• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.4
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• pp.160-162
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• 2014

Increasing incidence of pleural infection has been reported worldwide in recent decades. The pathogens responsible for pleural infection are changing and differ from those in community acquired pneumonia. The main treatments for pleural infection are antibiotics and drainage of infected pleural fluid. The efficacy of intrapleural fibrinolytics remains unclear, although a recent randomized control study showed that the novel combination of tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease had improved clinical outcomes. Surgical drainage is a critical treatment in patient with progression of sepsis and failure in tube drainage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.87.1-87.1
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• 2007

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• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2004

Metalloenzyme was purified from the fruiting bodies of Tricholoma sejunctum. MALDI-TOF and ICP/MS analyses revealed that the enzyme had a molecular weight of 18788.25 and includes $Zn^{2+}$ ion. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was Ala-Thr-Tyr-Lys-Ile-X-Ser-Ala-Thr-His-Gln-X-X-Leu-Val. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, indicating that the enzyme was a metalloprotease. No inhibition was found with E-64 and pepstatin. It has broad substrate specificity for synthetic peptides. The enzyme was stable up to $40^{\circ}C$. The activity of the enzyme was increased by $Zn^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$, while it was totally inhibited by $Hg^{2+}$. The enzyme hydrolyzes $A{\alpha}$ subunit of human fibrinogen but did not show any reactivity for $B{\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$ form of human fibrinogen.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2016

In this study, doenjang samples were prepared with different types of salts (12%, w/w): purified salt (PS), 3-year aged solar salt (SS3), 1-year aged solar salt (SS1), and bamboo salt melted 3 times (BS). Whole-soybean mejus were fermented with starters consisting of 2 Bacillus strains, a yeast, and a fungus (starter doenjang), and control mejus were fermented with organisms present naturally in rice straw (non-starter doenjang). The whole-soybean mejus were dried, and then mixed with cooked soybeans and the respective salts. The doenjang samples were fermented for 13 weeks at 25℃. The protease (acid, neutral, and alkaline) activities, fibrinolytic activities, and antioxidant capacities of the samples were examined every week. BS doenjang showed the highest acid protease (6.46 ± 0.20 unit/g) and fibrinolytic activities (0.61 unit/ml). Among the starter doenjang samples, those made with SS and BS showed the highest total phenolic contents after 91 days of fermentation. For antioxidant activities, SS3 doenjang showed higher activities than the other doenjang samples, as evaluated by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. These results suggest that solar salt, especially aged for 3 years, is better than purified salt in terms of producing better functionalities of doenjang.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

Objective: Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that intracisternal administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA) can facilitate the normal clearing of blood from the subarachnoid space. Urokinase, a first generation fibrinolytic agent, has been used to liquify such clots with some success. Therefore, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, a second generation fibrinolytic drug that may be safer and more effective, is studied to evaluate its dosage to lyse clots in vitro and reactivity in the brain parenchyme. Methods: Intracerebral hematomas were created by stereotactically injecting 2ml of clotted autogenous blood into the brain parenchyme of total 28 anesthetized adult cats (weighting 3.8 to 4.1 kg). The control animals (group A) received 1 ml of normal saline injected into the clots and the experimental animals received each 0.1 mg of rt-PA (group B), 0.5mg of rt-PA (group C) and 1 mg of rt-PA (group D) at 6 hours after the clot injection. Results: 1. The amount of remained clots after lysing the hematomas were as follows: $1.80{\pm}0.17ml$ in group A, $1.65{\pm}0.23ml$ in group B, $0.61{\pm}0.37ml$ in group C and $0.52{\pm}0.34$ in group D. The result indicated that hematomas in rt-PA treated groups (C & D) were lysed better than the control group. 2. At least 0.5mg of rt-PA should be required for the lysis of 2ml of hematomas. 3. Light microscopic examination revealed no histological evidence of hemorrhage in tissue sections from each brain. Conclusion: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator may be safely and effectively employed for the lysis of intracerebral hematomas in animal model.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.160-170
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• 2007

1. Objectives This study was performed to find the activities and characteristics of purified thrombolytic enzymes from Holotrichia extracts. 2. Methods In the first time, a coarse enzyme fluid was made by using the freedried Holotrichia extracts. After manufacturing total soluble proteins and purifing enzymes, it was evauluated the activities and characteristics of this enzyme's dissolving capability to fibrin and thrombus. This study was taken using azocasein assay, fibrin-plate method, native-PAGE and fibrin zymography. 3. Results A soluble proteins were efficiently extracted form freezedried Holotrichia extracts. And, this purified enzyme had a ten times fibrinolytic capability compare with ustulation Holotrichia sample. In native PAGE and fibrin zymography, Holotrichia extracts showed the respectable fibrinolytic activity. Also, It had higher thrombolytic activities compared with general thrombolytic enzyme 'plasmin'. In experiment of various protease inhibitors of the purified enzyme from Holotrichia extracts on the azocaseinolytic activity, the enzyme was strongly inhibited by EDTA ${\cdot}$ EGTA, and weakly by APMSF ${\cdot}$ PMSF ${\cdot}$ TPCK. 4. Conclusion Holotrichia extracts has the thrombolytic activities, and it will operate directly th fibrin-clot and thrombus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2012

We performed this study to develop antithrombotic agents from oriental medicine herb extracts. Polygonum cuspidatum has been traditionally used as an edible medical resources for the treatment of cancer, pyodermatitis, hepatitis, cystitis, and inflammation. However, the effects of Polygonum cuspidatum on thrombosis and platelet activation are not precisely understood. The antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of Polygonum cuspidatum were investigated by assessing the effect of a 70% ethanol extract of Polygonum cuspidatum on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation. Polygonum cuspidatum showed effective fibrinolytic activity at 10 mg/mL. Polygonum cuspidatum also inhibited adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, evaluation of anticoagulant activity showed that an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum prolonged coagulation time via activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Our results show that Polygonum cuspidatum can be a potential candidate for antiplatelet activity as well as a fibrinolytic agent.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.962-970
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• 2016

Commercialized production of onion vinegar, which has biological activities formed through alcohol and acetic acid fermentation, requires standardization. The objective of this study was to determine optimal conditions of sugar contents ($11{\sim}15^{\circ}Brix$) and agitation rate (100~300 rpm) of fermenter in the alcohol-acetic fermentation for producing onion vinegar. The alcohol and total acidity contents increased, whereas contents of total sugars decreased during alcohol fermentation. Contents of alcohol of 13 and $15^{\circ}Brix$ reactants were about 8% in 36 hr and total acidities of all samples were below 0.2% in 60 hr. During acetic fermentation, total acidity increased with highest value at 9 days (3.2% in 100 rpm), 10 days (4.1% in 200 rpm) and 8 days (4.3% in 300 rpm), respectively. From these results, sugar contents ($13^{\circ}Brix$) were measured for alcohol fermentation and agitation rate (300 rpm) for fast fermentation method of vinegar. The contents of total phenols, flavonoids and quercetin in onion vinegar were 33.3 mg/100 g, 3.0 mg/100 g and 2.0 mg/100 g, respectively. Onion vinegar showed an antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. Antioxidant effect of onion vinegar was 26.23% in DPPH radical inhibition and 58.58% in superoxide dismutase like activity, respectively. Fibrinolytic activity was 1.51 plasmin unit/mL in onion vinegar. In conclusion, onion vinegar processed by alcohol and acetic fermentation had nutritional values and potential biological activities.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.471-481
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• 2011

Clove has been frequently used as anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic drug and remedies for stomachache by coldness. In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from Clove was studied in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human LDL oxidation. Anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombotic effects of Clove extracts were studied ex vivo methods by mesuring the inhibitory effect on thrombin induced platelet aggregation and the fibrinolytic activity. The Clove extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation in vitro. Moreover Clove extracts were exhibited remarkable inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic activity. In conclusion, the Clove extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro and ex vivo system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drug against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.