• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 1991

This study is to predict accurately the wave induced current accuring by the radiation stress which acts as the driving force around Nearshore structure. For the wave induced current, the depth integrated and time averaged governing equation of an unsteady nonlinear form is derived from the continuity and momentum equation of an incompressible fluid. Numerical solutions are obtained by a finite difference method for the governing equation. In the vicinity of a structure, computed flow patterns show good agreement with the hydraulic experimental data. The numerical results obtained by neglecting the convective term show a large change of alongshore and offshore current.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.367-371
• /
• 2001

The chromosome 7-linked long QT syndrome (LQT2) is caused by mutations in the human ether-a- go-go-related gene (HERG) that encodes the rapidly activating delayed rectifier $K^+$ current, $I_{Kr},$ in cardiac myocytes. Different types of mutations have been identified in various locations of HERG channel. One of the mechanisms for the loss of normal channel function is due to membrane trafficking of channel protein. The decreased channel function in some deletion mutants appears to be due to loss of coupling with wild type HERG to form the functional channel as the tetramer. Most of missense mutants with few exceptions could interact with wild type HERG to form functional tetramer and caused dominant negative suppression with co-injection with wild type HERG showing variable effects on current amplitude, voltage dependence, and kinetics of activation and inactivation. Two missense mutants at pore regions of HERG found in Japanese LQT2 (A614V and V630L) showed accentuated inward rectification due to a negative shift in steady-state inactivation and fast inactivation. One mutation in S4 region (R534C) produced a negative shift in current activation, indicating the S4 serving as the voltage sensor and accelerated deactivation. The C-terminus mutation, S818L, could not express the current by mutant alone and did not show dominant negative suppression with co-injection of equal amount of wild type cRNA. Co-injection of excess amount of mutant with wild type produced dominant negative suppression with a shift in voltage dependent activation. Therefore, multiple mechanisms are involved in different mutations and functional abnormality in LQT2. Further characterization with the interactions between various mutants in HERG and the regulatory subunits of the channels (MiRP1 and minK) is to be clarified.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.33A no.4
• /
• pp.136-141
• /
• 1996

In this paper, a new CMOS on-chip current reference circit for memory, operational amplifiers, comparators, and data converters is proposed. The reference current is almost independent of temeprature and power-supply variations. In the proposed circuit, the current component with a positive temeprature coefficient cancels that with a negative temperature coefficient each other. While conventional curretn and voltage reference circuits require BiCMOS or bipolar process, the presented circuit can be integrated on a single chip with other digiral and analog circits using a standard CMOS process and an extra mask is not needed. The prototype is fabricated employing th esamsung 1.0um p-well double-poly double-metal CMOS process and the chip area is 300um${\times}$135 um. The proposed reference current circuit shows the temperature coefficient of 380 ppm/.deg. C with the temperature changes form 30$^{\circ}C$ to 80$^{\circ}C$, and the output variation of $\pm$ 1.4% with the supply voltage changes from 4.5 V to 5.5 V.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 2000

Schottky contacts on n-In$\_$0.53//Ga$\_$0.47//As have been made by metal deposition on substrates cooled to a temperature of 77K. The current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics showed that the Schottky diodes formed at low temperature had a much improved barrier height compared to those formed at room temperature. The Schottky barrier height ø$\_$B/ was found to be increased from 0.2eV to 0.6eV with Ag metal. The saturation current density of the low temperature diode was about 4 orders smaller than for the room temperature diode. A current transport mechanism dominated by thermionic emission over the barrier for the low temperature diode was found from current-voltage-temperature measurement. Deep level transient spectroscopy studies exhibited a bulk electron trap at E$\_$c/-0.23eV. The low temperature process appears to reduce metal induced surface damage and may form an MIS (metal-insulator-semiconductor)-like structure at the interface.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.184-193
• /
• 2023

This study investigates the effects of a carbon fiber layer formed on the surface of an etched aluminum current collector on the electrochemical properties of the activated carbon electrodes for an electric double layer capacitor. A particle size analyzer, field-emission SEM, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm analyzer are employed to analyze the structure of the carbon fiber layer. The electric and electrochemical properties of the activated carbon electrodes using a carbon fiber layer are evaluated using an electrode resistance meter and a charge-discharge tester, respectively. To uniformly coat the surface with carbon fiber, we applied a planetary mill process, adjusted the particle size, and prepared the carbon paste by dispersing in a binder. Subsequently, the carbon paste was coated on the surface of the etched aluminum current collector to form the carbon under layer, after which an activated carbon slurry was coated to form the electrodes. Based on the results, the interface resistance of the EDLC cell made of the current collector with the carbon fiber layer was reduced compared to the cell using the pristine current collector. The interfacial resistance decreased from 0.0143 Ω·cm² to a maximum of 0.0077 Ω·cm². And degradation reactions of the activated carbon electrodes are suppressed in the 3.3 V floating test. We infer that it is because the improved electric network of the carbon fiber layer coated on the current collector surface enhanced the electron collection and interfacial diffusion while protecting the surface of the cathode etched aluminum; thereby suppressing the formation of Al-F compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1980

The author designed and tested the high sensitive three-phase power factor meter and relay circuit, and dealt with the circuit to detect the phase of the current and the voltage. An operational amplifier comparator circuit and two single-phase transformers are used to control and detect the phase angle between the current and the voltage. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Converting the sine wave input current into the constant amplitude rectangular wave form by using a transistor chopper circuit, the power factor can be measured precisely over the load current of 0.08 A. 2. Using the moving coil type current meter, the power factor meter can be read in uniform . scale all over the range. 3. Using the three-phase power factor meter, the power factor relay which works at any power factor can be made.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.58 no.10
• /
• pp.1930-1935
• /
• 2009

This paper deals with the torque ripple reduction of permanent magnet synchronous motor using harmonic current injection. Torque ripple of electric motor reduces system stability and performances, therefore efforts to reduce torque ripple are exerted in the design process. Torque ripple can be reduced by appropriate pole/slot combination, skew of rotor or stator, design of magnetic circuit, etc. In addition, torque ripple can be also reduced by input voltage and current, and many researches have been conducted to reduce torque ripple for six-step drive. Torque ripple reduction for current vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor also have been conducted and verified by investigating back emf wave form. Torque ripple reduction in this paper started from getting torque profile according to input current and electrical angle calculated by FEA, then instantaneous currents at each electrical angles for constant torque are calculated and applied to experiments. Therefore, 0% of torque ripple can be obtained theoretically with harmonic current injection. In order to maximize the effect of torque ripple reduction, a BLDC motor having high harmonic component of back emf is chosen. With sinusoidal current drive, over 100% of torque ripple is obtained initially, then 0.5 % of torque ripple is obtained by FEA using harmonic current injection. The effect is verified by experiment and the presented method can be effectively applicable to Electric Power Steering(EPS).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.31A no.8
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 1994

DC and AC current crowding effects for microwave and high speed bipolar transistors are investigated in detail using a new and accurate measurement technique based on Z-parameter equationa. Using the new measurement technique dc and ac current crowding effects have been explained clearly in bipolar junction transistors. To model ac crowding effects a capacitive element defined as base capacitance (C$_b$), called ac crowding capacitance is added to base resistance in parallel thereby treating the base resistance(R$_b$) as base impedance Z$_b$. It is shown that base resistance decreases with increasing collector current due to dc current crowding and approaches to a certain limited value at high collector current due to current crowding and approaches to a certain limited value at high collector currents regardless of the emitter size. It is also observed that due to ac current crowding base capacitance increases with increasing collector current. To quantigy the ac crowding effects for SPICE circuit simulation the base capacitance(C$_b$) including the base depletion and diffusion components has been modeled with an analytical expression form.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.116-120
• /
• 2002

The purpose of study is to know how a tendency of organic design have become in mordern architecture-from 20C. architecture to current architecture. In particular, I want to find it out in digital architecture-one of current architecture. To do this, first, I research concept, categories, characteristics of organic design in mordern architecture. Second, I observe theoretical background and analyze design characteristics of digital architecture. Finally, I recognize form of digital architecture have a side of a tendency of organic design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1997.11a
• /
• pp.501-504
• /
• 1997

We investigated the tracking and erosion resistance of the silicone rubber by Inclined-Plane Method. And. with the variation of experiment time, the chance of the leakage current waveform was evaluated. The typical leakage current waveform was the form of mixture of sinusoidal wave and rectifying wave. It is thought that the sinusoidal wave is due to conductivity of contaminant when wet. and the rectifying wave is due to arc of dry band.