• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.400-407
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• 1999

The purpose of thin paper is to test difference of the two question formats, open-ended and dichotomous choice formats, in the contingent valuation method using the estimated recreational benefits. The data were collected from the visitors at the Songnisan National Park. The recreational benefit based on the equivalent variation. The two question formats, but the same content, were asked of the same individuals. In this analysis, it was used travel cost and monthly income as the exogenous variables, which assumed a linear functional form for the WTP equation. The model assumed a bivariate normal distribution on the basis of the probit and tobit model concerning the censored zero WTP. The result showed no differences in the recreational benefits from the different question formats under a same respondent. The mean benefit was estimated 25.556 Won per 5 years per visitors.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.203-225
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• 2016

The permanent disability benefit(PDB) system whose purpose lies in helping affected workers with their self-realization through compensating them for their work-related injury or disease and facilitating their timely return to work is very important in terms of social welfare. Actually, the portions of PDB's in all WCI expenditures have been on the sharp increase. In spite of its positive aspects like this, however, an excessive amount of PDB's may have negative impacts on the affected workers' will to work or return to work, and increasing trends in the amount of PDB's payable in annuity will remain in an aging or aged society a potentially risky factor posing a threat to the soundness of WCI budgets. In this respect, the author attempted herein to identify the long-term reality of trends in the number of claimants entitled to PDB's and the amount of PDB's payable to them through making the long-term budget projections of PDB's; address problems with PDB's payable in annuity, which are or will potentially be one of the gravest burdens in securing the soundness of WCI budgets; and discuss how to optimize the amount of PDB's through studying & analyzing overseas cases and income replacement rates and what kinds of improvements are thinkable. It's recommended to reduce the absolute amount of benefits payable in annuity in a phased way considering claimants' life-cycle instead of sticking to the current system, which takes the form of lifelong pension plan.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2018

Formation of an ideally-shaped tragus remains one of the most challenging issues during staged tragus reconstruction in microtia patients. The authors describe a new method used to treat a unique case of concha-type microtia in which the 10-year-old male patient had only a portion of pre-existing cartilage at the tragus site. An anomalous skin lump was also present. During the initial stages of the reconstruction, the two-stage Nagata method was used for surgical correction of the microtia. An autologous rib cartilage graft was used to form the ear framework. A temporoparietal fascia flap was also constructed. Remnant skin tags and anomalous cartilage that accompany microtia are usually removed during microtia repair. However, the cartilage and skin lump were preserved during the reconstruction. The skin lump was later used to form a vascularized chondrocutaneous island flap that supplemented the portion of cartilage during tragus formation. The result was a new tragus that was satisfactorily improved in both size and shape. Patients with concha-type microtia may benefit from the use of this new method for tragus formation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.97-110
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• 2005

This paper is the second part of a literature review describing the current status of biomass energy use in the USA. The bioenergy technologies that convert biomass resources to a form of energy were presented, in particular focused on existing coal fired boiler, high efficiency gasification combined cycle. We presented latest biomass power energy supply, economic issues such as its production and plant investment cost in the Part I. In the Part II, our review summarized policy and market issues for electricity consumers, benefits from biomass power which could offer an alternative to conventional energy sources in the form of environmental, rural economic growth, and national energy security in the USA.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.157-175
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• 2022

At this moment, a paradigm shift is taking place across all sectors of society for the transition movements to the digital economy. Various movements are taking place in the global agricultural industry to achieve innovative growth using big data which is a key resource of the 4th industrial revolution. Although the government is making various attempts to promote the use of big data, the movement of the agricultural industry as a key player in the use of big data, is still insufficient. Therefore, in this study, effects of performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, facilitation conditions, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(UTAUT), and innovation tendencies on the acceptance intention of big data were analyzed using the economic and practical benefits that can be obtained from the use of big data for agricultural-related companies as moderating variables. 333 questionnaires collected from agricultural-related companies were used for empirical analysis. The analysis results using SPSS v22.0 and Process macro v3.4 were found to have a significant positive (+) effect on the intention to accept big data by effort expectations, social impact, facilitation conditions, and innovation tendencies. However, it was found that the effect of performance expectations on acceptance intention was insignificant, with social impact having the greatest influence on acceptance intention and innovation tendency the least. Moderating effects of economic benefit and practical benefit between effort expectation and acceptance intention, moderating effect of practical benefit between social impact and acceptance intention, and moderating effect of economic benefit and practical benefit between facilitation condition and acceptance intention were found to be significant. On the other hand, it was found that economic benefits and practical benefits did not moderate the magnitude of the influence of performance expectations and innovation tendency on acceptance intention. These results suggest the following implications. First, in order to promote the use of big data by companies, the government needs to establish a policy to support the use of big data tailored to companies. Significant results can only be achieved when corporate members form a correct understanding and consensus on the use of big data. Second, it is necessary to establish and implement a platform specialized for agricultural data which can support standardized linkage between diverse agricultural big data, and support for a unified path for data access. Building such a platform will be able to advance the industry by forming an independent cooperative relationship between companies. Finally, the limitations of this study and follow-up tasks are presented.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.217-243
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• 2023

This study revealed practical implications by analyzing the clauses and disputable issues of the Korea Service Contract. Korea introduced Servcie Contract in the container part since Hanjin Shipping's bankrupcy and distributed the standard form(2019). After that, the standard form was revised during the supply chain crisis(2022). In the standard form, there are clause that require agreement due to conflicting interests of shipper and carrier. Therefore, the main clauses of the standard form were analyzed to derive the practical meaning to the both parties. In addition, in the process of introducing the standard form, the most disputable issues, liquidated damages and minimum quality commitment, were deeply analyzed to explain how shipper and carriers' benefit and loss differ as the clause changes. In conclusion, both parties must set LD at a very reasonable level so that they do not proceed separately with penalty. In addition, 'evenly' is a much more important than quantity for carrier in the establishment of MQC, so extra box option for shipper even during the peak season is needed to accommodate with service contract.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.867-872
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• 2013

Many practical processes in industry have nonlinearities of some forms. One commonly encountered form is actuator saturation which can cause a detrimental effect known as integrator windup. Therefore, a strategy of attenuating the effects of integrator windup is required to guarantee the stability and performance of the overall control system. In this paper, optimal tuning of a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller with an anti-windup scheme is presented to enhance the tracking performance of the PID control system in the presence of the actuator saturation. First, we investigate effective anti-windup schemes. Then, the parameters of both the PID controller and the anti-windup scheme are optimally tuned by an EA (Evolutionary Algorithm) such as the IAE (Integral of Absolute Error) is minimized. A set of simulation works on two high-order processes demonstrates the benefit of the proposed method.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2017

There have been many achievements for 40 years since the introduction of compulsory health insurance. Despite many achievements, it has many challenges in health insurance. Aging, non-communicable disease, and low growth economy are threatening the sustainability of health insurance, and it is time to reform the health insurance. A long-term reform plan will be an absolute necessity for reform of health insurance and health care system. Health insurance and health care reform should be an extremely revolutionary content that completely changes the framework. This reform should deal with the philosophy of health, approach of medical education and doctor training, changing supply of medical service, the innovation of primary medical care, reform of public health system, the management of medical utilization, the integration of medical cure and care services, enhancing the benefit coverage, prohibition of covered and non-covered services, etc. Therefore, it is urgent to form a consensus on the necessity of reform, to establish the health insurance plan on this consensus, and to make efforts to make health insurance sustainable.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.10
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• pp.63-84
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• 2010

This essay examines how the figure of Liberty has been refashioned in the streets of post-apartheid South Africa, addressing three public art works installed in Johannesburg over the past decade: Reshada Crouse's oil painting Passive Resistance, Marlene Dumas' tapestry The Benefit of the Doubt and William Kentridge's and Gerhard Marx's sculpture Firewalker. Even as these monumental works all reprise Delacroix's Liberty on the Barricades-an icon of the city street and its revolutionary barricades-so too this trio of Liberties have become mere phantoms of their vaunted archetype. Haunted specters, they quarrel with the mythologized chimera of Liberty, taking issue with the fraught tradition of pinning regime change onto the body of the female nude. Drawing instead on South African histories of women's resistance, in which female nudity has been repeatedly marshaled as a form of dissent, the Liberties circling Johannesburg hybridize their European template with local traditions of female political opposition to colonial and postcolonial male authority.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 1972

When one speaks of a concrete ship, most people have an impression of heavy solid rough edged masses of concrete very unlike anything floatable. In the form represented by what is called "MRC", concrete does, however, become light, homogeneous, elastic, resilient, and above all strong still retaining the basic benefit of inexpensive well known concrete properties. The fundamental principal behind this material as a new shipbuilding material is based on the development of "ferro-cement" in the early 1940s by an Italian Engineer Pierre Luigi-Nervi. The "MRC" or Mesh Reinforced Cement has been studied by Korea institute of Science and Technology in connection with a research project "The Small Ship Construction Utilizing Domestic Materials And Its Economic Analysis," of which reports have been issued previously. In this exporsition, some of the basic qualities of "MRC" are discussed in general terms.