• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.622-634
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and altered food preferences of stroke patients. One hundred and forty-six outpatients, who had experienced their first-ever stroke and were admitted to Asan Medical Center between July and December 2000, were studied. Using interviews, we assessed the altered food preferences, food consumption frequency, and other factors influencing the food preferences and food consumption frequency of the subjects. These results were analyzed with 2 t-tests, and multiple regression analysis, using the SPSS package program. Preferences for pork, red fish, coffee, bread and stews were higher in male stroke patients than in females. The frequency of consumption of beef, pork, white fish, red fish, egg, garlic, onion, coffee, instant noodles, bread, and culinary vegetables increased in the male stroke patients more than in the females. Food preferences were influenced by income, risk factors, subjective tastes and location of brain ischemic lesions. Food consumption frequency was affected by food preference, income, drugs, alcohol, marital status, sex, and dysgeusia. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the frequency of consumption of white fish, red fish, eggs, soy milk, milk, garlic, onions, coffee, noodles, bread, bean-paste stew, kimchi, culinary vegetables, and greasy foods were the most affected by each food preference. Our results suggest that food consumption frequency may vary with food preference, income, drugs, alcohol, marital status, sex, and dysgeusia, and nutrition education should be formulated to prevent stroke recurrence based on the food preferences, subjective tastes, and risk factors of individual stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.170-180
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of HCG and trout pitutary on sexual maturation and ovulation in the Korean loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Sexual maturation was observed in the fish treated with 250＋125 IU HCG within 2-4 days following injections. Total ovary weight and GSI were significantly greater in the hormone-treated fish than in the control fish. Furthermore, in the hormone-treated fish body weight increased by about 4-9 percent in 2 days. The water content of the ovulated eggs of the fish treated with 250＋125 IU HCG was also greater than that in the control. Changes in both macroscopic & microscopic appearnce of Korean loach ovaries are describled, as well as changes in the gonadosomatic index. Oocytes pass through seven cytologically changes in the relative stages. By examining these stages, it was found that oogenesis occures in two broad phases. The previtellogenic phasebegins as a new oogonia continues to arise following spawning. These rapidly develop into early perinucleolus oocytes, which in turn develop into resting stage oocytes. Most oocytes remain in this stage when they develop into late perinucleolus oocytes. The vitellogenic phase begins as these late perinucleolus oocytes become transformed into early maturing oocytes through the accumulation of yolk. The cytoplasm completely fills with yolk as oocytes reach the late maturing stage. Shortly before spawning the final hyaline stage of developing is reached. Changes in the microscopic appearances of the ovaries were well correlated with changes in both gonadosomatic index and macroscopic appearance.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.703-719
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to analyze the consumption patterns of animal foods during the sixteenth century through Shamirok. There were eleven animal foods : beef, pork, chicken, pheasant, deer, roe, lamb, bear, fox, sparrow, and horse. The most frequently consumed were in the order of pheasant, doe, and chicken. There were 44 fish consumed, including flatfish, hairtail, mackerel, flounder, kumlin fish, bass, null fish, codfish, and red snapper, as well as four mollusks and six shellfish. Eggs and fish egg were also consumed. These foods were cooked as Tang(湯), Gui(灸), Po(脯), Hoe(膾), and Sookyook(熟肉), or processed after being dried or salted. The animal foods were mostly consumed as Po and Tang in daily eating and for formal dishes. Fish were mostly consumed as Jockgal or Shikhae. The foods were primarily acquired by donation from local officials or relatives ; secondly by independent poultry farming, fishing, or hunting, along with the production of grain and thirdly through barter with rice and textiles. Food were sometimes traded for profit, but such acts of trading while living ; as wartime refugees was a meager means for living.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1984

The Chili fish, one of the most common species of the freshwater fishes, is distributed in the river basins of the western coast of Korea. However, any studies on this fish, especially its development or life history, have not been made so far. The authors, therefore, carried out an experiment to reveal some characteristics of egg develoment and fry in this fish. For accomplshing this study, we caught some adult Chili fish by means of a casting net at raceway in the vicinity of Kunsan in June and July, 1983; then, we injected 0. 1 cc Gonadotrophic hormone 1,000 unit solution (Puberogen) in order to induce the spawning on the abdominal cavity of male and female respectively, Approximately 12 hours after injection, the artificially fertilized eggs by using of the dry method and the naturally fertilized eggs were observed simultaneously in the aquarium ($30{\times}50{\times}70cm$). The fertilized eggs, in spherical shape, were sperative, demersel, adhesive nature and $1.38{\sim}1.59\;mm$ in diameter. The light yellow yolk was opaque and $1.17{\sim}l.27\;mm$ in diameter. The hatching of eggs took place at 29.5 hours after fertilization under the condition of $23.5{\sim}25.0^{\circ}C$ water temperature. Basically there were not found so many different aspects in comparison with the common species of Cyprinidae in the development process of eggs : however, there were a few noticable characteristics, that is, pigment cells, eye balls and blood circulation are invisible, or the velocity of egg development is rapid, seemed similar to the Loach's egg. Newly hatched larvae with the yolk sac (2.39 mm in size) were $3.87{\sim}3.99\;mm$ in total length and their myotome number was expressed as 28+15=43. About 20 hours after hatching, a caudal and a pectoral fin as well as an anus began to orgin. In addition, a few malanophore showed on the upper regin of the yolk sac of the larvae whose size was 4.73 mm in total length. The larvae developed about 5.02 mm in total length, and the median fin fold in the abdomen extended forward to two thirds or beyond of the yolk sac at 50 hours after hatching. Simultaneously, the eye balls and mouth also appeared. After 3 days, the yolk sac nearly disappeared, and the larvae (5.4 mm in total length) with perfect eye balls began to swim for themselves for the first time. Also, the specialization between the gill arches and the ailmentary canal, the development of each fins except dorsal fin as well as the blood circulation obviously distinguished in this stage. The larvae whose total length was 5.68 mm was very brisk: also, the development of the dorsal fin rudiment, nearly perfect formation of each organs and the function of the upper and lower jaws were noticeably observed 5 days after hatching.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.378-382
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• 2000

The effects of bisphenol A (BPA), known as one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), on the hatching of fertilized eggs (FE) and the spawning of adult fish in songsari, Oryzias latipes were investigated. In condition of the experimental groups, incubated water temperature was $25.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and photoperiod was 16 h (light) : 8 h (dark). fE were exposed to aqueous solutions of BPA at nominal concentration of 50, 100 and $200 {\mu}g/l$. The time required in hatching of FE was long in the BPA $50 and 100 {\mu}g/l$ treatment groups when compared to the controls, and in the BPA $200 {\mu}g/l$ treatment group, FE failed to hatch. And also hatching rate was decreased in the BPA treatment groups in comparison to the controls, Adult fishes were reared to oral administration via a diet of 50, 100 and $200 {\mu}g/g$ body weight BPA concentration for 3 weeks, Number of total eggs spawned in the adult fish were fewer in the BPA 100 and 200 treatment groups than in the controls and BPA 50 treatment group. Frequency of abnormal eggs in the total eggs spawned was 11.8 and $16.2{\%}$ in the control and acetone carrier control lower than 36.8, 46,8 and $74.1{\%}$ in the BPA 50, 100 and 200 treatment groups, respectively. And hatching rate of FE decreased in the BPA treatment groups in comparison to the controls. In these results, inhibition of the hatching of FE and the quantity and quality of spawned eggs in adult fish were observed from BPA treatment groups when compared to the controls.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2014

The best spawning timing in a day and the first spawning position of Pseudopungtungia nigra was investigated at the Jujacheon stream in Jinan-gun Jeollabuk-do, Koera from May to July 2009. P. nigra spawned only at the nest of Coreoperca herzi from 7 May to 11 July, 2009. P. nigra spawned at 56 nests among 61 nests of C. herzi, and the spawning of P. nigra started on after 1st or 2nd day spawning of C. herzi. The spawning behavior was dominantly observed at around 06:00 to 07:00 AM, when parental C. herzi males are usually inactive in the territorial defence. The hatching rate of P. nigra eggs was closely related with the parental activity of the guarding C. herzi, and P. nigra deposit their eggs as close as possible to the egg clutches of C. herzi (normally at the perimeter of the clutch), likely to take much of the potential effects from fanning and guarding, as the hosts focus their care on the centre of the egg clutch.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2023

It was in the 1982 that artificial seed production research for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) farming was first conducted in Korea (Currently, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Fish Breeding Research Center). In 1985, fertilized eggs were obtained from natural olive flounder adapted to land tanks, and artificial seed production technology was established and fertilized eggs were distributed. In the late 1980s, halibut aquaculture began to prosper in land-based tank farming in Jeju Island and Busan's Gijang region, where water temperatures are relatively high in winter. Currently, aquaculture is being carried out all over the country, centering on Jeju Island and Wando, Jeollanam-do. However, olive flounder farming, which started with a small group in the 1980s, reduced genetic diversity through inbreeding over generations, resulting in side effects such as slow growth, reduced resistance to disease and environmental conditions. In order to solve these genetic problems of farmed olive flounder in Korea, the Fish Breeding Research Center of the National Institute of Fisheries Science introduced a wild-caught parent fish group to the existing aquaculture group from 2003 to 2004. Genetic diversity was secured and KingNupchi with fast growth and improved body shape was developed. In this study, the current status of breeding technology development of olive flounder, a major aquaculture breed in Korea, is reviewed and future research directions are suggested.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.100-110
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• 2024

Biometric evaluation and reproductive biology of Oreochromis niloticus were studied from Geray Reservoir. Between November 2021 and August 2022, 316 O. niloticus specimens were collected from this reservoir. The observed male to female sex ratio was 1:1.14, which was statistically insignificant compared with the hypothetical 1:1 sex ratio (X² = 1.27, p > 0.05). The length-weight relationship was curvilinear with allometric growth (b < 3) and statistically significant from the expected isometric growth pattern (b = 3). The regression equation for females was TW = 0.0264TL^2.72 (r² = 0.90, n = 168), males (TW = 0.0183TL^2.79, r² = 0.93, n = 148), and combined sexes (TW = 0.0229TL^2.76, r² = 0.91, n = 316). Gonadosomatic index (GSI) ranged from 0.8 to 1.4 (males) and 1.8 to 4.9 (females). The breeding season lasted from March to June, with a GSI peak in April. Fecundity ranged from 279 to 1,528 eggs./fish, with a mean of 1,025 eggs./fish. The correlation between absolute fecundity and length was more significant (F = 0.76TL^2.8, R² = 0.94, p < 0.05) than with weight (F = 17.683TW^0.71, R² = 0.92, p < 0.05). This study provides basic information on the biology of O. niloticus in the Geray Reservoir for future fishery management tools for the conservation and utilization of this valuable freshwater fish.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.260-266
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• 2016

We determined the morphologic characteristics (body weight and abdomen inflation degree) of the mother fish of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus producing the healthy eggs. Experimental fish were chosen from the reared fish in the sea cage for 6 years. The fish were divided into four size groups by body weight: 4.0~5.0, 5.0~6.0, and 6.0~7.0 kg and four stages (I~IV) by the abdomen inflation degree. After hormone treatment, we observed the ovulation amount of induced eggs, rate of buoyant, fertilization, embryonic survival, and hatching. Egg and oil globule diameter was measured. In order to observe gonadal development, we calculated gonadosomatic index (GSI) and conducted its historical analysis. The ovulation occurred from all experimental fishes over 5.0 kg. The rate of buoyant, fertilization, and embryonic survival was the highest in 6.0~7.0 kg. Hatching rate was the highest in 5.0~6.0 kg. Stage I and II did not induce ovulation. GSI was $0.31{\pm}0.10%$ in stage I, $0.74{\pm}0.25%$ in stage II, $4.68{\pm}0.40%$ in stage III and $6.86{\pm}0.12%$ in stage IV. The rate of buoyant, fertilization, embryonic survival and hatching was the highest in stage III.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2017

Although Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is an important commercial species in Korea, its recruitment mechanism remains largely unknown. Diel vertical positioning of larvae in the water column, which is affected by their specific gravity and the surrounding water density, may help to provide an understanding on recruitment success through predator avoidance and prey availability. The specific gravity measurement on Pacific mackerel eggs and larvae would seem to be essential information necessary to learn about the transport process from spawning to nursery grounds, and consequently the recruitment success. Eggs were artificially fertilized, and larvae were fed with rotifer when their mouths opened 3-4 days after hatching. We conducted the experiment using a density gradient water column to measure the ontogenetic changes in specific gravity from fertilization to 10 days after hatching. Egg specific gravity was stable during most of the embryonic period, but a sudden increase to $1.0249g\;cm^{-3}$ happened just before hatching. However, the specific gravity of newly hatched larvae was much lighter ($1.0195g\;cm^{-3}$), and specific gravity tended to increase continuously after hatching. Comparison of specific gravity with seawater density reveals that eggs and newly hatched larvae can float in the surface layer of the ocean. For the later period of the experiment, the specific gravity showed a cyclic diel pattern: the highest in the evening while the lowest at dawn. The fullness of larval stomach may be responsible for the observed differences in specific gravity, because stomach fullness was lower (40-60%) at midnight, and higher (80-85%) in evening. The diel pattern of specific gravity might provide clues regarding how larvae match the diel vertical migration of prey organisms.