• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.306-313
• /
• 2020

To investigate the reinforcing effects of functional fillers in nitrile rubber (NBR) materials, high-structure carbon black (HS45), coated calcium carbonate (C-CaCO3), silica (200MP), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as functional filler, and carbon black (SRF) as a common filler were used for oil-resistant rubber. The curing and mechanical properties of HS45-, 200MP-, and MWCNT-filled NBR compounds were improved compared to those of the SRF-filled NBR compound. The reinforcing effect also increased with a decrease in the particle size of the fillers. The C-CaCO3-filled NBR compound exhibited no reinforcing effect with increasing filler concentration because of their large primary particle size (2 ㎛). The reinforcing behavior based on 100% modulus of the functional filler based NBR compounds was compared by using several predictive equation models. The reinforcing behavior of the C-CaCO3-filled NBR compound was in accordance with the Smallwood-Einstein equation whereas the 200MP- and MWCNT-filled NBR compounds fitted well with the modified Guth-Gold (m-Guth-Gold) equation. The SRF- and HS45-filled NBR compounds exhibited reinforcing behavior in accordance with the Guth-Gold and m-Guth-Gold equations, respectively, at a low filler content. However, the values of reinforcement parameter (100Mf/100Mu) of the SRF- and HS45-filled NBR compounds were higher than those determined by the predictive equation model at a high filler content. Because the chains of SRF composed of spherical filler particles are similarly changed to rod-like filler particles embedded in a rubber matrix and the reinforcement parameter rapidly increased with a high content of HS45, the higher-structured filler. The reinforcing effectiveness of the functional fillers was numerically evaluated on the basis of the effectiveness index (��SRF/��f) determined by the ratio of the volume fraction of the functional filler (��f) to that of the SRF filler (��SRF) at three unit of reinforcing parameter (100Mf/100Mu). On the basis of their effectiveness index, MWCNT-, 200MP-, and HS45-filled compounds showed higher reinforcing effectiveness of 420%, 70%, and 20% than that of SRF-filled compound, respectively whereas C-CaCO3-filled compound exhibited lower reinforcing effectiveness of -50% than that of SRF-filled compound.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2014

The applicability of oil palm EFB(Empty Fiber Bunch) to the papermaking process as a functional organic filler was investigated in this study. Since the EFB has similar chemical composition to the lignocellulose materials such as wood fiber, the fines of EFB was applied to the handsheet paper as an alternative to wood powder which were used as an organic filler to improve water removal efficiency and bulk. The experiments showed that the EFB fines resulted in the higher water removal efficiency at the wet pressing process and leaded to the higher bulk than those of wood powder. In case of 10 % addition of organic filler, the strength properties were not significantly changed. Those results suggested that the EFB could be used as a new organic filler for improving water removal efficiency and bulk property.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.55-71
• /
• 2001

One of the controversial issues in English locative inversion (LI) construction( e. g. Under the tree sat a woman) has been the functional status of preverbal PP and postverbal NP, i.e. whether they are a subject, a complement, or filer (topic) Based on the distributional parallelisms between the PP and NP on the one hand and an ordinary subject and filler on the other this paper proposes that the PP has a dual function as a subject and filler, while the NP also has some subject properties that the PP does not have These mixed functional properties are analyzed in the theory of HPSG expecially with the versions recently developed by Sag(1997) Manning and Sag(1999) and Ginzburg and Sag(to appear). This analysis claims that the LI construction needs to satisfy two general, independent constraints head-subject- phrase and head-filler-phrase. This position suggests that the English LI construction is an instance of the peripheral phenomena whose construction specific constraint is inherited from more general core constraints. (Dongseo University)

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.121-133
• /
• 2014

Polymer nanocomposites are advanced nanomaterials which exhibit dramatic improvements in various mechanical, thermal and barrier properties as compared with the neat polymer. Polystyrene/ alumina nanocomposites were prepared by an ultrasound-assisted solution casting method at filler loadings ranging from 0.2 to 2% and also at different ultrasonic frequencies, viz. 58 kHz, 192/58 kHz, 430 kHz, 470 kHz and 1 MHz. The composites were subjected to mechanical property tests (tensile and impact tests) and cavitation erosion tests to study the enhancement in functional properties. Filler dispersion in the polymer matrix was observed by SEM analysis. The effect of frequency on filler dispersion in the matrix was studied by SEM analysis and functional property enhancement of the composite material. The composites prepared at dual (high/ low) frequency (192/58 kHz) were found to show better property enhancement at low filler loadings as compared with neat polymer and also with composites prepared without ultrasound, thus reinforcing the finding that ultrasound-assisted synthesis is a promising method for the synthesis of nanocomposites.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2014

The application of conifer leave to the papermaking process as a functional organic filler was investigated in this study. The powder of the conifer leave after hot water extraction for the functional extract, such as phytoncide, was applied to OCC stock. The comparison between the commercial wood flour and the conifer leave powder as organic filler for OCC paper were conducted with various wet pressing conditions. The amount of the water removal by the wet pressing process and the bulk of handsheet were increased by the addition of the wood flour and the conifer leave powder, although the tensile strength was decreased. At the higher pressure condition of the wet pressing, the wet pressing efficiency was greatly increased by the wood flour and the conifer leave powder. There was a little difference in the performance of the wood flour and the conifer leave powder as an organic filler. Those results showed the conifer leave powder could be an alternative resource to the wood powder for papermaking organic filler.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 재활용이 가능하며 열가소성 특성을 지닌 신규 고분자 수지를 개발하고 합성하였다. 이렇게 개발된 수지와 판상형 질화붕소(h-BN) 사이의 계면 친화성이 좋음을 계산과학을 통하여 확인하고 열압기(hot press)를 이용하여 복합소재를 제조하였다. 고분자 수지와 필러 사이의 계면 친화성과 함께 복합소재 제조시 발생되는 전단력(shear force) 만으로도 매우 높은 필러 정렬도를 지닌 복합소재를 제조할 수 있었고, 이러한 이유로 복합소재는 최대 13.8 W/mK의 높은 열전도도를 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 개발된 수지가 화학적으로 분해 가능한 장점을 이용하여 제조된 복합소재로부터 물리/화학적 변성 없이 필러를 회수할 수 있었고 이렇게 회수된 필러는 향후 다양한 신규 복합소재 제조에 재활용이 가능하다.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.201-208
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 충전된 고무재료의 온도 변화에 대한 치수 안정성을 고찰하기 위해 카본블랙 또는 실리카가 충전된 NR과 SBR의 열변화시 발생하는 수축력과 팽창력을 측정하였다. 일정 길이로 인장된 시편의 온도를 올렸을 때 고무사슬의 엔트로피적 변화에 의해 수축력이 발생하였다. 카본블랙이나 실리카가 첨가된 NR의 경우 충전제 함량이 증가함에 따라 최대 열수축력 값이 감소하였으나, SBR의 경우는 30 phr 함량에서 미충전 고무보다 높은 열수축력 값을 보였다. 압축된 시편의 열팽창력 측정의 경우, 카본블랙을 첨가한 NR의 열팽창력은 거의 변화가 없었으나, SBR은 카본블랙 양의 증가와 함께 최대 팽창력 값이 증가하였다. 실리카를 첨가했을 경우 NR, SBR시편 모두 첨가량이 증가할수록 최대 열팽창력 값이 증가하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2023

Integrating dielectric materials into LTCC is a convenient method to increase the integration density in electronic circuits. To enable co-firing of the high-k and low-k dielectric LTCC materials in a multi-material hetero-laminate, the shrinkage characteristics of both materials should be similar. Moreover, thermal expansion mismatch between materials during co-firing should be minimized. The alternating stacking of an LTCC with silica filler and that with calcium-zirconate filler was observed to examine the use of the same glass in different LTCCs to minimize the difference in shrinkage and thermal expansion coefficient. For the LTCC of silica filler with a low dielectric constant and that of calcium zirconate filler with a high dielectric constant, the amount of shrinkage was examined through a thermomechanical analysis, and the predicted appropriate fraction of each filler was applied to green sheets by tape casting. The green sheets of different fillers were alternatingly laminated to the thickness of 500 ㎛. As a result of examining the junction, it was observed through SEM that a complete bonding was achieved by constrained sintering in the structure of 'calcium zirconate 50 vol%-silica 30 vol%-calcium zirconate 50 vol%'.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.306-313
• /
• 2005

Surface modified nanofillers are often used as curative-cum reinforcing agents for functional polymers. The polymer nanofiller interaction depends on the curative systems used. In the present study the carboxylic group of the carboxylated nitrile elastomer participated in the reaction with Zn-ion coated nanosilica filler producing a type of ionomeric elastomer. The interaction at the molecular level thus produced a high modulus vulcanizate. In this case, the S and MBT system, as curative, had an edge over the MDA and DPG curative system. Interfacial adhesion was enhanced in the presence of Zn-ion-coated nanosilica filler associated with dynamic mechanical behavior. The inferior properties obtained in the case of the MDA and DPG curative system were due to the decreased reactivity of the silica surface, thus reducing interfacial adhesion.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2023

복합재료 제작 기술은 저비용, 유연성 그리고 용이한 가공성 등을 그대로 유지하면서 필러(filler)의 특성을 부여하는 방법을 지향하고 있으며 다양한 기능성 복합재료 개발로 이루어지고 있다. 기능성 복합재 구현과 관련하여 그래핀(Graphene)을 필러로 사용하는 복합재료의 고성능화 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기능성 물성치 향상을 위해 많이 사용되는 그래핀을 이용하여 물리 화학적 물성치를 고찰하였다. 대표적 filler인 graphane nanoplatelet(GNP)을 사용하여 그래핀 옥사이드(graphene oxide, GO)를 제조하였고 그래핀 옥사이드(GO) 를 환원시켜 reduced graphene oxide(R-GO)를 형성하였다. 각기 제조된 GO와 R-GO의 물성치를 분석하였고 이를 GNP 분석결과와 비교하여 제조된 방법의 신뢰성을 검토하였다. Raman 분광법에 의한 분석 결과 R-GO의 경우 GO에 비해 D-peak와 G-peak의 강도의 감소를 확인할 수 있었고 ID/IG의 비를 통해 0.08의 증가 값을 볼 수 있었다. FTIR을 이용한 GNP, GO 및 R-GO의 작용기 분석 결과 C-C, C=C의 반복되는 연결 구조를 가진 GNP와는 다르게 GO 및 R-GO의 경우 명확한 peak를 통해 C-O 결합, C=C 결합, C=O 결합 및 O-H 결합을 확인할 수 있었다. X-ray 회절 분석 결과 GNP는 (002) 평면 특성의 25.86°에서 넓은 회절의 peak를 보인 반면 GO와 R-GO는 (001), (100) 평면에 해당하는 peak를 볼 수 있었고 GO의 층간거리는 GNP에 비해 약 2.6배 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.