• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2022

Electric shutters for buildings are being developed in Korea and abroad on a regular basis and can be used in different types of buildings such as company buildings and fire stations, etc. However, the fall risk factors induced by a variety of functions of building electric shutters require safety control. We reviewed the technological trends and legal standards in Korea and abroad, analyzed incident cases, and identified fall risk factors requiring control. We inspected all the building electric shutters in Korea based on the fall risk factors. As a result, we identified 91 noncompliance cases, in 69 percent of all 132 locations. In this study, backed by the inspection results, we suggest a check list to prevent the fall of building electric shutters to ensure safety and conduct verification using a focus group interview.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2023

The aircraft fuel system performs a number of functions such as supplying fuel, transferring fuel between fuel tanks, and measuring the amount of residual fuel in each fuel tank. Since it is a direct cause of fire hazard in crash incident, it is a must to improve survivability of crew members by designing the airframe to tolerate expected crash impact. The civil aviation authority requires intensive verification of the fuel system design to determine precise application of the airworthiness requirement. Research activity on airworthiness certification criteria and verification scheme is still insufficient, although it has a significant importance. In this paper, as part of a study to improve flight safety by developing guidelines for demonstrating fuel system crash resistance, analysis results of fuel system crash-related airworthiness certification standards, verification scheme, and cases study applicable to military rotorcraft have been reviewed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.1188-1191
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• 2021

The function of the black box can be combined with a car to check the video through a cloud server, reduce the hassle of checking the video through a memory card, check the black box image in real time through a PC and smartphone, and check the user's Excel, brake operation status, and handle control record at the time of the accident. In addition, the goal was to accurately identify vehicle accidents and simplify accident handling through artificial intelligence object recognition of black box images using cloud services. Measures can be prepared to preserve images even if the black box itself loses, such as fire, flooding, or damage that occurs in an accident. It has been confirmed that the exact situation before and after the accident can be grasped immediately by providing object recognition and log recording functions under actual driving experimental conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.11B
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• pp.1346-1356
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• 2011

Transportation has been playing important role in our society by providing for people, freight, and information. However, it cuts its own throat by causing car accidents, traffic congestion, and air pollution. The main cause of these problems is a noticeable growth in the number of vehicles. The easiest way to mitigate these problems is to build new road infrastructures unless resources such as time, money, and space are limited. Therefore, there is a need to manage the existing road infrastructures effectively and safely. In this paper, we propose a road reservation scheme that provides fast and safe response for emergency vehicles using ubiquitous sensor network. Our idea is to allow emergency vehicle to reserve a road on a freeway for arriving to the scene of the accident quickly and safely. We evaluate the performance by three reservation method (No, Hop, and Full) to show that emergency vehicles such as ambulances, fire trucks, or police cars can rapidly and safely reach their destination. Simulation results show that the average speed of road reservation is about 1.09 ~ 1.20 times faster than that of non-reservation at various flow rates. However, road reservation should consider the speed of the emergency vehicle and the road density of the emergency vehicle processing direction, as a result of Hop Reservation and Full Reservation performance comparison analysis. We confirm that road reservation can guarantee safe driving of emergency vehicles without reducing their speed and help to mitigate traffic congestion.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

The fire retardant bamboo charcoal (BC) boards were manufactured for interior building materials in this study, The BC boards were manufactured by mixing and pressing of the bamboo charcoal, expanded vermiculite, and inorganic binder. The combustion behaviors of the BC boards were investigated using a cone calorimeter at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/$m^2$. Three building materials (plywood, BC board of Japan, and gypsum board) were used to observe the burning behaviors of weight loss, total heat release rate, and maximum heat release rate. Surface test and toxicity evaluation of the BC board were also conducted. The weight loss of the BC board (12.0%) was lower than the nonflammable gypsum board (15.6%) after burning of 10 min. Total heat release of the BC was 3 MJ/$m^2$ (KS standard 8 MJ/$m^2$) and total heat release rate of the BC was 20 kW/$m^2$ (KS standard 200 kW/$m^2$). Therefore, the BC boards were adjustable for the third-grade flame retardant building materials. External appearance change and mouse toxicity were not found in the BC boards after the combustion test.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.419-432
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• 2019

Most of deep learning model training was proceeded by supervised learning, which is to train labeling data composed by inputs and corresponding outputs. Labeling data was directly generated manually, so labeling accuracy of data is relatively high. However, it requires heavy efforts in securing data because of cost and time. Additionally, the main goal of supervised learning is to improve detection performance for 'True Positive' data but not to reduce occurrence of 'False Positive' data. In this paper, the occurrence of unpredictable 'False Positive' appears by trained modes with labeling data and 'True Positive' data in monitoring of deep learning-based CCTV accident detection system, which is under operation at a tunnel monitoring center. Those types of 'False Positive' to 'fire' or 'person' objects were frequently taking place for lights of working vehicle, reflecting sunlight at tunnel entrance, long black feature which occurs to the part of lane or car, etc. To solve this problem, a deep learning model was developed by simultaneously training the 'False Positive' data generated in the field and the labeling data. As a result, in comparison with the model that was trained only by the existing labeling data, the re-inference performance with respect to the labeling data was improved. In addition, re-inference of the 'False Positive' data shows that the number of 'False Positive' for the persons were more reduced in case of training model including many 'False Positive' data. By training of the 'False Positive' data, the capability of field application of the deep learning model was improved automatically.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.407-417
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• 2024

The objective of this study is to predict and reduce potential damage caused by chlorine gas leaks, a hazardous material, when vehicles transporting it overturn due to accidents or other incidents. The goal is to forecast the anticipated damages caused by chlorine toxicity levels (ppm) and to design effective response strategies for mitigating them. To predict potential damages, we conducted quantitative assessments using the ALOHA program to calculate the toxic effects (ppm) and damage distances resulting from chlorine leaks, taking into account potential negligence of drivers during transportation. The extent of damage from toxic gas leaks is influenced by various factors, including the amount of the leaked hazardous material and the meteorological conditions at the time of the leak. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of damage distances was conducted by examining various scenarios that involved variations in the amount of leakage and weather conditions. Under intermediate conditions (leakage quantity: 5 tons, wind speed: 3 m/s, atmospheric stability: D), the estimated distance for exceeding the AEGL-2 level of 2 ppm was calculated to be 9 km. This concentration poses a high risk of respiratory disturbance and potential human casualties, comparable to the toxicity of hydrogen chloride. In particular, leaks in urban areas can lead to significant loss of life. In the event of a leakage incident, we proposed a plan to minimize damage by implementing appropriate response strategies based on the location and amount of the leak when an accident occurs.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.48
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• pp.407-443
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• 2024

The relationship between finance, natural disasters and epidemics, the Liang Province Rebellion of mostly Qiang ethnic groups, and the occurrence of displaced persons in the Later Han Dynasty, is examined in this article. Also explored is the financial crisis that had started accumulating in the Later Han Dynasty, as well as the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the displacement of the people. It is argued in this research that the financial crisis had an influence on the occurrence. The Yellow Turban Rebellion began in 184, seventeenth year of Lingdi's reign. The rebellion was an incident that occurred due to a complex combination of natural calamities and man-made disasters. Various natural disasters during the Lingdi period, poor measures for immigration, and Lingdi's refusal to accept Yangci and Liu Tao's advice that the immigrants should return home were the direct causes of the Yellow Turban Rebellion. In short, the increase in military spending due to natural disasters and the Liang Province Rebellion caused financial deterioration were the direct causes of the Yellow turban rebellion. The Yellow Turban Rebellion was suppressed in less than a year. Therefore, the Yellow Turban Rebellion itself was not the cause of the collapse of the Later Han Dynasty. It was rather case that the great fire in South Palace in Luoyang, the capital of Later Han Dynasty, in 185, the increase in taxes of 10 qian per mu (畝) to rebuild the palace, the open and compulsory encouragement of the trafficking of official posts, and the exploitation of civil servants, which destabilized the population. Thereupon, rebellions broke out among the people in various places. Therefore, unlike the Yellow Turban Rebellion, the collapse of the Later Han Dynasty should be viewed as primarily the result of man-made calamities rather than natural disasters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.662-671
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• 2015

As the type of Hazardous and Noxious Substances(HNS) becomes various and the transport volume of HNS increases, HNS spill incidents occur frequently on land and the sea. In view of various damages to human lives and properties by HNS spills, it is necessary to educate and train professional personnel in preparation for and response to potential HNS spills. This study shows the current state of response systems and education courses against HNS spill incidents on land and the sea to compare those with each other between land and sea in Korea. Incident command system on land are basically similar to that at sea, but leading authority which is responsible for combating HNS spills at sea is changeable depending on the location of HNS spill, as it were, Korea Coast Guard(KCG) is responsible for urgent response to HNS spill at sea, while municipalities are responsible for the response to HNS drifted ashore. Education courses for HNS responders on land are established at National Fire Service Academy(NFSA), National Institute of Chemical Safety(NICS), etc., and are diverse. Education and training courses for HNS responder at sea are established at Korea Coast Guard Academy(KCGA) and Marine Environment Research & Training Institute(MERTI), and are comparatively simple. Education courses for dangerous cargo handlers who work in port where land is linked to the sea are established at Korea Maritime Dangerous Goods Inspection & Research Institute(KOMDI), Korea Port Training Institute(KPTI) and Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology(KIMFT). Through the comparison of education courses for HNS responders between land and sea, some recommendations such as extension of education targets, division of an existing integrated HNS course into two courses composed of operational level and manager level with respective refresh course, on-line cyber course and joint inter-educational institute course in cooperation with other relevant institutes are proposed for the improvement in education courses of KCG and KOEM(Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation) to educate and train professionals for combating HNS spills at sea in Korea.