• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2024

Masseter are commonly botulinum neurotoxin targeted muscle for facial contouring in aesthetic field. However, paradoxical masseteric bulging is common adverse effect that has not been discussed with ultrasonographic observations. Retrospective study has been conducted from October, 2021 to January, 2023, out of 324 patients have done blinded botulinum neurotoxin injection in the masseter at the middle and lower portion of the masseter with each side of 25 units (letibotulinum neurotoxin type A), 3 patients demonstrated paradoxical masseteric bulging has been reported and the image observed by ultrasonography by physician. Based on the observations made, we can infer that the function of the moving muscle involves twisting of the muscle fibers during contraction, along with the twisting of the deep inferior tendon, which causes the muscle to be divided into anterior and posterior compartments rather than into superficial and deep compartments of masseter. In ultrasonographic observe the skin surface of a patient with paradoxical masseteric bulging, it is observable that either the anterior or posterior part contracts significantly. The functional units of anterior and posterior compartment are observable as muscular contraction of inward movement of the muscle from either the anterior or posterior functional unit.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2022

In the automobile industry, lamps are frequently used as a mean to emphasize each company's brand identity. Therefore, many detailed design models have emerged in order to realize a differentiated image in preparation for competitive vehicles. Among them, the design of a multi compartment lighting image concept that realizes light divided in multiple space also being introduced by various manufacturers. In this study, in order to solve the problem of cost and weight rise that the existing multi compartment image lamp has, using TRIZ method such as functional analysis modeling and trimming. Through this process, an idea to minimize cost and weight was derived. As the idea was designed in detail, the formation of light did not go as desired, and the diffusion of light also proceeded differently than intended. In order to overcome this problem, a new concept of corrosion and diffusion structure was applied. Eventually, it overcomes various problems and successfully applied it to a real vehicle. The idea was actually reflected in the "Santa Fe" model. Later, the media focused on the lamps to which the idea was applied, and contributed to the sale of a large number of vehicles by providing consumers with a new light sensibility. During the research process, it was possible to secure a number of patents and knowledge of new design concepts.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 2019

Acute compartment syndrome, which is an orthopedic emergency, induces irreversible tissue necrosis by increasing the compartment pressure. In serious cases, this event may result in functional impairment, loss of the lower limb, and death by renal failure. When the patient initially presents with pain and swelling that are similar to deep vein thrombosis, a differential diagnosis between the two diseases is very critical. The authors encountered a case of acute compartment syndrome after anticoagulant therapy in a patient presenting with painful swelling of the left leg following a massage that was initially misdiagnosed as deep vein thrombosis. A fasciotomy was performed on this case with satisfactory results. This paper reports this case with a review of the relevant literature.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1995

The authors present 15 cases in which the diagnosis of thyroid cancer was established pathologically among 300 cases of Graves' disease diagnosed clinically at Chosun University Hospital, from January 1982 to December 1994. These cases were analyzed in order to establish guidelines for prophylactic node dissection as part of the initial management of thyroid cancer in patients with Graves' disease. The analysis revealed the following: 1) The average age of the 15 patients was 34.5 years and the male: female ratio was 1 : 4.0. 2) In 8 of the 15 cases(53.5 %) the occult thyroid carcinoma measured less than 1.5cm. 3) The degree of invasivensess manifested in these fifteen cases may be summarized as follows: In Group 1(6 cases) there was absence of microscopic capsular invasion and of lymphnode metastasis. In Group 11(4 cases) threre was microscopic capsular invasion but absence of lymphnode metastasis: In Group III(4 cases) there was either extrathyrodal soft tissue invasion or regional lymph node metastasis: and in Group IV(1 case) there was lymphnode invasion and distant metastasis. 4) Thirteen patients underwent either subtotal or near total thyroidectomy, and 2 patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Seven patients underwent some type of neck dissection, as follows: anterior compartment dissection in one of the cases in Group I; functional neck dissection in two cases and jugular node dissection in one case in Group II; and anterior compartment dissection in one case and modified radical neck dissection in two cases in Group III. 5) The author propose the following guidelines for prophylactic initial node dissection when a unexpected coexisting thyroid carcinoma in encountered on the frozen section during the surgical management of Graves' disease; Group I cases do not require initial neck dissection in group II, anterior compartment dissection in sufficient. In Group III, either jugular node dissection or functional neck dissection should be performed, and followed by postoperative Ra$^{131}$I therapy, Group IV requires Ra$^{131}$I therapy with or without modified radical neck dissection depending in the patient's condition.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.907-912
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• 2009

Complex breakup behavior in the revival wave has been observed in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ) reaction system containing 1,4-cyclohexanedione (1,4-CHD) in the dish divided into two compartments with a sliding window. A same reaction mixture is poured into the two compartments individually with time difference. Wave propagation exhibited different behavior in the revival wave of the reaction system. This was largely dependent on the progress time prior to the pouring into each compartment and on the gap between the times of pouring into the two compartments. The revival wave in the reaction system is induced spontaneously as a new wave train with a long time lag after the disappearance of the initially induced wave. A thoroughgoing study of the chaotic breakup of propagating chemical wave train was to be possible since the revival wave has a longer wavelength, clearer wave-train patterns, and longer duration period.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2022

We describe a case of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOt) as an adjunct to treatment of a crush injury to the hand. A 34-year-old male paramedic was involved in a motor vehicle accident and admitted for diagnosis and surgical treatment. He sustained a crush injury to his right hand and presented with significant muscle damage, including multiple fractures and dislocations, an avulsion injury of the flexor tendons, and amputation of the distal phalanx of the little finger. He underwent reconstructive surgery and received HBOt over the following days. In the following 2 months, he lost the distal and middle phalanges of the little finger and recovered hand function. Posttraumatic compartment syndrome responds well to HBOt, which reduces edema and contributes to angiogenesis, as well as promoting the cascade of healing events. High-energy trauma causes massive cell destruction, and the blood supply is usually not sufficient to meet the oxygen demands of viable tissues. Hyperbaric oxygenation by diffusion through interstitial and cellular fluids increases tissue oxygenation to levels sufficient for the host's responses to injury to work and helps control the delayed inflammatory reaction. HBOt used as an adjunct to surgical treatment resulted in early healing and rehabilitation, accelerating functional recovery. The results suggest that adjunctive HBOt can be beneficial for the treatment of crush injuries of the hand, resulting in better functional outcomes and helping to avoid unnecessary amputations.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.418-425
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to introduce the ultrasound-guided transmeniscal injection in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and analyze the clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: The electronic medical records of 36 patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis who were treated with an ultrasound-guided transmeniscal injection from March 2019 to July 2019 were accessed for this retrospective review. Using an ultrasound guided spinal needle, the patients received an intra-articular steroid injection at the medial compartment of the knee. A physical examination was conducted at the initial visit (pre-injection), and at one week, four weeks, and eight weeks after the injection. The numeric pain rating scale (NRS), Lequesne index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) score were measured at each visit and analyzed over time. The percentage change of the patients who revealed substantial improvement was analyzed. The NRS, Lequesne index, and percentage of patients, who revealed substantial improvement over time classified by osteoarthritis grade, were analyzed. Results: The NRS and Lequesne index decreased at one week, four weeks, and eight weeks after the injection compared to the initial baseline, and the pain-relief effect continued without change until eight weeks. The percentage of patients who showed substantial improvement at one, four, and eight weeks was 50.0%, 47.2%, and 52.8%, respectively. The WOMAC scores decreased at one, four, and eight weeks compared to the initial baseline, and the decrease was continued without any difference until eight weeks. The percentage of patients with osteoarthritis stage 1 or 2 who revealed more than substantial improvement was significantly higher at one, four, and eight weeks than those with osteoarthritis stages 3 or 4 (p<0.05). Conclusion: In patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis, the pain reduction and functional improvement persisted for at least eight weeks after the ultrasound-guided transmeniscal injection at the medial compartment. In particular, patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis stage 1 or 2 showed more effective pain reduction.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.308-312
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• 2019

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a well-known super engineering plastic with a high melting temperature (above 290℃). It is generally insoluble under regular conditions. Therefore, it can be used for replacing metallic materials. Many researchers are looking at the possibility of replacing aluminum in the engine compartment of an automobile. However, studies on PPS are not common as compared to conventional engineering plastics because only a few companies produce super engineering plastics. In this research, the material properties of PPS composites containing two different kinds of glass fibers and produced under different processing temperatures were investigated. The tensile strength of the PPS composites increased as the processing temperature increased. Although glass fibers with similar aspect ratios were compounded under the same processing condition, one of them yielded a higher mechanical strength.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

Purpose: The free flap has been widely used as one stage reconstructive procedure the skin and soft tissue defect. The secondary adjuvant operations are often needed for better results as functional and aesthetic compartment. Therefore, we focus on the secondary adjuvant surgeries for better outcome after free flaps. Methods: One hundred ninety six consecutive patients underwent free flaps between January, 2002 and February 2009. The cases constituted ninety two male patients and one hundred four female patients. For the patients who got free flap operation, we investigated secondary adjuvant operations what type of procedures was applied according to the reconstructed sites. All clinical data were based on the patient's medical records. Results: Of one hundred ninety six patients in whom free flap was performed, a total of eighty two patients(41.8%) received the secondary adjuvant operation. Because of many patients got multiple secondary adjuvant operations, the number of the secondary adjuvant operation become one hundred fifty five cases. The most common used procedure is a liposuction, and the second one is a lipoinjection. Conclusion: As the secondary adjuvant operation like a liposuction, lipoinjection, etc., satisfaction for operative result was increased in the aspects of function and aesthetics. So the secondary adjuvant operation in free flap surgeries contributed in raising the patient's quality of life.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1011-1018
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• 2018

The analysis of extracellular vesicles has been accelerated because of the technological advancements in omics methods in recent decades. Extracellular vesicles provide multifaceted information regarding the functional status of the cells. This information would be critical in case of central nervous system cells, which are confined in a relatively sealed biological compartment. This obstacle is more dramatic in psychiatric disorders since their diagnosis primarily depend on the symptoms and signs of the patients. In this paper, we reviewed this rapidly advancing field by discussing definition of extracellular vesicles, their biogenesis and potential use as clinical biomarkers. Then we focused on their potential use in psychiatric disorders in the context of diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Finally, we tried to combine the RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) with the use of extracellular vesicles in psychiatry research and practice. This review may offer new insights in both basic and translational research focusing on psychiatric disorders.