P$ denote the Hausdorff dimension and the packing dimension, respectively. In this note we give a short and simple proof showing that for any pair of continuous functions $f,g:\mathbb{R}^d{\rightarrow}[0,d]$ with $f{\leq}g$, it is possible to choose a set E that simultaneously has f as its local Hausdorff dimension function and g as its local packing dimension function.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.673-689
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• 2009

We analyze $MAP_1,\;MAP_2$/G/1 finite queues with service scheduling function dependent upon queue lengths. The customers are classified into two types. The arrivals of customers are assumed to be the Markovian Arrival Processes (MAPs). The service order of customers in each buffer is determined by a service scheduling function dependent upon queue lengths. Methods of embedded Markov chain and supplementary variable give us information for queue length of two buffers. Finally, the performance measures such as loss probability and mean waiting time are derived. Some numerical examples also are given with applications in telecommunication networks.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.153-163
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• 1992

Carlitz module is used to study abelian extensions of K=$F_{q}$(T). In number theory every abelian etension of Q is contained in a cyclotomic field. Similarly every abelian extension of $F_{q}$(T) with some condition on .inf. is contained in a cyclotomic function field. Hence the study of cyclotomic function fields in analogy with cyclotomic fields is an important subject in number theory. Much are known in this direction such as ring of integers, class groups and units ([G], [G-R]). In this article we are concerned with the ring of integers in a cyclotomic function field. In [G], it is shown that the ring of integers is generated by a primitive root of the Carlitz module using the ramification theory and localization. Here we will give another proof, which is rather elementary and explicit, of this fact following the methods in [W].[W].

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2009

Let F be a finite real abelian extension of a global function field k with G = Gal(F/k). Assume that F is an extension field of the Hilbert class field $K_e$ of k and is contained in a cyclotomic function field $K_n$. Let $\ell$ be any prime number not dividing $ph_k{\mid}G{\mid}$. In this paper, we show that if $\theta{\in}\mathbb{Z}[G]$ annihilates the Sylow $\ell$-subgroup of ${\mathcal{O}}^{\times}_F/{\mathcal{C}}_F$, then (q-1)$\theta$ annihilates the Sylow $\ell$-subgroup of ${\mathcal{Cl}}_F$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.665-673
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• 1999

This study was performed in order to investigate the effect of ketanserin, a specific antagonist of 5-HT2 receptor, on renal function in dogs. Ketanserin (50.0 and $150.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/kg$), when given intravenously, produced antidiuretic action accompanied with the decreased amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine (ENa, EK) and the increased reabsorption rates of sodium and potassium in renal tubules (RNa, RK). Ketanserin (50.0 and $50.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/kg$), when administered into a renal artery, elicited antidiuretic action in both experimental and control kidney, this time changes of renal function showed the same aspect as when given intravenously. Ketanserin (15.0 and $50.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/kg$) injected into the carotid artery exhibited also antidiuretic action and this antidiuretic action was not affected by renal denervation. Above results suggest that ketanserin elicits antidiuretic through central function, this central antidiuretic action is not mediated by renal nerves.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.285-295
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• 2024

In this work, we consider the function $${\Psi}(z)=\frac{z}{\ln(1+z)}=1+\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}\,G_nz^n$$ whose coefficients G_n are the Gregory coefficients related to Stirling numbers of the first kind and introduce a new subclass ${\mathcal{G}}^{{\lambda},{\mu}}_{\Sigma}(\Psi)$ of analytic bi-univalent functions subordinate to the function Ψ. For functions belong to this class, we investigate the estimates for the general Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients by using the Faber polynomial expansions. In certain cases, our estimates improve some of those existing coefficient bounds.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2016

The Clausen function $Cl_2$(x) arises in several applications. A large number of indefinite integrals of logarithmic or trigonometric functions can be expressed in closed form in terms of $Cl_2$(x). Very recently, Choi and Srivatava [3] and Choi [1] investigated certain integral formulas associated with $Cl_2$(x). In this sequel, we present an interesting new definite integral formula for the Clausen function $Cl_2$(x) by using a known relationship between the Clausen function $Cl_2$(x) and the generalized Zeta function ${\zeta}$(s, a). Also an interesting integral representation for the Catalan constant G is considered as one of two special cases of our main result.