• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.145-165
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to suggest strategies and solutions for entering China in the tariff and non-tariff sectors of the cosmetic industry. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed the import tariff rate of cosmetics in China, and analyzed the export cost by actually interviewing the exporting companies to derive the economic effect of non-tariff measures. Findings - First, We proposed the use of the FTA business model (basic cosmetics), the use of Korea-China FTA tariffs (foam cleansing, toothpaste), and the use of APTA tariffs (perfume). Second, We proposed cooperation between the governments to facilitate customs clearance procedures and improvement of FTA awareness among corporate practitioners. Third, We proposed the expansion and support of the AEO MRA system and the expansion of Korea-China MOU conclusions regarding the certification system, and the international standardization of domestic licensing system and technical conditions. Fourth, We proposed the use of government-supported projects related to obtaining overseas certifications and overseas expansion through collaboration with the same industry. Research implications or Originality - HS3304 products excluded from the Korea-China FTA should take full advantage of the FTA business model. In addition, the non-tariff measure costs are fixed costs per year, so the ratio decreases as the number of exports and export volume increases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.462-468
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• 2009

Purpose: The liposuction has been generalized & undergone in the field of plastic surgery and it has had a great influence on fat graft. But despite of liposuction and fat injection being performed widely, we did not focus on complication associated with donor site. So we reported satisfactory result with the intraoperative sustained limited expansion & direct closure to donor site tissue necrosis after liposuction and analyzed the cause & measures of donor site necrosis with the literature investigation Methods: From November 2007 to June 2008, we treated four cases of tissue necrosis and infection surrounding the thigh and forearm. Necrosis after liposuction was 1 case, donor site necrosis after fat injection were 3 cases and MRSA was detected in 2 cases. first, we debrided the necrotic tissue and treated with potadine gauze soaking dressing & susceptible antibiotics. After confirmation of healthy granulation tissue, we used intraoperative sustained limited expansion and closed directly of defect & observed the results. Results: The patient was displeased and worried with the unexpected damage concerning the donor site and the procedure concerning time and financial exhaustion, but after confirming no contracture of the scar tissues and only a thin or slightly widened line of scar, showed satisfaction. Conclusion: Because it is fastidious to avoid donor site complication after liposuction & fat injection, enough explanation and understanding on possible complication to donor site are necessary and careful surgery procedure & materials are required. But if donor site necrosis were occurred although close consideration of possible causes of necrosis, we should think about not only wound healing process but also the sequela like scar contracture & cosmetic effect and treat the most adequate method to satisfying both concerns.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.5-40
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• 2009

2008년 6월 현재 전국의 노인요양시설 충족률은 96.4%로, 장기요양인프라 확대정책은 양적인 측면에서 가시적인 성과를 이루었으나 여전히 시설 인프라의 부족, 지역적 편중, 정부의 책임성 저하 등 정책집행의 실효성 문제가 지적되고 있다. 본 연구는 장기요양보장 인프라 확대정책의 집행과정과 이에 영향을 미친 요인을 규명하여 정책집행과정에서 나타난 문제점을 살펴보고 향후 인프라 확대정책의 발전방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 연구방법은 중앙정부가 수립한 인프라 확대정책을 확인하기 위해 문헌을 검토하였고, 지방정부차원의 실질적인 집행과정을 살펴보고자 K도, C시, C시 내 노인요양시설 4곳을 대상으로 사례연구를 진행하여, Alexander(1985)의 분석틀로 정책집행의 영향요인을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 정책목표의 명확성과 적절성, 서비스 공급주체의 성격, 정부 간 역할과 책임 등 정책변수와 재정부담 및 예산배정 의지, 예산의 신속한 집행 및 절차의 간소화, 재량권, 집행기관 간 상호관계 등 집행변수가 정책집행의 주요 영향요인으로 나타났다. 이에 지역 실수요를 기초로 한 시설필요도 산출, 민간참여에 대한 보완 등 몇 가지 정책개선과제를 제언하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.155-169
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• 2015

As an essential means to the exploitation of new demands, the export of agri-food has the price-supporting effect on the domestic agri-food and its expansion can be a good way to increase farms' income. Of course, to enhance farms' income under the liberalization of the market, it is necessary to have countermeasures considering various factors. To this end, the study understood the experiences of farms doing exports and looked into ways to improve them by reviewing their motivations to export, difficulties, requirements, etc. In this context, the study conducted the purposive sampling among tomato export farmhouses in Jeongseon-gun in the export enforcement phase and executed the theme analysis. The research findings and suggestions are as follows. First, in order to enhance the level of commercialization of Jeongseon-gun tomatoes and reinforce the trade bargaining power, it is necessary to form the consensus on policy and make the scaling of the site based on the strong organization power. To this end, it requires the active role of agricultural cooperatives that take a big portion of distribution in the site and distribute its profits directly to farmhouses. Second, it is necessary to set clear target markets for Jeongseon-gun tomato export farms and set sales strategies for each target market. That is, in order to expand the export of Jeongseon-gun tomatoes, after clarifying local sales and export sales, export farmhouses should focus on quality management and secure the quantity for export. Third, to expand the export to Japan which already has the foundation for the export of Korean tomatoes, and to new export countries of China, Russia, etc., it is necessary to set the 'Two-Track Strategies for Export Market (particular item for focus and particular area for focus)' through the building of network of tomato export areas in Gangwon-do. In conclusion, to expand the export of Jeongseon-gun tomatoes, agricultural cooperatives and leaders together should build the strong organizational power with farmhouses and secure the quantities for export. And, according to the 'Two-Track Strategies for Export Market (particular item for focus and particular area for focus)', export infrastructure and export operational system should be built and to do so, the solidarity of tomato export farmhouses in Gangwon area should precede.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2013

본 연구는 디지털방사선장비에서 자동노출제어장치 사용 시 초점-검출기간의 거리, 관전압, 구리필터의 조합을 이용해 환자의 피폭을 감소하고자 시행 하였다. 경추, 요추측면검사, 두개골 전후검사법을 대상으로 관전 압은 60~100 kV, 초점-검출기간의 거리는 100~200 cm으로 변화시키고 구리필터를 추가하면서 입사선량을 측정하고 영상을 평가하였다. 입사선량은 경추측면검사에서 90 kV, 0.3 mmCu, 200 cm일 경우에 0.06 mGy, 요추측면검사에서는 100 kV, 0.3 mmCu, 200 cm일 경우 0.40 mGy, 두개골전후검사에서는 90 kV, 0.3 mmCu, 140 cm일 경우 0.24 mGy로 가장 낮았다. 입사선량은 0.1 mmCu, 150 cm, 70 kV (경추측면검사), 81 kV (요추측면검사)로 변화 시켰을 경우에 가장 큰 폭으로 감소했다. 초점-검출기간의 거리가 늘어날수록 영상의 확대가 줄었고 180 cm 이상에서는 차이가 적었다. 두개골전후검사에서는 80 kV, 0.1 mmCu, 120 cm으로 변화했을 경우에 입사선량이 가장 많이 감소했다. 따라서 자동노출제어장치를 사용할 시 영상의 품질을 고려한 범위에서 최대한 높은 관전압을 사용하고 초점-검출기간의 거리는 검사실의 구조, 방사선사의 신체조건을 감안하여 선 검사대(Wall)에서는 150~200 cm, 누운 검사대(Table)에서는 120~140 cm으로 늘리고 0.1~0.3 mm Cu의 부가필터를 적절히 조합하여 사용하는 것이 영상의 왜곡 방지와 입사선량을 감소시켜 환자의 피폭을 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.137-151
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• 2007

Posbist reliability of typical systems is preliminarily discussed in Cai (1991). In this paper, we focus on the posbist reliability analysis of some typical systems in depth. First, the lifetime of the system is dealt as a fuzzy variable defined on the possibility space (U, ${\phi}$, $P_{oss}$) and the universe of discourse is expanded from (0, $+{\infty}$) to ($-{\infty},\;+{\infty}$). Then, a concrete possibility distribution function of the fuzzy variable is given, i.e., a Gaussian fuzzy variable. Finally, posbist reliability of typical systems (series, parallel, series-parallel, parallel-series, cold redundant system) is deduced. The expansion makes the proofs of some theorems straightforward and allows us to easily obtain the posbist reliability of typical systems. To illustrate the method a numerical example is given.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

In this study, supervision resides fire mission against problems associated with case studies and surveys done through the side of the field work, technical personnel, fire management, including fire code aspects classified into three kinds of items dealt with the issue. Started at the scene of the problem in terms of performance, the issue of the construction process, mainly dealt with the issue at the time of completion. Fire management side, supervisor of technical personnel, human resources management issues, contract issues, fire code level, the frequent revisions of fire regulations, supervision, processing delays of the resulting report, the problem resides with the expansion of Fire Supervision target was mentioned. Finally, the target for each hierarchical supervision, and resident supervisor of the need for supervision of work performance test was carried out by the correlation.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to illuminate the influence happened by the process of acquirement of professional cooking skills related to satisfaction with duty of hotel cooks according to the development and expansion of the food service industry. First, interaction with colleagues, working environment, accomplishment of duty, satisfaction of duty etc. have a big effect on improvement of cooking skills, that is, acquirement and accumulation of cooking skill. Therefore, it's confirmed that improvement of skill can be promoted if we focus on this kind of factors and meet more positively. Second, field education training should be operated professionally with systematic education training. Third, duty rotation has an effect on skill advancement. It can be interpreted that oppressive feelings caused by ability, skill, knowledge, human relations etc. which is required in new business related to frequent change of the business in one's charge can have an effect on duty satisfaction. It's considered that comprehensive and in-depth study should be accomplished in future concerning duty rotation, field training.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2008

The focus of this research is that the scavenging aspect of in-cylinder is visualized by the PIV method and its characteristic is analyzed so that the scavenging performance of the free piston hydrogen fueled engine can improve with loop scavenging. As the results, the piston of convex type shows the best scavenging performance among the presented pistons. In case of the abnormal expansion, the scavenging of area between cylinder head and cylinder wall doesn't operate well.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2007년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.375-376
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• 2007

This paper proposes an algorithm for rejecting mismatched points (known as outliers). The proposed algorithm identifies and rejects outliers in image pairs obtained under automobile-like motions which consist of two translations and one rotation. The camera rotation is approximated to the image shift by assuming that the narrow field of lens is used. The voting method estimates the focus of expansion (FOE) while shifting one of the images. Using the properties of the FOE, the outliers are rejected while most of the inliers are retained.