• Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2001

Effects of Taeumjowetang on Lipid Peroxidation by Free Radicals and Oxidative Damage of Hepatocytes by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide. 1. Purpose The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Taeumjowetang in vitro. 2. Methods In this study, antioxidant effects of TJT on lipid peroxidation were determined according to the method of TBA. (Abbreviation) TJT : Taeumjowetang, TBA : 2-thiobarbituric acid. 3. Results : 1) TJT inhibited markedly peroxidation of linoleic acid during the autoxidation. 2) TJT inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by hydroxyl radical derived from H2O2-Fe2+ in rat liver homogenate. 3) TJT showed 66% scavenging effect on DPPH radical. 4) TJT exhibited a 25% inhibitory effect on superoxide generation from xanthine-xan thine oxidase system. 5) To investigate the antioxidative effects of TJT on the hepatocytes, cultured normal rat liver cells(Ac2F) were prepared and incubated with or without TJT. After 16~18hr, cells placed in DMEM medium without serum, and then incubated with 1mM t-BHP for 2hr. Viable cells were detected by MTT assay. In this test, TJT protected the cell death induced by t-BHP and significantly increased cell viability in the normal rat liver cell. (Abbreviation) DPPH : ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picryl hydrazyl, DMEM : Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, t-BHP : terr-butyl hydroperoxide, 4. Conclusion These results suggested that TJT might play a protective role in lipid peroxidation by free radicals.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2005

The protective effect of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) extract on alloxan-induced pancreatic β-cell damage was investigated in HIT T-15 cells, a Syrian hamster pancreatic β-cell line. Alloxan caused the pancreatic β-cell damage through the generation of reactive oxygen free radicals, increased DNA fragmentation, and decreased cellular NAD/sup +/ levels. The β-cell damage was significantly prevented by the pretreatment with water soluble extract of AS roots. These results suggest that the protective effect of AS extract, on alloxan-induced β-cell damage, is primarily due to the inhibition of the generation of reactive oxygen free radical species (ROS) by alloxan.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1998

ln an attempt to define the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the lipid peroxidation and oxygen See radical reactions in rats exposed to carbon monoxide, we studied malondialdehyde(MDA) level and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the heart of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide. Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260gm were used. Experimental groups consist of Control group (=breathing with air), HBO group(=exposed to hyperbaric oxygen(HBO, 3ATA, 100%) after air breath), CO group(=exposed to CO(3,970 ppm) after air breath), CO-Air group(=exposed to CO after air breath followed by air breath) and CO-HBO group(=exposed to CO after ai. breath followed HBO treatment). The CO group showed significantly higher MDA level, catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of control group. The CO-HBO group showed significantly lower MDA level as compared to that of CO group, and did not show significantly lower catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of CO group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals is an important determinant in pathogenesis of Co-induced cardiotoxicity and HBO inhibits the lipid peroxidation caused by excessive oxygen free radicals in the heart of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2006

A growing body of evidence supports lipid peroxidation as having a role in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Although the probable cause of damage to human hepatocytes may be multifactorial, free radicals have been implicated in a variety of liver diseases, particularly in the presence of iron overload and toxic substances such as ethanol. Consequently, antioxidants, particularly those of plant origin such as flavonoids, may help to reduce the risk of developing these diseases. Silybum (S.) marianum, a medicinal plant widely used in traditional European medicine for the treatment of liver disorders, was evaluated for antioxidant activity. Thin layer chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography analyses of crude extract of the plant confirmed the presence of a number of flavonoids reported in the literature. The antioxidant activity of these flavonoids was measured through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging. The crude plant extract showed marked antioxidant activity in both assays. These results suggest that S. marianum contains flavonoids with antioxidant activity, capable of inhibiting or scavenging free radicals, thus supporting its traditional use as a hepatoprotective agent.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

In an attempt to define the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radical reactions in rats exposed to carbon monoxide, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the kidney of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide. Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 gm were used. Experimental groups consist of Control group (=breathing with air), HBO group (=exposed to hyperbaric oxygen 〔HBO, 3ATA, 100%〕 after air breath), CO group (=exposed to CO〔3,970 ppm〕after air breath), CO-Air group (=exposed to CO after air breath followed by air breath) and CO-HBO group (=exposed to CO after air breath followed HBO treatment). The CO group showed significantly higher MDA level, catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of control group. The CO-HBO group showed significantly lower MDA level as compared to that of CO group, and did not show significantly lower catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of CO group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals is an important determinant in pathogenesis of CO-induced nephrotoxicity and HBO inhibits the lipid peroxidation caused by excessive oxygen free radicals in the kidney of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 2014

The protective role of phloroglucinol against oxidative stress and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) was investigated in vitro and in cell culture. Phloroglucinol had strong and concentration-dependent radical scavenging effects against nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anions ($O_2{^-}$), and hydroxyl radicals. In this study, free radical generators were used to induce oxidative stress in LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Treatment with phloroglucinol attenuated the oxidative stress induced by peroxyl radicals, NO, $O_2{^-}$, and peroxynitrite. Phloroglucinol also increased cell viability and decreased lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cells were used to investigate the protective effect of phloroglucinol against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced SIPS. Phloroglucinol treatment attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced SIPS by increasing cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation, suggesting that treatment with phloroglucinol should delay the aging process. The present study supports the promising role of phloroglucinol as an antioxidative agent against free radical-induced oxidative stress and SIPS.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.437-450
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• 2006

Background : Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by severe inflammatory pulmonary edema of unknown pathogenesis. To investigate the pathogenesis of ARDS associated with neutrophilic oxidative stress, the role of phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$) was evaluated by the inhibition of calcium channel. Methods : In Sprague-Dawley rats, acute lung injury (ALI) was induced by the instillation of E.coli endotoxin (ETX) into the trachea. At the same time, diltiazem was given 60 min prior to tracheal instillation of ETX. Parameters of ALI such as lung and neutrophil $PLA_2$, lung myeloperoxidase (MPO), BAL neutrophils, protein, surfactant were measured. Production of free radicals from neutrophils was measured also. Morphological studies with light microscope and electron microscope were carried out and electron microscopic cytochemistry for detection of free radicals was performed also. Results : Diltiazem had decreased the ALI parameters effectively in ETX given rats and decreased the production of free radicals from neutrophils and lung tissues. Morphological studies denoted the protective effects of diltiazem. Conclusion : Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, was effective in amelioration of ALI by the suppression of neutrophilic oxidative stress mediated by $PLA_2$ activation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.503-516
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• 2001

Background : The present study was carried out in association with neutrophilic respiratory burst in the lung in order to clarify the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) following acute severe hemorrhage. Because oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the principal factors causing tissue injury, the role of free radicals from neutrophils was assessed in acute hemorrhage-induced lung injury. Method : In Sprague-Dawley rats, hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood(20 ml/kg of B.W) for 5 min and the hypotensive state was sustained for 60 min. To determine the mechanism and role of oxidative stress associated with phospholipase A2(PLA2) by neutrophils, the level of lung leakage, pulmonary myeloperoxidase(MPO), and the pulmonary PLA2 were measured. In addition, the production of free radicals was assessed in isolated neutrophils by cytochemical electron microscopy in the lung. Results : In hypotensive shock-induced acute lung injury, the pulmonary MPO, the level of lung leakage and the production of free radicals were higher. The inhibition of PLA2 with mepacrine decreased the pulmonary MPO, level of lung leakage and the production of free radicals from neutrophils. Conclusion : A. neutrophilic respiratory burst is responsible for the oxidative stress causing acute lung injury followed by acute, severe hemorrhage. PLA2 activation is the principal cause of this oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.82-97
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• 2007

Objective : Cortex of Ulmi pumilae(CUP) has been used to treat several diseases including boil, swelling, and scabies etc. Recently, CUP was known to have wrinkle care and whitening actions. But, It's exact mechanisms are unclear. Methods : The present study was designed to investigate effects of CUP on Human HaCaT keratinocyte and malignant melanoma cells such as SK-MEL-2 and B16F10 in terms of cell viabilities, proliferations, DPPH free radical scavenging activities, oxygen free radical productions and inhibitory action on elastase activities. Results : CUP accelerated proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes in the lower concentration. CUP also prevented cell death of HaCaT induced by Hydrogen peroxide, which products oxygen free radicals. On the contrary, CUP did not affect proliferations of SK-MEL-2 or B16F10. Futhermore, CUP showed inhibitory action against SK-MEL-2 proliferation at the concentration of $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ In addition, CUP was shown to have DPPH free radical scavenging activities and also have inhibitory effects on elastase activities too. On the fluorescent examinations, the present author knows that CUP elevated production levels of oxygen free radicals in malignant melanoma cell, SK-MEL-2. Conclusions : These results suggest that CUP has possibilities of usage for functional cosmetics which have wrinkle care and whitening activities and related mechanisms are involved in inhibition of elastase action and acceleration of oxidative stress in melanoma cell.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.223-225
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• 2003

Ocimum sanctum, the Indian holy basil has significant abilities to scavenge highly reactive free radicals. Shade dried leaf powder of plant has extracted with water and alcohol, fractionated with different solvents. Both extracts and their fractions were found to be good scavengers of Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Free radical scavenging action of these compared with ascorbic acid, a known antioxidant.