• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.422-427
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of the number of acquisitions (NEX) on signal-to-noise (SNR) and artifacts in SENSE parallel imaging of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 3.0T MR System, 8 Channel sensitivity encoding (SENSE) head coils were used along with an in-vivo phantom. Reference sequence of 3D fast field echo (FFE) was consisted of NEX values of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. The T2 turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence used for exams achieved SENSE factors of 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8 and 4.0. Exams were conducted five times for each SENSE factor to measure signal intensity of the object, the posterior phase-encode direction and frequency direction. And SNR was calculated using mean values. SENSE artifacts were identified as background signal intensity in the phase-encoded direction using MRIcro. It was found that SNR increased but SENSE artifacts reduced with NEX of 4, 8 and 12 when the NEX increased in reference scan. It is therefore concluded that image quality can be improved with NEX of 4, 8 and 12 for reference scanning.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2000

This longitudinal study examines the burdens and related factors for stroke patient's primary family caregivers. Sixty-one patients treated for stroke at a general hospital in Chung-nam province and family member caregivers participated in this study from July 28, 1998 to August 1, 1999. Family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the burden scale originally developed by Zarit(1980) and Novak & Geust(1989) and modified by Oh's(1993) for use in Korea. The burden scale instrument consists of five subscales.: financial burden, social burden, physical burden, dependency burden, and emotional burden. Repeated ANOVA and Stepwise multiple regression were used in the data analyses. The results were as follows: The burden mean score was 3.23 in the hospital, 3.26 after hospital release, and 3.27 in the home environment. In the hospital, a patient's degree of cognition, and social support for family caregivers were significant factors affecting the sense of burden felt by family caregivers. After hospital release, the significant factors affecting the sense of burden were the degree to which stroke patients could participate in daily living activities, social support for family caregivers, and changing to a second caregiver. In the home environment, the most significant factor affecting the sense of burden was social support for family caregivers.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2009

This study has been made to examine the basic information, the preferences of material quality, and the demand performance of clothing for underwear materials between atopic patients and non-patients. The measurement tool was a questionnaire. For statistical analysis of data, crosstabs, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test and ANOVA through SPSS for Windows(version 14.0) were used. The results obtained are as follows. The degree of the basic knowledge about clothing materials indicated that women was higher than men. The material decision method and the most considering part in case of selecting underwear products showed difference between men and women. The preference factors for underwear material quality were drawn with the five factors of sense of weight/pliability, lustering/see-through, tactility, and sense of cold and warmth. The preferred underwear material showed difference according to gender, existence and nonexistence of atopic determatitis, and degree of strength of skin itching caused by clothing materials. The demand performances of clothing in case of selecting underwear were drawn with the four factors of hygiene/practicality, skin protection, quality of materials, and aesthetic attribute. The demand performance of underwear showed difference according to gender, existence and nonexistence of atopic determatitis, degree of strength of skin itching caused by clothing materials.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.865-880
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine job competencies for sales training program development to maximize profits in fashion retailing. An empirical online survey was conducted from September to December 2019, and data was collected from 200 salespeople and store managers working in fashion stores. Results were analyzed using frequency analysis, factor analysis, variance analysis, and regression analysis with SPSS 25.0. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, the most important job competencies identified by fashion store managers were: sales sense know-how, customer service skills, and sales person's fashion style sense, product knowledge, fashion marketing and customer management. The job competency factors for sales training programs included empathy with the customer, product knowledge, communications and networking, basic job requirement, and sales skills. These five factors positively influenced the employment intentions and expectations of work performance of graduates. These factors also had a positive influence on the need of sales training program and intention to participate in retraining. Store managers in fashion retail thought the most appropriate period for on-the-job training was either 2-4 days or more than 1 week. The results of this study can be used as a base to develop training programs for job efficiency for salespeople in fashion retailing.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.173-188
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a mother's big five personality factors and playfulness on maternal parenting behavior. The participants consisted of 270 mothers with young children, aged 3-6 years old. The subjects completed questionnaires on IPIP(International Personality Item Pool), PAS(Playfulness Scale for Adults) and Parenting Behavior. The results were as follows. First, regarding the relationships of the mother'personality and parenting behavior, higher levels of neuroticism(N) in the mothers resulted in lower levels of warmth acceptance(W A) in parenting behavior. Higher levels of extroversion(E), openness(O), agreeableness(A), and conscientiousness(C) resulted in higher levels of W A. In terms of the relationships of the mother's playfulness and parenting behavior, higher levels of playfulness resulted in higher levels of W A. and lower levels of permissiveness nonintervention(P N) and rejection restriction(R R). Second, N, E, C, and a maternal sense of humor had an effect in W A. C was found to have an effect in P N and N was observed to have an effect in R R.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of internal characteristics, such as fashion involvement, personality characteristics, and customer orientation of fashion brand salespeople on the core sales tasks, and how the core sales tasks and internal characteristics differ depending on differences in the way salespeople are remunerated. The data were collected as a questionnaire to fashion brand salespeople in Gwangju from September to October 2020. Using 235 responses, the data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The research results were as follows. First, fashion involvement comprises factors such as 'fashion passion and sense'and 'fashion trend interest', and the greater the 'fashion passion and sense', the better the 'sales management'and 'customer relationship management'jobs. Second, 'esthetic openness', 'responsibility' and 'extroversion' of the big five personality characteristics have a positive impact on 'sales management' and 'customer relationship management' tasks. Third, customer orientation comprises factors such as 'customer-centric understanding'and 'gain customer trust', the greater the customer-orientation, the better the 'sales management'and 'customer relationship management'tasks. Fourth, according to the position of the salesperson, the group of professional salespeople at manager level had high responses in core sales tasks, fashion involvement, customer orientation, and characteristics such as 'agreeableness', 'esthetic openness', and 'responsibility'.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2002

Object of this study presents marketing of new market segmentation as what I classify a social stratum, and analyze sense of value about each social class clothes and a taste, but is. The study way used a questionnaire as an investigation study way, and I did execution from September to October in 1999, and the investigation object picked up an any table with the woman university student who lived in Seoul and did investigation, and analysis targeted total 550 people. I used a measurement item of economic capital and cultural capital as a classification item of a social stratum and selected a dwelling, a kind of property, an annual salary of parents as an index of economic capital. Presentation held an occupation of parents, scholarship, culture activity as an index of cultural capital. It is social stratum structure an occupation arranges in 12 job categories by, for your reference, I do a social orbit of the P. Bourdieu which is a French sociologist and an index of inheritance cultural capital, and having set up eight phases of evaluation, and to do a Y, Cultural Capital with X with economic capital. Sense of value about clothes and attitude selected social value, aesthetic appreciation enemy value, authority a few value in sense of value of the 6 type that E. Spranger(1922) presented, and a proposal did type in 3 about clothes. The measurement way used a 11 question item and measured I with five phases of Likert-type criteria and executed factors analysis by main ingredient analysis and varimax revolution law. I named a more than inherent 1 with the liver which was social man, aesthetic appreciation enemy man, an authority enemy with a basis. The results are as follows : People of the group which they belong to the same social class, and there is have a similar taste and select a similar product, and scholarship and an occupation of parents please lay a taste of children and sense of value, a hierarchical difference of attitude too and do it.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine public health nurses for their morale, test the effect of each factor on the morale, determine the variables affecting the morale, and thereby, provide for some basic data useful to the development of personnel affair administration for nurses. The survey on the nurses for public health centers was conducted for 10 days from April 23 to May 2, 2001; 96 nurses from Pusan, 101 from Kyonggi-do and 108 from Kangwon-do. The results of the study are as follows; 1. For the demographic variables, those aged between 31 and 39 accounted for the majority $(50.2\%)$ of the sample. $90.8\%$ was married, and $67.9\%$ of the sample graduated from junior colleges. $29.6\%$ of them had worked for 10-14 years and $62.5\%$ was of the seventh rank. $62.3\%$ of the nurses was recruited, and $59.4\%$ had chosen the public job for its guaranteed status. Half the nurses were working for the county population of which was more than 260 thousands, and $53\%$ of the nurses was serving the public health centers with 11-15 members. $47.3\%$ of them perceived that their living standard is middle or lower. 2. The degree of the moral was found as mean score. 2.65, which is interpreted as low. It has 11 factors. The rank of mean score of the factors is job satisfaction (3.36), sense of belonging (3.36), sense of recognition (3.30), stress due to supervision (3.13), degree of participation (3.05) and self-achievement (3.04), while those scoring lower points were assurance of status (2.58), pay level (2.53), working conditions (2.35) and promotion opportunity (2.31). 3. The degree of moral depending on the demographic variables was significantly affected by such variables as age. academic background, career, rank, employment method, motive for the job, size of the population served and living standards. 4. The result of the Stepwise multiple regression analysis for the morale factors, it was found that self-achievement accounted for $61\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale, followed by stable status $(18\%)$, working conditions $(8\%)$, job requirements $(4\%)$ and promotion opportunities $(2\%)$; these five factors explained about $94.6\%$ of total variance of the degree of nurses' morale. On the other hand. age $(8\%)$ and academic background $(2\%)$ accounted for $10\%$ of the total variance of the degree of morale. 5. The factors affecting nurses' job life was economic need $(26.7\%)$, personnel management $(17.5\%)$, sense of recognition $(13.2\%)$, human relationship $(11.0\%)$, stable status and personal development in rank. On the other hand, the factors influencing on their possible resignation were children's bringing-up $(27.8\%)$, poor personnel management and promotion $(13.3\%)$, workload $(11.1\%)$ and little personal development $(8.9\%)$, Since such morale factors as promotion opportunity, working condition. pay level and stable status scored lower, it is required to reconsider those factors to improve nurses' morale.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was designed to develop and test the Hope Scale for Korean cancer patients. Methods: The process for the development of the Hope Test was a selection of initial items drawn from a literature review and in-depth interviews. The selected items were assessed for content validity by experts. The Hope Scale was comprised of five factors and 30 preliminary items. The preliminary Hope Scale for Korean Cancer Patients (HS_KCP) was administered to 259 cancer patients from one university hospital and one cancer hospital in Busan. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: Eighteen items were selected for the final scale. Five factors (inner sense of control, trust and expectation for recovery of disease, interconnection, spirituality, emotional despair) evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 63.3% of the total variance. The convergent & discriminent validity was r=.83 (p<.001), r=-73 (p<.001). The internal consistency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .88 and reliability of the subscales ranged from .54 to .85. Conclusion: The Hope Scale for Korean cancer patients demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. It can be used to assess the hope of cancer patients and is feasible within a clinical setting.

• 아동학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of advertisement-making activities on young children's language ability and creativity. The subjects of this study were 47 five-years-old children from child care center located in Gwangju City. The collected data were analyzed by idependent t-test using SPSS Program.The results of this study were as follows; First, experimental group which conducted the advertisement-making activities showed significantly higher improvement in sub-factors of language abilities, common sense, comprehension, vocabulary ability, commonness than comparative group. Second, experimental group which conducted the advertisement-making activities showed significantly higher improvement in sub-factors of creativity, fluency, uniqueness, elaboration than comparative group. It means that the advertisement-making activities improve young children's language ability and creativity.