Science of Emotion and Sensibility (감성과학)

Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility (한국감성과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design of Interior Space for Psychological Safety of Passengers according to In-Vehicle Activity of Fully Autonomous Vehicle

완전자율주행자동차 실내행위 유형에 따른 탑승자의 심리적 안전성 확보를 위한 실내 공간 설계

  • 유지민 (연세대학교 커뮤니케이션대학원 디자인인텔리전스 전공) ;
  • 권주영 (국민대학교 TED 디자인사이언스학과 AI디자인랩) ;
  • 주다영 (국민대학교 TED 디자인사이언스학과 AI디자인랩)
  • Received : 2021.01.18
  • Accepted : 2021.04.23
  • Published : 2021.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In level 5 (mind-off) of autonomous driving, the autonomous vehicle passengers are expected to have various activities such as face-to-face meetings, working, relaxing, and watching movies. In particular, various changes in the interior space of the vehicle are expected. Moreover, according to the survey conducted by the American Automobile Association, 73% of the respondents reported that they were afraid to board autonomous vehicles. In level 5 of autonomous driving, the subject of safety was expected to be transferred to autonomous vehicles; thus, research should be conducted from the user's perspective. Recently, various studies have been conducted to secure the safety of fully autonomous vehicles. However, there are limited studies addressing the psychological safety of actual passengers. Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire based on the AHP technique. Consequently, the automobile safety system's priority for securing passengers' psychological safety according to each type of indoor behavior was derived, and the interior space for securing the psychological stability of passengers was suggested based on the obtained results. This study offers a new direction for interior space design, satisfying the psychological safety of passengers. This study is important because it advocates that the interior environment of fully autonomous driving cars is expected to be designed to secure the user's psychological safety.

자율주행 5단계(mind-off)에서는 운전에서 해방된 탑승자가 차량 내에서 대면 대화, 업무, 휴식, 영화 감상 등의 다양한 활동이 될 것으로 예상된다. 특히 자동차 실내 공간의 다양한 변화가 예상된다. 또한 미국자동차협회(American Automobile Association)가 시행한 조사에서 73%가 자율주행 자동차에 탑승하는 것이 두렵다고 응답하였고, 자율주행 5단계에서는 안전의 주체가 자율주행자동차로 이양이 예상되므로 사용자 경험 관점에서 연구가 이루어져야 한다. 최근 완전자율주행자동차의 안전성 확보에 관한 다양한 연구가 이뤄지고 있으나 실제 탑승자의 심리적 안전성 확보 관점에서의 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 AHP 분석 기법에 기반하여 설문조사를 진행하였다. 그 결과 각 실내 행위 유형에 따라 탑승자의 심리적 안전성 확보를 위한 자동차 안전장치의 우선순위를 도출하였고 도출된 결과를 기반으로 탑승자의 심리적 안전성을 확보를 위한 실내 공간을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 탑승자의 심리적 안전성을 충족하는 실내공간 설계를 위한 방향성을 제시한 것에 의의가 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 사용자의 심리적 안전성 확보를 위한 완전 자율주행 자동차 실내 환경 조성이 이루어질 것으로 기대한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (10079996, Development of HVI technology for autonomous vehicle driver status monitoring and situation detection) funded By the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea).

References

  1. Bae, J. H. (2016). Deloitte Global Automotive Consumer Study: Automotive Consumer Global Trends on Awareness and Accptance of innovative atuomobile technologies. Seoul: Deloitte Strategy Consulting Group.
  2. Choi, I. S. (2016). An analysis of self-driving car safety issues and trends, Auto Journal, 38(2), 21-26.
  3. Deloitte Consulting. (2020). 2020 Global Automotive Consumer Study. London: Deloitte.
  4. Edmonds, E. (2016). Three-quarters of americans "afraid" to ride in an self-driving vehicle. American Automobile Association NewsRoom. Retrieved November 3, 2018, from https://newsroom.aaa.com/2016/03/three-quarters-of-americans-afraid-to-ride-in-a-self-driving-vehicle/
  5. Kim, J. S., & Min, S. J. (2019). Development trends and core technology development fields of the intelligent automobile industry. Gwangju: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute.
  6. Kim, K. O., Moon, Y. J., Lee, J. D., & Jo, S. A. (2016). A Fundamental Research on Public Perceptions on Ethics, Legal and Social Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles (AV). Sejong: The Korea Transport Institute.
  7. Kim, W., Cho, K. W., Kim, M. S., Yeo, D. H., Lee, J. E., & Kim, S. J. (2019). A study on driver's attitude according to combination of modality and message type in providing driving information in autonomous driving, Proceedings of HCI KOREA 2019, 125-130.
  8. Filo, P., & Lubega, I. (2015). Design of interior for self-driving car: Propose a conceptual design from a body & trim perspective that can be implemented in future self-driving cars. (Master's dissertation). Department of Product and Production Development, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden. Retrieved from https://odr.chalmers.se/
  9. Han, S. W., Kwon, H. J., Yoo, J. K., Lee, Y. K., Kwon, M. J. & Bang, H. S. (2018). Psychological, social, and technological factors affecting trust for autonomous vehicles, Proceeding of the 72th Annual Conference of Korean Psychological Association, 86-86.
  10. Hus, J. (2015). Google's Pedestrian Airbag Aims to Deflate Robot Car Fears, Science for The Curious Discover, Retrieved November 26, 2018, from http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/lovesick-cyborg/2015/03/28/googles-pedestrian-airbag-aims-to-deflate-robot-car-fears/#.XCM1CGgzaUk
  11. Joo, H. H., Kang, C. Y., & Choi, J. H. (2019). Study on the effect of safety perception according to information provicing method in autonomous driving environment, Journal of Digital Contents Society, 20(8), 1577-1584. DOI: 10.9728/dcs.2019.20.8.1577
  12. Joo, M. J., & Lee, J. S. (2016). The effects of older driver's subjective evaluation for driving ability on mobility and subjective well-being, Science of Emotion & Sensibility, 19(2), 67-78. DOI: 10.14695/KJSOS.2016.19.2.67
  13. Kim, D. S. (2018). NCAP roadmap to evaluate the safety of autonomous driving vehicles, Auto Journal, 40(7), 43-47.
  14. Kim, H. Y. (2013). Assessment on the importance of evaluation factors for ship's safety management company by the AHP, Marine Policy Research, 28(1), 83-108.
  15. Kim, P. S. (2018). What are the current state of autonomous vehicle technologies and their potential for advancement?, SPRi, Retrieved November 23, 2018, from http://spri.kr/posts/view/16552?code=speech
  16. Kim, W., Cho, K. W., Kim, M.. S., Yeo, D. H., Lee, J. E., & Kim, S. J. (2019). A study on driver's attitude according to combination of modality and message type in providing driving information in autonomous driving, Proceedings of HCI Korea 2019, 125-130.
  17. Kim, Y. J., & Kim, S. C. (2014). A study of Automotive interior space design According to the Unmanned vehicle technology, Proceedings of the 11th KODDCO 2014 Conference, 79-80.
  18. Korea Institute of Design Promotion(Kidp). (2018). Volvo's autonomous driving concept car with dwelling function, Korea Institute of Design Promotion (Kidp), Retrieved November 12, 2018, from http://www.designdb.com/?menuno=1159&bbsno=399&siteno=15&act=view&ztag=rO0ABXQANDxjYWxsIHR5cGU9ImJvYXJkIiBubz0iOTY3IiBza2luPSJwaG90b19iYnMiPjwvY2FsbD4%3D
  19. Kwon, J. Y., & Ju, D. Y. (2018). An analysis and classification of in-vehicle activity based on literature study for interior design of fully autonomous vehicle, Journal of the HCI KOREA, 13(2), 5-20. DOI:10.17210/jhsk.2018.05.13.2.5
  20. Lee, J. I., Kim, N. E., & Kim, J. W. (2017). A study on driver experience in autonomous car based on trust and distrust model of automation system, Journal of Digital Contents Society, 18(4), 713-722. DOI: 10.9728/dcs.2017.18.4.713
  21. Lee, J. S., & Ju, D. Y. (2019). The effect of feedback on alleviating anxiety for autonomous vehicle passengers, Proceedings of HCI Korea 2019, 490-494.
  22. Lee, S. H. (2014). An empirical study on the adoption on smart car, Department of Computer Information Engineering. (Master's dissertation). Daegu University, Daegu, Korea. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/
  23. Mercedes Blog. Confirmed: All-new 2020 MercedesBenz S-Class will be capable of Level 3 autonomous driving, Mercedes Blog, Retrieved November 10, 2018, from https://mercedesblog.com/confirmed-allnew-2020-mercedes-benz-s-class-will-be-capable-of-level-3-autonomous-driving/
  24. Min, J. H. (2015). Smart Management Science, Gyeongi: Booksr.
  25. Ryu, C. H. (2016). Levels of automated driving and current state, KAMA Web Journal, Retrieved November 14, 2018, from http://www.kama.or.kr/jsp/webzine/201611/pages/trend_01.jsp
  26. Ryu, J. E. (2018) 'Level 3' autonomous driving, more conservative approach auto industry game-changer, Electronic Times Internet, Retrieved November 10, 2018, from http://m.etnews.com/20180904000269#_enliple
  27. Saaty, T. L. (1977). A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 15(3), 234-281. DOI: 10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5
  28. Suh, I.G. (2009). Intersection safety evaluation model considering driver's psychological characteristics, Department of Civil Engineering. (Doctoral dissertation). Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/
  29. Thubron, R. (2017). Ding-proof car with external "airbags" shown off at Tokyo Motor Show, techspot, Retrieved November 27, 2018, from https://www.techspot.com/news/71621-ding-proof-car-external-airbags-shown-off-tokyo.html
  30. Udy, J. (2016). Volvo survey says: Put steering wheels in autonomous car, Motortrend, Retrieved November 6, 2018, from https://www.motortrend.com/news/volvo-survey-consumers-want-steering-wheels-in-autonomous-cars/
  31. Volvo Home page. (n.d). A new way to travel Volvo 360c concept. Retrieved September 18, 2018, from https://www.volvocars.com/intl/cars/concepts/360c
  32. Yang, H. S. (2018). A Study of the Effects of Pleasure and Safety on Autonomous Vehicle Acceptance. (Doctoral dissertation). Department of IT Policy Management, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/
  33. Lee, J. I., Kim, N, E., & Kim, J. W. (2017). The effects of feedback in an automated car, Proceedings of HCI KOREA 2017, 669-672.
  34. Lee, J. S., Ju, D, Y. (2019). The effect of feedback on alleviating anxiety for autonomous vehicle passenger, Proceedings of HCI KOREA 2019, 490-494.
  35. Yu, G. E., Kim, T. S., Lee, G. H., & Choi, J. H. (2018). The effects of voice and visual information types on driver's cognitive workload and emotion, Proceedings of the 17th HCI KOREA 2018, 986-991.