• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 1989

In order to grasp the characteristics of a fishing ground at yeosu bay, the fluctuation in condition of the coast and that in catch by pound nets in the coast were investigated respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The water temperature in spring and summer was higher at the coast side than off shore, but in autumn and winter took the reverse. 2. The salinity was higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn. A lower salinity zone was found at the Dolsan Do coast and higher ones were made off shore. 3. A eddy current was found at the Dolsan Do coast and a thermocline were made at the depth of 30 to 40 m in summer. But in autumn and winter the water became homogeneous. 4. The annual catch by the pound net was highest in 1984 and then decreased gradually. The monthly catch was highest in June and then decreased gradually. 5. The catches seemed to increase with the sea water temperature and salinity, and great catch was shown in 21$^{\circ}C$ to 27$^{\circ}C$ and 33.80% to 34.00%. 6. The component rate of fishes was 28.4% in spanish mackerel, 17.9% in anchovy, 19.5% in horse mackerel, 21.0% in sardine, 7.2% in hairtail, and 1% in common mackerel. 7. The fishes appeared continuously on way of fishing operation were spanish mackerel, hairtail, Yellow talil, crab, etc. An anchovy and sardine were caught mainly from March to July or August, horese mackerel and common mackerel from May to November. but puffer, swell fish, saury and filefish were caught mainly from April to October. 8. The sum of catch was largest in June, at which the wind direction was NE to SSW, the speed below 3.2m/sec, the atmospheric pressure below 1008mb, and precipitation beyond 154mm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.287-298
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• 2000

The charge of distance and the change of tack between paired boats were measured by ship's distance measuring system fixed MCS in the main boat and MS in the following boat. The operating depth of the anchovy boat seine was recorded and analysed by self memory temperature/depth sensor in order to compare the relationship between the distance between towing boats and geometry of the anchovy boat seine net. The results are as follow, (1) When distance between paired boat was 5m, the fishing net was spreaded down deeply and unstably in accordance with bag net and flapper may be help to pass out anchovy school. (2) When distance between paired boat was 100m, vertical opening of the net was gradually increased with higher slope of towing depth in the square, bosom and flapper. Therefore, fishing efficiency could be decreased by preventing the entering of anchovy due to unstable shape of the bag net. (3) When distance between paired boat was 200m, the geometry of the anchovy seine was stable condition with the end of bag net was up while flapper was down and it may cause bad effect in fishing efficiency. (4) When distance between paired boat was 300m, the shape from wing net to bag net was gradually slow down and stable enough as well as good shape in bag net and flapper. (5) The ship's distance measuring system could be used for measurement and accurate control of distance between paired boat in accordance of anchovy recordings by fish finder in order to get higher fishing efficiency in anchory boat seine operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 1991

Mackerel purse seine fishery is one of the most important fisheries in Korea and its annual mean catch from 1982 to 1988 is 350 thousand tons. Between 1982 and 1988, the characteristics of catch at 5 sectors of the sea area was analyzed according to operating sea block and the catch by fishes based on the data obtained from daily report of fishing condition that had been made out by 48 Korean fishing boats engaged in the fishery of purse seine. In these 5 sectors of the sea area, catch per net hauling in the coastal area of Cheju Island is less than that in the other sectors. Accordingly, the shape of fishing gear during operation has been measured to analyzed the deformation of net shape caused by the bottom current. (The lunar calender is used in the paper) The results obtained are as follows; The average CPUE of purse seines is 31.6 tons and it is higher from October to April than that from May to September. In the 5 purse seine fishing grounds, the ratio of net haul in the coastal sea area of cheju Island is 42.4% and it is the highest level, but the CPUE is 25.7 tons which is relatively low level. Each CPUE in the sea areas is significant differences with 1% level. Index of seasonal variation of mackerel CPUE from May to October is lower than the standard value, whereas index from November to January is higher. The diameter of circle by net shooting becomes shorter to the minimum caused by the bottom current during loose set, becomes narrower and the efficiency of fish encirclement becomes lower. The shape of leadline by bottom current becomes long oval type along with current direction in the tight set, while it becomes long oval type in the direction of a right angle to the current direction and the enclosed area is reduced hurriedly, and the deformation of net is most serious in the loose set.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2004

Objective: We investigated the actual condition of oriental medical office in Sub-health Center. Method: We classified patients who visited an oriental medical office in a sub-health center of Jeollanam-do during recent 3 years, according to age, time(year), sex, disease, medical instruments, insurance, living condition... etc and studied statistical researches. Result: Almost all patients who visited an oriental medical office in a sub-health center were in 50, 60s. The number of patients were on the decrease. The number of female patients was 2.4 times more than the number of male patients. The most diseases of patients in sub-health center were diseases in connection with bones and sinews system. Generally, medical instruments depended on acupuncture. Conclusion; These results provide actual informations about condition of oriental medical office in Sub-health Center. Oriental medical doctors and offices of sub-health center are supposed to contribute to society, however essentially many problems exist. Public medical doctors of oriental medicine and local administration must renew their efforts for health of people in farming and fishing villages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.955-964
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• 2022

According to the statistics of maritime accidents statistics that have occurred in Korea over the past five years, maritime accidents caused by fishing boats have increased every year from 1,646 in 2016 to 2,100 in 2020. In particular, of the 378 capsizing accidents that have occurred in the past five years, 252 capsizing accidents of fishing boats account for a high proportion of 66.7%, therefore, it is urgent to come up with countermeasures. In this study, to determine the cause of the capsizing accident of fishing boat No. 66 poongsung, data such as stability and seawater inflow routes were collected, and the effects of waterproof, additional wood decks, and windbreakers on stability on were quantitatively analyzed. Additional decks, windbreakers, and waterproof installed in No. 66 poongsung cause initial list, deteriorate stability, and fail to meet fishing boat structural standards. In addition, it was analyzed that the stability was weakened due to the characteristics of the hull shape of No. 66 poongsung. To estimate the stability at the time of the accident, the stability at the time of the working in the fishing ground condition, amount of seawater inflow according to the change in sea conditions, hull oscillation situation, and change in stability due to the hull factor were calculated. As a result, the minimum GoM was satisfied at the time of working in the fishing ground, but it could not be restored at the maximum wave height of 4 m, and the minimum GoM was not satisfied at the maximum wave height of 4 m owing to the influence of seawater inflow and oscillation due to the hull list. However, the minimum GoM was satisfied if additional decks and windbreakers installation was excluded among the factors affecting the stability of No. 66 poongsung.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.30-46
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• 1992

Korea's first exploratory tuna fishing was done with a used longliner in 1957. Then the commercial fishing has been made steady headway since the 1960's and grown up to one of major tuna fishing countries in 1970's. The tuna fishing aimed primarily at acquiring foreign currency, then tuna was exported directly from the overseas fishing base. Tuna, however, has been gradually favored by Koreans as high-proteined foods according to the growth of GNP since the 1970's. In 1980, the canned tuna began to be produced and sold at home. And so the demand of raw tuna for cannaries has steeply increased not only for home but also for abroad, and stimulated the development of tuna purse seine fishery. The author carried out a study on the development of tuna purse seine fishery in Korea and countries concerned-the United States and Japan-because it is recognized to be significant for the further development of this fishery. Just as purse seining was originated in the United States, so tuna purse seining was also pioneered by Californian fishermen in the west coastal waters of the United States (Eastern Pacific Ocean). They started to produce the canned tuna in the early 1900's, and the demand for raw tuna began to be increased rapidly. In those days, tuna was mostly caught by pole-and-line, but the catch amount was far away from the demand. To satisfy this demand, they began to try out fishing tuna by the use of purse seine which had been born in the eastern waters in the 1820's and applied to catch white fishes in the western waters of the United States in those days. Even though their trial was technically successful through severe trial and error, a new problem was raised on the management of tuna resource and the preservation of porpoise which was occassionally caught with tuna. Then the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) was established by countries neighboring to the United States in 1950 and they set up the Commission's Yellowfin Regulatory Area (CYRA) and regulated the annual quota for yellowfin. Then, American owners tried to send their seiners to the Western African waters to expand the fishing ground in 1967 and to the Centeral-Western Pacfic in 1974, and the fishing ground was widely expanded. The number of the United States' purse seiners amounted to about 150 in 1980, but the enthusiasm was gradually cooled thereafter and the number of seiner was decreased to 67 in 1986. The landing of tuna by purse seiners in the United States after 1980 maintains 200 thousands M/T or so with a little increase despite the decreasing of domestic seiners. This shows that the landing by foreign seiners are increasing, compared with the landing by domestic seiners are decreasing. In Japan, even though purse seining was introduced in 1880, they had fished tuna by longline and pole-and -line until the tuna purse seining was introduced from the United States again. In the 1960's, Japanese tuna seiners made the exploratory fishing in the South-western Pacific and West African waters with a limited success. In 1971, the government-funded research center "JARMRAC" conducted the exploratory fishing which extended to the Central American waters, the Asia-Pacific Region and the South-western Pacific. It had also much difficulties, till they improved the fishing gear adaptable to the new fishing condition in the South-western Pacific. Japanese government has begun to licence 32 single seiners and 7 group seiners since 1980 and their standard has lasted up to now. The catch in the Pacific Islands Region amounted to 160 thousands M/T in 1986. Korea's tuna purse seine fishery was originated in 1971 by Jedong Industrial Co., Ltd. with three used tuna purse seiners purchased from the United States, and they began to fish in the Eastern Pacific, but failed owing to the superannuation of vessel and the infancy of fishing technique. The second challenge was done by Dongwon Industrial Co., Ltd. in 1979, with one used seiner purchased from the United States, and started to fish in the Eastern Pacific. Even though the first trial was almost unsuccessful but they could obtain the noticeable success by removing the vessel to the South-western Pacific in 1980. This success stimulated the Korean entherprisers to take part in this fishery, and the number of Korean tuna purse seiners has been increased rapidly in accordance with the increased demand for raw tuna. The number of vessels actually at work amounted to 36 in 1990 and they operate in the South-western Pacific. The annual catch of tuna by purse seiners amounted to 170 thousands M/T in 1990 and ranked to one of the major tuna purse seining countries in the world.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.27-52
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• 1995

I have outlined the history of Korean Fisheries Co - coperatives and its economic and noneconomic contribution to Korean Fisheries. But in order to overcome new economic world trend that is emerging now with the beginning of the WTO Korean Fisheries Co - operatives should change itself. It can be summarlized as follows. (1) The early Korean Fisheries Co - operatives was monopolized by Japanese under the Japanese colonial rule. (2) The modern Korean Fisheries Co - operatives was organized in 1962. 4. 1 by Korean government. (3) Korean Fisheries Co - operatives was weak in democratic management because of socioeconomic bad condition. (4) In spite of the dependence on the government financial aid Korean Fisheries Co - operatives has contributed to the fisheries development. (5) At the aid of the credit undertaking economic project was enlarged greatly, (6) With the close of the UR talks we cannot but open out fisheries market. So we are in condition that must enforce out fisheries compatability. especially, \circled1 Improvement of fisheries structure to enlarge management scale \circled2 Increase of productivity in fishing ground \circled3 The continuous endeavour to positive marine resourses making (7) Reorganization of fisheries, for example fisheries system or fisheries structure (8) Reexamination of the organization and operation of Korean Fisheries Co - operatives. And taking a proper step to improve their weak points. (9) The strengthening of the activity of investigation and study in centural Fisheries Co - operatives (10) It needs a special study to establish a few target or object in the management of Fisheries Co - operatives. When we could solve these ones mentioned above our fisheries will develop again.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

The policy that do so the Geritol generation with advanced age generation's increase may be not estranged and can human down life is necessary times. The Medical treatment and welfare service is essential, and the aged support domiciliary care facility in the rudiments step more expand must. It is real condition that Kangwon-do's number of closed school appears by many things thirdly in whole country and the post management countermeasure is urgent. Because this research chooses the closed school by way to solve the closed school problem that happen by the child of school age decrease the farming and fishing villages or small city and the shortage problem of old people's welfare facilities by population graying at the same time. There is the purpose to grope practical use the possibility of local closed school as welfare center for the old who stay at home present remodeling to welfare facilities for the old man. Keeping the structure condition of a closed school maximum, the welfare center for the old who stay at home by remodeling a closed school ultimately proposed.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2002

I have been analyzed the marine accidents during 10years(1992~2001) based on the maritime inquire court decision, the results were as follows: 1. The rate of accident occuring were showed fishing boat(69.9%), freighter(12.3%), tanker(4.3%), tug boat(3.8%), passenger boat(2.1%) by the usage. 2. The marine accident had been showed operational fault(67.3%), mishandling of engine equipment(21.7%), meteorological condition, etc(11%) by the reason, most accidents had been occured by the operator fault and rack of experience. 3. The marine accidents had been showed damage of hull and engine(27.5%), collision(24%), foundering(11.3%), fire(3.9%), agrounding(10%), by the kind of accidents. 4. The accidents had been occured (74.6%) at the coastal sea, harbour and (25.4%) at the open sea by the sectors. The accidents of the vessel less than 500ton were much increased (54.3%) also, The accidents were much occured at the time between 0400~0800 hours by the time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2015

According to the catch condition of Scomberomorus niphonius in autumn season affected greatly, the catch price for the set net fishery. Catch production and the selling price were relatively even except 2009 showing a great big blooming jellyfish of Nemopliema nomurai in 2008~2011. The fishing cost of the set net fishery in Yeosu has increased gradually by the decrease of catch production and unexpected environmental change like as jelly fish blooming. The increase of fishing cost diminished net income and caused a negative impact in profitability. The lowest Fisheries ratio of gross profit to gross costs the set net fishery were appeared 60.2% in 2010, respectively. Bycatch was highest in 2008 and lowest in 2009. In general, the bycatch was occurred from May to July every year and when Scomber japonicus was most dominant in the catch price by bycatch had a advantage in the profit side. However, the catch increase of immature small fishes by the bycatch, which will bring about the decrease of fisheries resources. Finally, the present state in set net fisheries will act as a defect on the long-term management of fisheries resources.