• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1691-1703
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• 2015

When constructing tunnels, it is important to understand structural, geological and hydrogeological conditions. Geumgeong tunnel that has been constructed in Mt. Geumjeong for the Gyeongbu express railway induced rapid drawdown of groundwater in the tunnel construction area and surroundings. This study aimed to analyze groundwater flow system and baseflow using long-term monitoring and groundwater flow modeling around Geumgeong tunnel. Field hydraulic tests were carried out in order to estimate hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storativity in the study area. Following the formula of Turc and groundwater flow modeling, the annual evapotranspiration and recharge rate including baseflow were estimated as 48% and 23% compared to annual precipitation, respectively. According to the transient modeling for 12 years after tunnel excavation, baseflow was estimated as $9,796-9,402m^3/day$ with a decreasing tendency.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2021

Venturi tube is based on turbulent flow, whereby the microbubbles can be generated by the turbulent fragmentation. This phenomenon is common in several venturi bubblers used by the nuclear, aerospace and chemical industries. The first objective of this paper is to study the liquid-phase velocity field experimentally and develop correlations for the turbulent quantities. The second objective is to research velocity field characteristics theoretically. Stereoscopic PIV measurements for the velocity field have been analyzed and utilized to develop the turbulent kinetic energy in the venturi tube. The tracking properties of the tracer particles have been verified enough for us to analyze the turbulence field. The turbulence kinetic energy has a bimodal distribution trend. Also, the results of turbulence intensity along the horizontal direction is gradually uniform along the downstream. Both the mean velocity and the fluctuation velocity are proportional to the Reynolds number. Besides, the distribution trend of the mean velocity and the velocity fluctuation can be determined by the geometric parameters of the venturi tube. An analytical function model for the flow field has been developed to obtain the approximate analytical solutions. Good agreement is observed between the model predictions and experimental data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2016

A large eddy simulation (LES) of a turbulent channel flow is performed by using the third order low-storage Runge-Kutta method in time and second order finite difference formulation in space with staggered grid at a Reynolds number, $Re_{\tau}=590$ based on the channel half width, ${\delta}$ and wall shear velocity, $u_{\tau}$. To reduce the calculation cost of LES, algebraic wall model (AWM) is applied to approximate the near-wall region. The computation is performed in a domain of $2{\pi}{\delta}{\times}2{\delta}{\times}{\pi}{\delta}$ with $32{\times}20{\times}32$ grid points. Standard Smagorinsky model is used for subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling. Essential turbulence statistics of the flow field are computed and compared with Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data and LES data using no wall model. Agreements as well as discrepancies are discussed. The flow structures in the computed flow field have also been discussed and compared with LES data using no wall model.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2016

Fischer-Tropsch 반응기 내 복잡한 반응과 흐름을 상세히 모델링하는 것은 CFD 분야에 있어 도전적 과제이다. Fischer-Tropsch 반응은 여러 가지 탄소수를 가진 탄화수소들을 만들어내는데, 탄화수소에는 무수히 많은 이성질체가 존재하는 이유로 모든 화학종에 대해서 각각의 반응속도식을 도출해 적용하는 것은 어렵다. 이의 극복을 위해 기존 연구들에서 사용된 반응속도식 모델링 방법론들을 분석한 뒤, 화학종별 상세한 반응속도식 적용을 위해 non-Anderson-Schulz-Flory 방법론을 선정하여 상세 모델링을 진행하였다. 또한 반응 특성상 다상 흐름 형태를 띠는데, 다상 흐름 모델링의 경우 상간의 간섭이나 분산상의 분포 및 유동 형태 등에 따라 적합한 모델링 방법론이 다르다. 그러나 기존 연구들에서는 타당성에 대한 논의나 근거 제시 없이 각양각색의 내부 흐름 모델링 방법론이 사용되고 있다. 실험을 통해 내부 흐름 형태를 관찰한 뒤 유동 형태에 따른 모델링을 진행하는 것이 최선이나, 자원 여건상 어려움이 있어, 본 연구에서는 전통적인 유체역학 이론에 근거해 내부 흐름 형태를 먼저 추론하고 Mixture 모델 방법론을 선정하여 체계적인 CFD 모델링을 진행함으로써, 사용된 방법론에 대한 근거를 마련하고자 하였다. 10가지 실험조건에서 진행한 실험 결과와 본 연구의 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교하였으며, 이를 통해 본 연구가 제안하는 체계적 모델링 방법론의 타당성을 입증하였다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify research topics in the emergency medical technician (EMT) field and examine research trends. Methods: In this study, 261 research papers published between January 2000 and May 2022 were collected, and EMT research topics and trends were analyzed using topic modeling techniques. This study used a text mining technique and was conducted using data collection flow, keyword preprocessing, and analysis. Keyword preprocessing and data analysis were done with the RStudio Version 4.0.0 program. Results: Keywords were derived through topic modeling analysis, and eight topics were ultimately identified: patient treatment, various roles, the performance of duties, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, triage systems, job stress, disaster management, and education programs. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it is believed that a study on the development and application of education programs that can successfully increase the emergency care capabilities of EMTs is needed.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2005

도심지 지하철 및 산악 터널의 굴착과 관련한 지하수유동 해석 및 환경 영향 평가를 위해 3차원 유한 차분 모형인 MODFLOW가 널리 이용되고 있는 추세이다. 수치해석 결과는 일반적으로 경계조건, 초기조건, 개념 모델 설정 및 수리 물성치 등에 의해 차이가 난다. 따라서 대상 해석 영역의 실제 상황을 반영한 지하수 모델링은 매우 중요하다. 일반적으로 지하수 유동 해석과 관련한 많은 경우, 경계 조건 설정보다는 수리 물성치의 결정에 어려움이 많으며, 이는 제한된 조사나 실험 결과로부터 전체 대상 영역의 매질을 결정하기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 모의 담금질(SA : Simulated Annealing) 기법을 활용하여 지반 조사 자료, 특히 물리탐사 결과 이미지와 제한된 개소의 수리 전도도 자료를 병합하여 수리 매질들을 실현시켰다. 지구통계학적 등가 매질들을 대상으로 하여 수리 전도도의 불확실성을 고려한 지하수 유동 해석을 수행하였다. 지하수 환경 영향 평가 및 터널 내 유입 지하수 문제에 있어 수리 전도도의 불확실성을 고려함으로써 확률론적 접근이 가능하였다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2013년도 제46회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.59-60
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• 2013

Rotary kiln furnace is one of the most widely used gas-solid reactors in the industrial field. Although the rotary kiln is a versatile system and has different size, approach to the reactor modeling can be generalized in terms of flow motion of the solid and gas phase, heat transfer and chemical reactions on purpose. In this paper, a performance analysis example case of axial direction direct flame rotary kiln is introduced.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2929-2934
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• 2007

Prediction methods for cavitation noise are presented. At first, direct numerical simulation of cavitating flow noise has been performed, and acoustic analogy equation based on the cavitation noise modeling is derived. For the direct numerical simulation, a density based homogenous equilibrium model is employed to simulate cavitating two-phase flow and the governing equations are solved with high-order numerical schemes to resolve cavitation noise. The compressible Navier-Stokes equations for mixture fluids are discretized with a sixth-order central compact scheme, and the steep gradient of flow variables and supersonic regions are treated with the selective spatial filtering technique. The direct simulation of cavitating flow noise is performed for a 2D circular cylinder at cavitation number 0.7 and 1. The far-field noise is also predicted with the derived analogy equation. Noise spectrum predicted with the equation is well compared with the result of direct numerical simulation and also agree well with the theory.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1135-1138
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• 2003

ERFs(Electrorheological Fluids) arc a complex system consisting of polarizable particles and insulation liquid. When an external electric field is applied to ERFs, its apparent viscosity increases dramatically. This phenomenon is called the ER effect. Generally, the behavior of ERFs has been modeled on those of Bingham fluids. But the behavior of ERFs differs from those of Bingham fluids in many respects. In the paper, ER effect concerning flow mode of ERFs is analyzed experimentally. According to several flow conditions, the change of ER effect is presented and visualized. A new modeling methodology of ER effect to reduce the modeling error is presented.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.491-496
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• 2000

The physics of the flow field surrounding an engine nacelle afterbody is very complex. A high pressure jet from the nozzle interacts with the external flow and causes upstream influence on the afterbody surface field. At certain conditions, the nozzle boundary layer can separate, either by shock wave interaction or by adverse pressure gradient effect, resulting in a severe drag penalty. Furthermore, a finite afterbody base implies a recirculating flow region. A flow modeling method has been developed to analyze the flow in the annular base(rear-facing surface) of a circular engine nacelle flying at subsonic speed but with a supersonic exhause jet. Real values of exhaust gas properties and temperature are included.