• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2012

This paper proposes a method to efficiently encode multi-view color videos and depth maps. The proposed coding method for multi-view color videos and depth maps can improve the coding efficiency by additional inter-view prediction, as well as inter-frame prediction. By means of the proposed method, we achieved the coding gain of approximately 55% for 2-view color videos and approximately 12% for 2-view depth maps. For 3-view case, we found that the proposed system yields 54% of coding gain from outer view color videos and 56% of coding gain from center view color videos, respectively. Moreover, for 3-view depth map case, approximately 11% of coding gain from outer view and 13% of coding gain from center view are obtained with the proposed coder, respectively.

• Composites Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2015

Air spoiler, which can reduce the drag during operation, can be considered as a possible means to reduce carbon dioxide emission and to increase fuel efficiency. In this study, a composite air spoiler was designed and tested by static and repeated loads. The Green Water Pressure of 0.1 MPa a ship experiences during operation was perpendicularly applied to the air spoiler. Air spoiler was manufactured with sandwich panel which has glass fabric face and balsa core. Multiple sandwich panels were assembled to steel frame by bolt joint. The joint was designed to have bearing failure and examined by static and fatigue tests. Tests showed that the designed joint has enough margin of safety to endure joint failure. The developed sandwich panel to air spoiler is planned to be applied to a large scale commercial ship.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.114-119
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• 2002

A immobilizing device that is essential for correct lung and lens shielding with homogenous dose distribution in fractionated total body irradiation was developed and it's efficiency was evaluated. The main frame was made of stainless steel bar (5 cm in diameter) to withstand up to 230 cm in height and 100 kg in weight to prevent any injury even in unconsciousness condition. The saddle was designed to adjust the body weight and hight of standing patients. Chest and back supporter were made of 1 cm acryl which could fix the lung block and cassette holder. Leather and sponge pedding were used for head rest to keep patients comfortable. The device was strongly fixed by specially designed bolts on the bottom panel which was made of 1 cm stainless steel and 10 cm thick wooden board. Precise manipulation ($\pm$2 mm) was possible by upper two pulleys and side handles. Average four minutes twenty five seconds were needed for exact setting in fractionated TBI. No significant difference of lung block location on repeated verification films was confirmed and relatively homogeneous dose distribution was measured in rando phantom experiments and patient treatments ($\pm$5%). This immobilizing device was very efficient to keep correct position of patients, which is essential for better result and less complication in fractionated TBI.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.195-206
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• 1991

This paper is concerned with comparison of the first-order reliability methods applied to the assessment of structural safety. For convenience the reliability methods are divided into two categories : the One can explicitly consider the effects of uncertainties in material and geometric variables on those of load effects, say stresses and displacement in the structural analysis procedure and the other one does not. The first method is commonly termed as the stochastic finite element method(SFEM) or probabilistic finite element method(PFEM) and the second method is termed heroin as the ordinary reliability method to distinct it from the stochastic finite element method in which the structural analysis is carried out just once and the load effects are directly input into the reliability analysis procedure. This is based on the reasonable assumption that the level of uncertainties of load effects is the same as those of load itself. In this paper the above two different reliability method have been applied to the safety assessment of plane frame structures and compared thier results from the view point of their efficiency and usefulness. As lear as results of the present structure models are concerned, it can be said that the ordinary reliability method can give reasonable results when the uncertainties of material and geometric variables are comparatively small, say when less than about 15% and the stochastic finite element method is desired to be applied to the structure in which the COV's are comparatively great, say when greater than about 15%.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2004

This paper presents an efficient image compression method for memory reduction in multimedia processor which can be simply implemented in hardware and provides high performance. The multimedia processor, which includes processing of high-resolution images and videos, requires large memories: they are external frame memories to store frames and internal line memories for implementing some linear filters. If we can reduce those memories by adopting a simple compression method in multimedia processor, it will strengthen its cost competitiveness. There exist many standards for efficiently compressing images and videos. However, those standards are too complex for our purpose and most of them are 2-D block-based methods, which do not support raster scanned input and output. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity compression method which has good performance, can be implemented with simple hardware logic, and supports raster scan. We have adopted 1${\times}$8 Hadamard transform for simple implementation in hardware and compression efficiency. After analyzing the coefficients, we applied an adaptive thresholding and quantization. We provide some simulation results to analyze its performance and compare with the existing methods. We also provide its hardware implementation results and discuss about cost reduction effects when applied in implementing a multimedia processor.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.388-396
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• 2017

Since there are many variables such as various poses, illuminations and occlusions in a face detection problem, a high performance detection system is required. Although CNN is excellent in image classification, CNN operatioin requires high-performance hardware resources. But low cost low power environments are essential for small and mobile systems. So in this paper, the CPU-FPGA integrated system is designed based on 3-stage cascade CNN architecture using small size FPGA. Adaptive Region of Interest (ROI) is applied to reduce the number of CNN operations using face information of the previous frame. We use a Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) to accelerate the CNN computations. The accelerator reads multiple featuremap at once on the FPGA and performs a Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) operation in parallel for convolution operation. The system is implemented on Altera Cyclone V FPGA in which ARM Cortex A-9 and on-chip SRAM are embedded. The system runs at 30FPS with HD resolution input images. The CPU-FPGA integrated system showed 8.5 times of the power efficiency compared to systems using CPU only.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 1997

The number of modernized green houses have been increased to produce high quality and high-payoff farm products. The unit investment costs per pyeong($3.3058m^2$) for building a glass house was estimated at 449 thousand won. On the other hand, the unit prices for the PC house with iron frame and the vynil house with automatic control system were revealed 365 thousand won and 93 thousand won respectively. The main objective of the study was to identify the financial feasibility of the green house investment prevailed in rural area. At present, some farmers have selected the green house without any consideration of profitability of crops and accessiblity of their fanning practices and technology. For the soundness of green house cultivation and management, the indices of finacial efficiency for the modernized green houses were necessary. The decesion making criteria such as NPV(Net Present Value), IRR(Internal Rate of Return), B/C Ratio and Payback Period were analyzed for the individual high investment facilities considering the present farmer's technology and on-farm benefits and costs. The results of the feasibility analysis of green houses were as follows: 1. In case of 100% private burden of the investment costs, NPV revealed only positive value for the vinyl house with automatic system and IRR for the house was also estimated at more than 10% and B/C Ratio was amounted to more than 1.0. On the other hand, the other glass and PC houses showed negative NPV and unacceptable B/C ratio and IRR. 2. In case of the following terms and conditions as 50% Government subsidy, 20% loans and 30% farmers burden of the total investment cost, all the green houses showed acceptable IRR, B/C Ratio and NPV. 3. The financial feasibility of the glass house was acceptable in tomato cultivation rather than in cucumber cultivation. The payback periods of cucumber were represented as 8.9 years for glass house, 8.5 years for PC house and 4.1 years for vinyl house with automatic system respectively. In conclution, the glass and PC house cultivation of high value vegetables were only acceptable under the Goverment subsidy and loan systems from the view point of farmer's financial situations. On account of the unacceptable economic rate of return, the government subsidy and loan policy for glass house cultivation should be transfered to the vinyl and pc houses in the future.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.385-392
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• 2013

The finite element method has become the most widely used method of structural analysis and recently, the method has often been applied to complex dynamic and nonlinear structural analyses problems. Even for these complex problems, where the responses are hard to predict, finite element analyses yield reliable results if appropriate element types and meshes are used. However, the dynamic and nonlinear behaviors of a structure often include large deformations in various portions of the structure and if the same mesh is used throughout the analysis, some elements may deform to shapes beyond the reliable limits; thus dynamically adapting finite element meshes are needed in order for the finite element analyses to be accurate. In addition, to satisfy the users requirement of quick real run time of finite element programs, the algorithms must be computationally efficient. This paper presents an adaptive finite element mesh generation scheme for dynamic analyses of structures that may adapt at each time step. Representative strain values are used for error estimates and combinations of the h-method(node movement) and the r-method(element division) are used for mesh refinements. A coefficient that depends on the shape of an element is used to limit overly distorted elements. A simple frame example shows the accuracy and computational efficiency of the scheme. The aim of the study is to outline the adaptive scheme and to demonstrate the potential use in general finite element analyses of dynamic and nonlinear structural problems commonly encountered.

• Trans-
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• v.3
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• pp.1-28
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• 2017

As the field of film aesthetics expands, the concept of classical the mise-en-scene expands too its scope. This paper examines the concept of mise-en-scene through spatial connections. The primary goals of this study are understanding the relation between the frame and the shot, the continuity between the scene and the sequence, and the aesthetic dimension to the plan-sequence. In modern cinema theory, the elements of mise-en-scene are more emphasized in terms of efficiency, but this study is concerned that the classical aesthetic system is still important. To this end, we examine the concept of plan-sequence, which was called the best technique of past visual realism aesthetics, is utilized in digital cinema. Finding significance for the modern use of plan-sequences is a secondary goal of this paper and we expect it to be a stepping stone to search for the aesthetics of digital cinema. The plan-sequence is one of the important factors that can be evaluated in the preparation and application of the event for the movie director. In the real world where the film itself is used commercially, digital film will have a conceptual tool that can utilize allegorics of 'geopolitical unconsciousness' through plan-sequences.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.284-293
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• 2006

Even though Ac/Ds gene-tagging systems have been established in many higher plants, maize is the only major plant in which short-distance transposition of Ac/Ds has been utilized to probe gene function. This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of obtaining new alleles and functional revertants from Ds insertion loci in rice. By analyzing 1,580 plants and the progeny of selected lines, the insertion sites and orientations of Ds elements within 16 new heritable alleles of three rice loci were identified and characterized. Intragenic transposition was detected in both directions from the original insertion sites. The closest interval was 35 bp. Three of the alleles had two Ds elements in cis configuration in the same transcription units. We also analyzed the excision footprints of intragenic and extragenic transpositions in Ds-inserted alleles at 5 loci. The 134 footprints obtained from different plants revealed predominant patterns. Ds excision at each locus left a predominant footprint at frequencies of 30-75%. Overall, 66% of the footprints were 7-bp additions. In addition, 16% of the excisions left 0-, 3-, 6-, and 9-bp additions with the potential of conserving reading frame.