• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.170-171
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• 2021

In Korea, the concentration of cities has led to the high-rise and deep-rise of buildings. In the case of such high-rise buildings, there is a high risk of fire, and the number of internal fires expanding to the outside continues to increase. The Korean Building Act continues to change the ban on combustible exterior materials, and combustible exterior materials are currently not available for buildings with three stories or more than 9 meters, and detailed test standards for finishing materials are also strengthened after the Ulsan residential and commercial fires in 2020. However, the path of fire in the actual building is through a series of processes in which the fire in the compartment grows internally and expands through openings supplied with ventilation factors. Therefore, other than just external materials, design criteria for embedded materials also need to be established. The purpose of this study is to compare standards for internal and external materials at home and abroad and to secure basic data for fire safety design of buildings based on them.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2007

Short circuit and ground fault account for the primary causes of electrical fires. In this research, real-scale experiments were conducted to assess the possibility of electrical fires due to these causes. The experiment conditions were identical with an actual fire accident, in which the power cable was supported by an iron fence. The purposes of this research are to investigate the short circuit caused by wire cutting, the conductivity of the iron fence depending on its coating conditions, and the ground fault of one wire or two wires in an effort to reconstruct the fire accident. The test results show that, owing to the instant operation of circuit breaker in the moment of short circuit or ground fault, the generated ignition energy is far less than necessary to start an ignition. Therefore it is concluded that electrical fire is highly unlikely if the electric system is protected by a circuit breaker with normal functions.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.45-46
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• 2018

The fire at the pilotis parking lot shows the fire propagation paths that are propagated to the ceiling materials and insulation materials and propagated through the external walls. In addition, there is a high risk of fire caused by vehicles with high combustion loads spreading throughout the parking lot. In particular, the omission of the ceiling materials at the parking lot in recent fire cases has contributed to the spread of the fire. In this study, the combustion performance of the ceiling materials between the insulation material and the vehicle is considered to prevent fire from spreading. Based on field research, the type of ceiling material used in the piloti structure showed that SMC ceiling materials have the highest percentage. Combustion performance test (KS F ISO 5660-1) was carried out on the SMC ceiling materials and the AL ceiling materials to review the fire safety of the ceiling finish based on the field investigation. The results of the test showed that the SMC ceiling materials has a THR 28.973[MJ/㎡] and peek HRR 273.93 [kW/㎡], while the AL ceiling material has a THR 0.584[MJ/㎡] and peek HRR 15.215[kW/㎡].

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.154-168
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the disaster safety awareness scale for high school students. For this purpose, the previously developed disaster safety awareness scale and related prior research was analyzed. Questionnaire data was collected from March 22 to May 25, 2021 from 1054 students (male: 569, female: 485) in the first, second, and third grades of 5 high schools in 3 cities. Through the process of revising, supplementing, and reviewing the items extracted through preliminary research and preliminary test together with experts and students, a final disaster safety awareness scale consisting of 24 items was developed. This scale consists of four sub-factors: 'disaster prevention', 'disaster response A', 'disaster response B', and 'disaster recovery'. Good reliability and validity were secured through exploratory and confirmatory analyses. The significance of this study is that it laid a basic and objective foundation for high school students' disaster safety awareness research by developing a validated scale in a situation where the development of disaster safety awareness scales for high school students was still insufficient. It can be used as useful data for fire safety education as well as a psychological measurement tool for fostering fire safety awareness.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2016

SLIM AU(A plus U-shaped) composite beam was developed for reducing the story height in the residential buildings, and saving the cosrtuction cost of floor structures. Structural performance and economic feasibility of the composite beam have been sufficiently approved through the structural experiments and the analytical studies. However, the verification for fire safety is necessary for the practical application of the composite beam. The fire resistance tests with and without loading were performed for the fire safety verification, and the test results were summarized in this paper.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.604-609
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• 2003

The fire precautions regulation for Rolling stock in England, France and America concentrate on ensuring of safety in respect of material choosing method and consideration of design. In order to guarantee fire safety in Korean Rolling stocks, it is necessary to establish the fire precautions regulation at the two respects. Korean Standard of product classifies only incombustibility or not. It is not sufficient to classify various materials by testing method for incombustibility of material. Korean Standard to be reserved should be able to cover the smoke density test for small size and classification of the detail grade of material against the reaction to fire

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 보온재의 설치 상태를 고려한 ISO 20632와 NFPA 274 시험 기준에 따른 발열량 산출 결과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 보온재 총 6종(은박 발포폴리에틸렌(PE(S)), 무은박 발포폴리에틸렌폼(PE(N)), 고무발포(Rubber), 일본-폴리에틸렌폼(PE(J)), 일본-폴리우레탄폼(PU(J)) 그리고 일본-스티로폼(ST(J)))에 대해서 EN 13501-1과 화재성장곡선에 따른 난연 등급을 구분하였다. 그 결과 PU(J), PE(J) 그리고 PE(N)는 Class E 및 Ultra-fast, NFPA 274 시험기준에 의한 PE(S)는 Class D 및 Fast, ISO 20632에 의한 PE(S)는 Class C 및 Slow, 그리고 Rubber와 ST(J)는 Class B 및 Slow로 나타났다. 하지만, 난연 등급 평가 기준인 최대 발열량에 대한 시간평균 기울기는 시험 방법에 따라서 동일 보온재에 대하여 다르게 나타났으며, 보다 정확한 원인을 분석하기 위한 기초 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2009

본 논문은 연기감지기의 응답특성을 분석하여 주택용 화재감지기로 적합한지를 분석하고자 광전식연기감지기, 아날로그연기감지기, 단독경보형연기감지기를 시험체로 선정하여 UL 268에서 정하는 화재시험방법을 응용하여 화재성상(종이화재와 인화성액체화재)에 따른 연기감지기의 응답특성을 분석하고자 화재실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 화재성상에 따라 연기감지기의 응답특성 차이가 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

Objectives : Fire needling has been applied as the treatment for various diseases and been getting much attention from Oriental medicine due to its excellent effectiveness as the results of clinical studies have reported. However, the research findings on the safety of treatment method, materials for the Fire needling needle materials and the possibility of burn injury during the procedure are still insufficient. Methods : A thermo imaging camera was used to confirm the temperature distribution on acupuncture needle and the treatment area during the fire needling therapy. Then the degree of thermal injury was observed by H&E stain and TUNEL assay. In addition, in order to assess the safety of acupuncture materials, we conducted MTT assay using a L6 cell line. Results : The average temperature of the skin surface was observed at $47{\sim}51^{\circ}C$ after classic fire needling and $30^{\circ}C$ after warming fire needling. Warming fire needling therapy does not induce a burn on the tissue and a third degree burn was observed locally in the muscle and skin layers after classic fire needling treatment. This confirms that hwa-acupuncture therapies do not cause major burns. According to the safety assessment test result, no cytotoxicity was detected in the warming fire needling materials. This confirms the safety of the acupuncture materials Conclusions : Various research results on the biological safety of fire needling. Since fire needling therapy induces a burn locally without leaving any scar, and as other results indicate, it is considered a safe treatment method.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to understand which type of fire hose should be placed in indoor fireplug box upon analyzing the preparation time between rack-type fire hose and reel-type one. With respect to the type of hose, rack-type stacking method was used and hose preparation time was measured with 5 times of repeat test, separating men and women. Study results reveal that preparation time of reel-type fire hose took longer than that of rack-type one in both men and women. For both rack-type hose and reel-type hose, preparation time by two persons took shorter than that by one man. Also, preparation time by three persons took shorted than that by two women. Preparation time for both rack-type hose and reel-type one by men took shorter than that by women. In summary, it was confirmed that rack-type hose could be prepared within shorter time than reel-type one. Since the size of drum set in the reel-type fire hose is relatively small, it had some difficulty in preparation of fire hose timely.