• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 2018

The fully autonomous vehicle, which has been actively studied in a worldwide before commercialization, is expected to become a living space by securing time and space compared to existing automobile. For this reason, interior design of fully autonomous vehicle has become very important. To enhance passenger's experience and satisfaction in fully autonomous vehicle, it is necessary to design an optimized space that can support in-vehicle activities. For this purpose, efforts to analyze the passenger's in-vehicle activities should be preceded. However, there were limited studies that define space and in-Vehicle activities of fully autonomous vehicle in Korea. The purpose of this study is to suggest the guideline of the interior design of fully autonomous vehicle by analyzing and classifying the scope of activities that the passenger can perform within the vehicle. As a method of the study, literature studies on future concept cars, human lifetime behavior and consumer needs had been conducted. As a result in-vehicle activities could be applied in a fully autonomous vehicle. Four in-vehicle activities 'work', 'home life and personal care', 'relaxation' and 'conversation and hobby' had been derived through the analysis of in-vehicle activities. Based on the results, the interior design of fully autonomous vehicle guideline has been suggested. The study is significant because the result of the study can act as a basic study which considers the activities in the fully autonomous vehicle environment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 2018

The era of fully autonomous vehicles which can travel to their destination completely, is expected to arrive in the near future. The automobile industry will face a huge change in the near future. It makes the industry in the midst of a major turning point, since the automobile was born in the late 1800s. It is expected that the fully autonomous vehicle will be defined as a part of a living space beyond the concept of transportation. However, the existing research on the interior design of the fully autonomous vehicle is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to propose a design method of interior space through analyzing in-vehicle activities, which is a fundamental design element that can satisfy user's emotional experience suitable the concept of living space. For this purpose, the consumer's consciousness about the in-vehicle activity of fully autonomous vehicle was investigated. As a result, domestic consumers perceived the needs of in-vehicle activities related to resting, listening and watching activities such as 'sleeping and resting', 'watching TV and movie', 'listening to music' among 'self - centered' activities. Based on the results of the investigation, this study will suggest a design method of interior design of the fully autonomous vehicle. This study is meaningful, because it is a leading research that suggests new ways of designing interior space by analyzing consumer's needs in a quantitative method.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2023

In the commercialization stage of level 4 or higher autonomous driving, the need for new legal system related to drive safely has increased in order to meet the improved level of technological development. Especially human drivers should not be legally accountable for road safety in the era of autonomous vehicles and thus safety standards for operation of autonomous vehicles are significant. To address this issue, the German Road Traffic Act was revised in 2021, adding provisions corresponding to the commercialization of self-driving vehicle of level 4 and in the similar context the Japanese Road Traffic Ac was amended in 2022. This Article draws implications for legislative discussions on driving-related responsibilities of driverless autonomous vehicle to ensure driving safety in Korea through recent amendments in Germany and Japan.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.71-79
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• 2020

Due to the recent changes in residential value, user needs for various spaces in residential space are increasing. However, it is not easy to change and reconstruct the first residential form according to the needs of the user due to the characteristics of the residential space where movement and deformation are difficult. Therefore, this study aims to derive a plan to meet user needs according to changing residential value by using fully autonomous vehicles with a concept of space that can be moved. First, the existing residential space was classified through literature research, and based on this, the space type of the fully autonomous vehicle for the residential was derived through user research. Then, through the survey method and statistical analysis, user needs analysis for residential space, usefulness analysis of derived space type and type specification were carried out. Finally, based on the results of the study, the design direction of the fully autonomous vehicle for residential purpose was presented. Based on the user's perception, it is meaningful that it categorizes the space of the fully autonomous vehicle for residential purposes and suggests the design direction.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2021

In this thesis, we examine the development status of autonomous mobility services using various artificial intelligence algorithms and propose a solution by combining edge and cloud computing to overcome technical difficulties. A fully autonomous vehicle with enhanced safety and ethics can be implemented using the proposed solution. In addition, for the future of 2035, we present a new concept that enables two- and three-dimensional movement via cooperation between ecofriendly, low-noise, and modular fully autonomous vehicles. The zero-error autonomous driving system will safely and conveniently transport people, goods, and services without time and space constraints and contribute to the autonomous mobility services that are free from movement in connection with various mobility.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

In level 5 (mind-off) of autonomous driving, the autonomous vehicle passengers are expected to have various activities such as face-to-face meetings, working, relaxing, and watching movies. In particular, various changes in the interior space of the vehicle are expected. Moreover, according to the survey conducted by the American Automobile Association, 73% of the respondents reported that they were afraid to board autonomous vehicles. In level 5 of autonomous driving, the subject of safety was expected to be transferred to autonomous vehicles; thus, research should be conducted from the user's perspective. Recently, various studies have been conducted to secure the safety of fully autonomous vehicles. However, there are limited studies addressing the psychological safety of actual passengers. Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire based on the AHP technique. Consequently, the automobile safety system's priority for securing passengers' psychological safety according to each type of indoor behavior was derived, and the interior space for securing the psychological stability of passengers was suggested based on the obtained results. This study offers a new direction for interior space design, satisfying the psychological safety of passengers. This study is important because it advocates that the interior environment of fully autonomous driving cars is expected to be designed to secure the user's psychological safety.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.91-99
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• 2023

This study is a descriptive study to invesigate people's perceptions of the living space in fully autonomous vehicle. Survey was conducted on 250 adults in their 20s to 60s who drive their own vehicle in Korea, and the final study subject were 204 participants who completed responses. Frequency analysis, independent sample t-test, and regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. For the adequacy of using the four factors of mobility, adaptability, convertibility, and interactivity to evaluate the design of living space in fully autonomous vehicle, the scores of respondents were slightly higher, with an average of 3.76 points on a 5-point scale. Regarding the functions required for fully autonomous vehicle, 'sleep and relaxation' was the most common at 46.4% (130), followed by 'entertainment' at 19% (53), 'business and meeting' at 18.3% (51), and 'health monitoring' at 10.8% (30). It is expected that these study findings will be used as basis for the design of 'living space', a key element of fully autonomous mobility.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

Recent developments in robotics and intelligent vehicle area, bring interests of people in an autonomous driving ability and advanced driving assistance system. Especially fully automatic parking ability is one of the key issues of intelligent vehicles, and accurate parked vehicles detection is essential for this issue. In previous researches, many types of sensors are used for detecting vehicles, 2D LiDAR is popular since it offers accurate range information without preprocessing. The L shape feature is most popular 2D feature for vehicle detection, however it has an ambiguity on different objects such as building, bushes and this occurs misdetection problem. Therefore we propose the accurate vehicle detection method by using a 3D complete vehicle model in 3D point clouds acquired from front inclined 2D LiDAR. The proposed method is decomposed into two steps: vehicle candidate extraction, vehicle detection. By combination of L shape feature and point clouds segmentation, we extract the objects which are highly related to vehicles and apply 3D model to detect vehicles accurately. The method guarantees high detection performance and gives plentiful information for autonomous parking. To evaluate the method, we use various parking situation in complex urban scene data. Experimental results shows the qualitative and quantitative performance efficiently.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2022

In Korea, various studies on autonomous vehicles are being conducted with the aim of commercializing the fully autonomous driving (Lv.4) on major roads in 2027. Currently, the communication between non-autonomous vehicles and road users is made with gestures, eye contact, and verbal signals. In the case of autonomous vehicles in the future, autonomous vehicles should communicate instead of drivers. Recently, V2H communication technology (communication technology between autonomous vehicles and road users) is being developed. This study shows technology priorities using the KANO model in caution (warning) and traffic (concession) situations. As a result, a total of six attractive quality technologies were analyzed: technology to provide dark warning information in a display graphic; technology to provide dark warning information in a projection graphic; technology to provide light concession information in a display graphic; technology to provide dark concession information in a display graphic. In the future, it will investigate the preference of users in providing V2H information by road situation. It will be used as a V2H design priority.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4123-4141
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• 2019

Autonomous driving technology is divided into 0~5 levels. Of these, Level 5 is a fully autonomous vehicle that does not require a person to drive at all. The automobile industry has been trying to develop Level 5 to satisfy safety, but commercialization has not yet been achieved. In order to commercialize autonomous unmanned vehicles, there are several problems to be solved for driving safety. To solve one of these, this paper proposes 'A Deep Learning Part-diagnosis Platform(DLPP) based on an In-vehicle On-board gateway for an Autonomous Vehicle' that diagnoses not only the parts of a vehicle and the sensors belonging to the parts, but also the influence upon other parts when a certain fault happens. The DLPP consists of an In-vehicle On-board gateway(IOG) and a Part Self-diagnosis Module(PSM). Though an existing vehicle gateway was used for the translation of messages happening in a vehicle, the IOG not only has the translation function of an existing gateway but also judges whether a fault happened in a sensor or parts by using a Loopback. The payloads which are used to judge a sensor as normal in the IOG is transferred to the PSM for self-diagnosis. The Part Self-diagnosis Module(PSM) diagnoses parts itself by using the payloads transferred from the IOG. Because the PSM is designed based on an LSTM algorithm, it diagnoses a vehicle's fault by considering the correlation between previous diagnosis result and current measured parts data.