• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2009

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzhemier's disease. Neuropathologically, PD is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. The neuronal toxicity of cytosolic excess dopamine (DA) has been described in many studies using several cell lines. In dopaminergic neurons, cytosolic excess DA is easily oxidized via monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B, tyrosinase or by auto-oxidation to produce neurotoxic metabolites such as DA quinone. So, in the present study, we induced cell death by treatment of DA ($600{\mu}M$) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell which was treated samples before 24 hr, and cell viability was measured by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACs) analysis. Of those tested, the extracts of Poria cocos (赤茯笭)(whole), Gastrodia elata (rhizomes), Eucommia ulmoides (炒)(barks), Syneilesis palmata (whole), Acorus gramineus (rhizomes), Ligustrum japonicum (leaves) showed neuroprotective effects in dose dependent manner.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2019

Cylindrocarpon destructans causes ginseng root rot and produces radicicol that has an antifungal effect. In this study, we developed a method to detect this fungus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Secreted proteins of C. destructans were used as antigens to obtain C. destructans-specific IgG from mouse. Out of 318 monoclonal antibodies generated from mouse, two antibodies (Cd7-2-2 and Cd7-2-10) showed highest specificity and sensitivity. Indirect ELISA using both antigens successfully detected C. destructans in soils, but direct ELISA using IgG conjugated with horseradish peroxidase failed to detect antigens in soils. The indirect ELISA developed here can efficiently detect the fungus and help manage ginseng root rot disease in fields.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 2022

Ceratocystis wilt disease has caused significant mortality in duku (Lansium domesticum) since 2014 and has now spread to all districts in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Recently, 16 isolates from duku representing populations from various districts in South Sumatra were isolated. Analysis for the morphological characteristic of the isolate showed that the population has a uniform morphology. Genetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin sequences verified that the population has being dominated by the ITS5 haplotype of Ceratocystis fimbriata and a new ITS group, the ITS7b haplotype that was localized in Musi Banyuasin. Both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to duku. Inoculation tests on various forest and agroforestry plant hosts showed that both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to Acacia mangium, moderately pathogenic to Acacia carsicarpa, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Melaleuca cajuputi, but weakly pathogenic to Dyera costulata, Hevea brasiliensis, and Alstonia scholaris. Therefore, this pathogen becomes a serious threat to Indonesia's biodiversity due to its ability to infect forest and agroforestry plants, especially the indigenous ones.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2023

Plus tree selection is the essential first step in a tree improvement program. This study was carried out to select plus trees of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) for tree improvement in Korea. The candidate plus trees of black locust were selected from twenty-one places in the four provinces (Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong and Gyeongsang) following comparison selection. The trees were examined for qualitative and quantitative traits of economic interest like tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), clear bole height (CBH), stem straightness (SS), crown size (CS) and disease resistance. The 64 selected trees showed higher quality in growth characteristics than control trees. Average of height, DBH, CBH, SS and CS were 20.5 m, 31.1 cm, 10.1 m, 1.2 and 5.2 m respectively. In particular, it was shown that the growth characteristics were higher in Chungcheong population. The superiority percentage of selected candidate plus trees of black locust over their respective check trees ranged from 7.3% to 18.9% in height, 20.0% to 40.6% in DBH, 32.8% to 73.5% in CBH, 42.9% to 55.2% in SS and -11.1% to 9.4% in CS, respectively. The selected black locust will be useful in future tree breeding programs based on their clonal and progeny performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 1981

The study was conducted during 1975-1980 to evaluate the performance of several herbicides in controling alternate host, Pedicularis spp., of white pine blister rust disease in forest stands. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. It was found that Roundup was effective and most suitable herbicide in the fosest stands except that it accompanied some chemical injuries to neighboring plants. 2. As for the reduction density on the plot treated with Roundup was 100% and 65-91% respectively when investigated one and two years after its treatment on Pedicularis spp. 3. Another four chemicals, 2.4-D, Gramoxone, 2.4. 5-T and Para-col killed stems and leaves of Pedicularis spp. at the year treated, but appeared again next spring. 4. Eradication effectiveness in terms of spraying season was proved to be that late August was better than late May or June.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 2010

Recently, the oak wilt diseases especially on Quercus mongolica, have been increasing in various districts of Korea. A collection of 38 strains of the oak wilt pathogen Raffaelea qeurcus-mongolicae and R. quecivora isolated from Quercus spp. in Korea and Japan was characterized by $\beta$-tubulin gene sequence and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. In cluster analysis based on $\beta$-tubulin gene sequence the strains were divided into 4 clusters, of which clusters 2 and 4 were composed of Japanese strains except for one Korean strain. RAPD analysis showed that they were also effectively differentiated by a strong RAPD fragments. On the basis of the two genetic analysis, significant differences were detected between Korean strains and Japanese strains.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.295-298
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• 2014

Oak wilt caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae was first noticed in South Korea in 2004 and, ever since, its distribution and damage have been increasing. To screen a fungicide effective for oak wilt control by tree injection, laboratory and field experiments were conducted. Ten fungicides and one antibiotic were examined in vivo for their effectiveness in restricting the growth of R. quercus-mongolicae and R. quercivora (Japanese oak wilt pathogen) isolates. To the Korean isolates of R. quercus-mongolicae, chlorothalonil showed the highest fungicidal effects, followed by benomyl and propiconazole. To the Japanese one, propiconazole was highest in the fungicidal effectiveness, followed by benomyl and bitertanol. Propiconazole was selected for field-testing of its control efficacy because it showed good fungicidal effects in vitro and systemic activity. The control efficacy in the field was 87.5% in the first year of injection and 66.7% in the second year, indicating the fungicidal effects last at least over one year.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2005

In 2003 to 2005, the root rot of Japanese angelica (Aralia elata) was surveyed in nursery beds of Korea, where incidence of the disease often reached up to 100%. Three isolates were obtained from the infected roots, and identified as Phytophthora cactorum on the basis of cultural, morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. The isolates were characterized by having markedly papillate and broadly ovoid deciduous sporangia. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was at $25^{\circ}C$ on V8 juice agar. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by soil mixture inoculation. Approximately 900 bp of ITS rDNA was amplified from all 3 isolates and band pattern of restriction fragments observed by Alu I, Msp I, and Taq I digestion also supported the result of the morphological identification when compared with PhytID database.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1982

Powdery mildew has been observed on the several clones of Populus euramericana, P. deltoides, P. deltoides ${\times}$ P. maximowiczii in the nurseries of Chuncheongan-do and Kangwoen-do forest Research Institute in mid-October 1982. Powdery mildew fungus of Populus spp. was identified as phyllactinia guttata(Waller. ex Fr.) $L{\acute{e}}v$ which was reported as the powdery mildew fungus of Populus tomentosa Carr. Powdery mildew of Populus spp. caused by this fungus has not previously been reported in Korea. When we surveyed the occurrence of powdery mildew disease the leaves of P. deltoides R-89 were severely attacked by this fungus.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.2
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• pp.258-266
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• 2023

Pine wilt disease is caused by the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and has killed many pine trees in Europe and Northeast Asia, including South Korea. Resistance to pine wilt disease varies among species. Previous studies were mostly conducted in nature or greenhouses and only a few in test fields. In this study, seedlings of six pine species (Pinus thunbergii, P. koraiensis, P. densiflora, P. parviflora, P. rigida × P. taeda, and P. strobus) were artificially inoculated by pine wood nematodes in the test field. The Wilt Index was measured every 2 weeks after inoculation in addition to the mortality rate, detection rate, and pine wood nematode concentration measurement after 24 weeks. The pine wilt disease mortality rates were P. thunbergii (80%), P. koraiensis (77.8%), P. densiflora (62.5%), and P. parviflora (22.0%), and both P. rigida × P. taeda and P. strobus survived. The pine nematode detection rates were the same among the species except for P. rigida × P. taeda pine (22.2%). High Wilt-Index values were obtained for P. thunbergii, P. koraiensis, and P. densiflora, which had mortality rates higher than the other species. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the Wilt Indexes between P. parviflora, P. rigida × P. taeda, P. strobus, and the control group. Statistically, P. thunbergii and P. koraiensis showed high susceptibility to pine wilt disease, P. densiflora and P. parviflora showed moderate susceptibility, and P. rigida × P. taeda and P. strobus showed apparent resistance. These results provide basic data for pine wood nematode resistance breeding or as evidence of the need for afforestation of P. rigida × P. taeda and P. strobus.