• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was conducted to find treatment of forward head posture and shoulder instability with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept. Methods : This is literature study with books, seminar note and international course. Results : Forward head posture and shoulder instability has related each other. Forward head posture will make muscle instability, weakness and stiffness on neck and shoulder girdle. It will make pain also. Important muscle are suboccipital muscles, omohyoid muscle, sternoclaidomastoid muscle, scaleni, pectoralis minor, levator scapular and digastric. Conclusion : Treatment of the forward head posture and shoulder instability is provided. It is that treatment of stiff muscle with eccentric muscle work, muscle elongation, muscle strengthening at the structure level and at the functional level for daily activities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.355-358
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• 2005

This study aims at comparing the noise characteristics of conventional and functional hood. Measurement and analysis was carried out in anechoic room and actual environment. In case of anechoic room, intensity and sound pressure level were measured. In case of actual environment sound pressure level under different apartment size and distances. Sound pressure level of actual environment was higher than that of anechoic room. It is concluded that noise characteristics were different from each other in case of anechoic room and actual environment.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.105-114
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the diverse constructive characteristics which significantly affects performance besides materials information provided to consumers on functional clothes. Outdoor jackets can classified them according to their performance level. In order to provide consumers with necessary information to choose functional outdoor jackets, 12 brands selling domestic outdoor jackets were investigated and the conclusion of this study was as follows; It was found that fit degree, backpack weight, arm-raise, and number of pockets vary differently depending on performance level of outdoor jacket. Considerable constructive difference was found between high performance jacket mainly worn by professional climbers in extreme environment and jacket that can be worn in daily life. It is found that different characteristic is related not only to each diverse & complex constructive aspect, but also to ability to stretch, resistance to water, venting system of materials depending on performance level of outdoor jacket.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2011

KHNP (Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co.) defines and manages equipment of Nuclear Power Plants systematically with functional importance determination of each equipment for efficient maintenance and optimal preventive maintenance. But the existing functional importance determinations have some different results between the plants, systems and engineers due to gap of understanding of classification criteria because they have been done in terms of equipment level rather than function level. so that caused the repeated work. To make up for this problem improve methodology of functional importance determination using MR (Maintenance Rule) and do classification of equipment for new nuclear power plants based on function level. In addition, methodical documentation for basis of importance determination is done to help that system engineers can easily understand and use.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.327-358
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• 2013

This study aimed to analyze the trajectories of cognitive function and functional disability, and to identify the impacts of socio-demographic factors on the two variables. Based on the assumption that there are differences according to the progress of cognitive impairment, it focused on examining the differences in trajectories of cognitive function and functional disability between two groups: dementia conversion group and dementia non-conversion group among cognitively normal older adults. This study was conducted based on the data from a 3-wave panel study of a sample of 966 Yeoncheon elderly cohort aged 65 and over between 1997 and 2003. Latent growth curve model and multi-group structural equation modeling were used to examine the hypothesis. Results revealed that dementia conversion group exhibited faster rate of cognitive decline as well as lower initial cognitive level. Difference between two groups was not significant in the initial level of functional disability, yet dementia conversion group showed greater degree of deterioration in the functional disability over time than dementia non-conversion group did. In terms of the influence of socio-demographic factors on cognitive function and functional disability, the cognitive decline was more drastic in the female group, whereas functional decline was more apparent for the male group. The level of education in early life had a strong impact on the cognitive function in later life. Based on these findings, practical implication for high risk groups in cognitive function and functional disability were discussed.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2014

The IEC 61508 standard was established to specify the functional safety of E/E/PE safety-related systems. Safety life cycle to provide the framework and direction for the application of IEC 61508 is included in this standard. In this paper, we describe overviews, objects, scopes, requirements and activities of each phase in safety life cycle. In addition, we introduce safety integrity level(SIL) which is used for verifying the safety integrity requirements of E/E/PE system and perform a case study to estimate hardware SIL by FMEDA. The SIL is evaluated by two criteria. One of them is the architectural constraints which restrict the maximum SIL by combination of SFF and HFT. The other is the probability of failure which is classified into PFD and PFH based on frequency of demand and calculated by safe or dangerous failure rates.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.419-428
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• 2009

We show the existence of at least one nontrivial solution of the homogeneous mixed type nonlinear elliptic problem. Here mixed type nonlinearity means that the nonlinear part contain the jumping nonlinearity and the critical growth nonlinearity. We first investigate the sub-level sets of the corresponding functional in the Soboles space and the linking inequalities of the functional on the sub-level sets. We next investigate that the functional I satisfies the mountain pass geometry in the critical point theory. We obtain the result by the mountain pass method, the critical point theory and variational method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.807-821
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• 1996

In this paper, we proposed a nonlinear hierarchical mtion estimation method. Generally, the conventional hierarchical motion estimation methods have been proposed for fast convergence and detection of large motions. But they have a common drawback that large error in motion estimation is propapated across motion discontinuities. This artifiact is due to the constriaint of motion continuity and the linear interpolation of motion vectors between hierarchical levels. In this paper, we propose an effective hierarchical motion estimation mechod that is robust to motion discontinuities. The proposed algorithm is based on the decomposition of the functional domain for optimizing the intra-level motion estimation functional. Also, we propose an inter-level nonlinear motion estimation equation rather than using the conventional linearprojection scheme of motion field. computer simulations with several test sequences show tht the proposed algorithm performs better than several conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.121-124
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• 2001

This paper proposed resource allocation algorithm for the minimum switching activity of functional unit in high level synthesis process as like DSP which is circuit to give many functional unit. The resource allocation method after scheduling use the power function calculating average hamming distance and switching activity of the between two input. First of all, the switching activity is calculated by the input value after calculating the average hamming distance between operation. In this paper, the proposed method though high If level simulation find switching activity in circuit each functional unit exchange for binary sequence length and value bit are logic one value. To use the switching activity find the allocation with minimal power consumption, the proposed method visits all control steps one by one and determines the allocation with minimal power consumption at each control step. As the existing method, the execution time can be fast according to use the number of operator and max control step. And it is the reduction effect from 6% to 8%.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

We investigate the doublet and quartet potential energy surfaces associated with the gas-phase reaction between $Ti^+$ and $CF_3COCH_3$ for two plausible reaction pathways, $TiF_2^+$ and $TiO^+$ formation pathways by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The molecular structures of intermediates and transition states involved in these reaction pathways are optimized at the DFT level by using the PBE0 functional. All transition states are identified by using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) method, and the resulting reaction coordinates describe how $Ti^+$ activates $CF_3COCH_3$ and produces $TiF_2^+$ and $TiO^+$ as products. On the basis of presented results, we propose the most favorable reaction pathway in the reaction between $Ti^+$ and $CF_3COCH_3$.