• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2011

Objective : The study is to suggest basic data for the expansion and the necessity of the occupational therapy at the day care center for infants with disabilities through investigating actual use and satisfaction of parents who use the day care center for infants with disabilities in Daegu Kyonbuk area. Methods : From May 15 to 29, 2009, 105 parents using the day care center for infants with disabilities were surveyed. Results : Terms of age group, parents using the day care center for infants with disabilities are mostly 30s and 40s. In terms of academic background, there were 58% of secondary school graduates and 38.9% of college graduates. Parents with experiencing 3 years of the occupational theory had 37.1%, which held the largest group. 75% of the objects agreed that infants with disabilities received enough occupational therapy, while they pointed out that the financial burden for therapy would be the major factor in the therapy. Conclusion : In order to provide a qualified occupational therapy in accordance with each individual's purpose at the day care center for infants with disabilities, it would be necessary to expand occupational therapy, to increase the demand for the occupational therapy from parents, and to secure enough number of therapists and financial support from the government and municipalities.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-133
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• 2002

Background : It is very common in Korea to take care of non-acute patients in an acute setting, due to the lack of long-term facilities. Long term hospitalization increase medical expenses and decreases the bed utilization, which can affect the urgent and emergent admissions, and eventually jeopardize the hospital financially. In this study, strategies for effective transfers to the lower levels of care, and to decrease the length of stay were presented by surveying and analyzing the patient's knowledge of the transfer needs, and the willingness to transfer those whose hospital length of stay was more than 30days. Method : The survey is subject to a group of 251 patients who have been hospitalized over 30 days in a general hospital in Seoul. Excluding those that were in the Intensive Care Unit and psychiatric ward, 214 in-patients were used as participants. They were surveyed from April 9, 2002 to April 17, 2002. One hundred and thirty seven out of 214 were responded which made the response rate 64%. Data were analyzed by SAS and SPSS. Result : Multi-variable Logistic Regression Analysis showed a significant effect in medical expenses, knowledge of referral system and the information of the receiving hospital. The financial burden in medical expenses made the patient 10.7 times more willing to be transferred, knowledge of the referral system made them 5 times more willing to be transferred, and the information of receiving hospital makes 6.5 times more willing to be transferred. Reasons for willing to be transferred to a lower level of care were the phase of physical therapy, the distance from home, the attending physician's advice and being unable to be treated as an out patient. Reasons for refusing to be transferred were the following. The attending physician's competency, not being ready to be discharged, not trusting the receiving hospital's competency due to the lack of information, or never hearing about the referring system by the attending physician. Conclusion : Based on this, strategies for the effective transfer to the lower levels of care were suggested. It is desirable for the attending physician to be actively involved by making an effort to explain the transfer need, and referring to the Healthcare Coordinating Center, which can help the patient make the right decision. Nationwide networking for the referral system is the another key factor that may need to be suggested as an alternative to decrease the medical expenses. Collaborating with the Home Health Agency for the early discharge planning and the Social Service Department for financial aid are also needed. It is recommended that the hospital should expedite the transfer process by prioritizing the cost and the information as medical expenses, knowledge of referring system and the information of the receiving hospital, are the most important factors to the willingness to transfer to a lower level of care.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

Although the development of mobile devices are made us a free life, they were displayed the subject of this financial crime and attacking forces in the other side. Among finance-related crime is become a serious crime that are targeting smartphones by SMS phishing, phishing, pharming, voice phishing etc. In particular, SMS phishing is increased according to phenomenon using the nature of a text message in the mobile. SMS phishing is become new crime due to the burden to the smartphone user. Their crime is also the advanced way from the existing fraud, such as making the malicious apps. Especially it generates loopholes in the law by a method such as using a foreign server. For safe from SMS phishing attacks, proactive pre-diagnosis is even more important rather than post responses. It is necessary to deploy blocking programs for detecting SMS phishing attacks in advance to do this. In this paper we are investigating the process of block types and block apps that are currently deployed and presenting the evaluation of the application of the detection block setting app.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1239-1261
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• 2010

The main purposes of the study were to identify factors affecting health-related quality of life of elderly stroke survivors, and to suggest social work interventions for improving their quality of life. The participants were 328 elderly stroke survivors over 55 years old recruited from 18 long-term care hospitals and 13 nursing care facilities in Chung-Nam Province, Korea. The data was collected through a direct survey method from Dec. 16, 2008 to Jan. 17, 2009. Statistical analysis revealed that the overall health-related quality of life among participants was relatively low, especially in the social relationships domain. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression analysis, depression emerged as the most significant predictor of elderly stroke survivors' health-related quality of life, followed by financial burden in future, activities of daily living, acceptance of disability, comorbidity, and major financial supporter(spouse). Health-related quality of life of elderly stroke survivors in long-term care facilities was affected by a variety of variables from disease-related factors to environmental ones. Particularly psychosocial variables were the most powerful factors to predict HRQOL of elderly stroke survivors. Based on the results, social work implications were discussed in the context of developing clinical strategies to alleviate elderly stroke survivors' health-related quality of life in long-term care facilities. Living with chronic illness and disability is a great challenge to the elderly. Most of all long-term residence in care facilities can cause deterioration of quality of life in old age. From now on, studies on health-related quality of life of elderly with chronic illness and disability should be activated in social work field.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.107-117
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• 2013

In order to enhance the performance of National R&D program, it is required not only the R&D funds and human resources, but also the composition of the research environment in which the researchers could fully concentrate on study. Particularly in Korea, executive burdens that arise in the course of the administration of research fund are frequently causing difficulties in concentrating on study. To remove this burden on financial management and maximize the efficiency of research funding, the government has implemented the central management system of the R&D fund. This study analyzed the moderating effects of the centralized management system of the R&D fund on the relationship between government fund and performance of the university research. Based on the analyzed result, this study concluded that the higher level of centralized management system of the R&D fund is implemented, the more influence on research outcomes grow. This study is significant to extend previous research point of view, as well as analyze the practical effect of government policies.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of uncertainty and spousal support on infertility-related quality of life (QoL) in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies. Methods: In this correlational survey study, 172 infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies for infertility treatment at M hospital in Seoul participated. Data collection took place at the outpatient department of M hospital using a self-report questionnaire from July to August 2019. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 28.0. Results: The mean scores for uncertainty, spousal support, and infertility-related QoL were 28.35 (out of 50), 86.67 (out of 115), and 57.98 (out of 100), respectively. Infertility-related QoL was positively correlated with spousal support and negatively correlated with uncertainty. According to the regression analysis, infertility-related QoL was significantly affected by uncertainty, total number of assisted reproductive technology treatments, marriage duration, subjective health status, the financial burden of infertility testing, and the presence of a burdensome person. These variables had an explanatory power of 35.0% for infertility-related QoL. Conclusion: Uncertainty was an important factor influencing infertility-related QoL among women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies. It is necessary to develop and implement a nursing intervention program focused on reducing various forms of uncertainty during assisted reproductive procedures and to consider other factors affecting infertility-related QoL in the clinical setting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.238-247
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between family stress and adaptation in families with a disabled child through literature review using McCubbin's Double ABCX family crisis framework. The literature review focused on (1) family stress and factors affecting family stress, (2) the critical individual, familial and social resources which families acquire and employ over time in managing crisis situation. (3) the changes in definition and meaning families develop in an effort to make sense out of their predicament. (4) the coping strategies families employ. and (5) the range of outcomes of these family efforts The results showed that families reported financial difficulties and the burden of care-giving demands as major family stressors. Siblings of disabled children manifested depressive symptoms and social isolation. but was not consistent study results. The parents' views of the cause of the disabling condition fundamentally affected their behavior toward their disabled child. Especially. the fathers' views of the child's characteristics made the greatest contribution to positive changes in the mothers' perceptions. The term perceived social support refers to the cognitive appraisal by individuals that they are cared for and valued, that significant others are available to them if needed, and that they are satisfied with their interpersonal relationships. The perceived social support was more protective than social support source. network size and network density. Parental adaptation was found to be related to the child's communication competence rather than family coping strategies proposed by Lazarus and Folkman. One study results showed that there was no difference in depressive symptoms and physical health between mothers with a disabled child and those without all though mothers with a disabled child had negative attitudes and perceived themselves as having significantly less social support and lower family functioning. But a longitudinal study revealed decreases in the negative impact of the child and increases in sibling and overall family adaptation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.266-274
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• 2020

Objectives: Describe out-of-pocket payment (OOP) and the proportion of Peruvian households with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and evaluate changes in socioeconomic inequalities in CHE between 2008 and 2017. Methods: We used data from the 2008 and 2017 National Household Surveys on Living and Poverty Conditions (ENAHO in Spanish), which are based on probabilistic stratified, multistage and independent sampling of areas. OOP was converted into constant dollars of 2017. A household with CHE was assumed when the proportion between OOP and payment capacity was ≥0.40. OOP was described by median and interquartile range while CHE was described by weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To estimate the socioeconomic inequality in CHE we computed the Erreygers concentration index. Results: The median OOP reduced from 205.8 US dollars to 158.7 US dollars between 2008 and 2017. The proportion of CHE decreased from 4.9% (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.2) in 2008 to 3.7% (95% CI, 3.4 to 4.0) in 2017. Comparison of socioeconomic inequality of CHE showed no differences between 2008 and 2017, except for rural households in which CHE was less concentrated in richer households (p<0.05) and in households located on the rest of the coast, showing an increase in the concentration of CHE in richer households (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although OOP and CHE reduced between 2008 and 2017, there is still socioeconomic inequality in the burden of CHE across different subpopulations. To reverse this situation, access to health resources and health services should be promoted and guaranteed to all populations.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.3-17
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• 2015

In Korea, the private education spending of the households accounted for about 3% of GDP and such a education fever has been associated with the financial burden of households. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of regional education environment on the private education expenditure of the households using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey(KLIPS) data. The quantile regression model is used to examine whether the effects of regional education environment such as the degree of education fever differ across the 'quantiles' in the conditional distribution of private education expenditure. The empirical results showed that the amount of private education expenditure is under the influence of the regions where the households reside. In addition, it was found that the private education spending of the households in the upper quantile groups are more likely to be affected by the regional education environments than those in the lower quantile groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.379-388
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• 2015

Due to misbehavior of blackconsumer, companies bear higher financial burden and innocent consumers are also damaged. This study identified the characteristics of blackconsumer and their differences by demographics. Also this study scrutinizes the effects of blackconsumer characteristics on retaliation intention and self-justification. The analyses results identified three factors composing blackconsumer, namely deliberation, recidivism and persistency. Ages of 50s and 40s showed higher in persistency and 40s and 30s are higher in recidivism. Also the results showed that deliberation has a significant influence on self-justification where as recidivism and persistency have on both retaliation intention and self-justification.