• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 1985

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spatial ability and sex-role orientation in children. For this purpose, 303 boys and 293 girls were selected randomly. Spatial ability was measured by Embedded Figures Test. Sex-Role orientation was measured by the Children's Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich & Stapp, 1975) which was translated into Korean. An item analysis was done. For the data analysis, a three-way analysis of variance and t-test were applied. The results of the present study showed that 1) spatial ability gradually improved between 10 and 14 years of age. 2) There were no significant differences between girls and boys in the performance on the spatial ability test. 3) Masculinity in girls was not significantly associated with high spatial ability. However, there was a tendency for the masculine girls in the direction of higher spatial scores than feminine girls and undifferentiated girls. 4) Femininity in boys was not significantly associated with high spatial ability. However, there was a tendency for the feminine boys in the direction of higher spatial scores than masculine boys and undifferentiated boys.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1985

This study was attempted to evaluate the mental health of high school students in rural and urban community. For the above purpose the Minesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) was conducted for the total 868 students including 213 high school bodys and 209 high school girls in rural community, and 228 high school boys and 218 high school girls in urban community. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Scores of lie, hypochondriasis and social introversion scale were statiatically higher in rural high school boys than urban high school boys, but the scores of psychopathic deviate and hypomania scale were on the contrary. 2. Rural high school girls showed statistically higher scores in depression, paranoia, psychasthenia and schizophrenia scale than urban high school girls did. 3. Scores of validity, correction, hysteria and masculinity-femininity scale were not different between rural and urban community in both of high school boys and high school girls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to clarify the meanings of the images of the body-in-pieces in fashion design. This study focusing on the body-in-pieces based theoretically in that, and started to figure out the meanings in western art history. Body-in-pieces images were brought in art to express symbolic meanings to destroy the past, sexual fetish, unconsciousness, desire, fantasy, and to disorganize male-subjective idealistic female image. While in fashion design, body-in-pieces images categorized in three, erotic image, cyborg image, abjection image. First, erotic images in fashion design are fragmented body image, such like lip, hair, eye and etc. Second, cyborg image was represented by 3-dimentional molding image made of metallic materials, and last, abjection image representing death image used skeleton and bone image induced uncanny and sadistic feelings. Body-in-pieces images in fashion design are related to fetishism, uncanny, disorganizing traditional femininity.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.334-351
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• 2006

The purpose of study is to examine fashion bags reflected women's changing lifestyle, their needs and vogue in modern environment since 20th century. Today fashion bags can be divided into practical bag, evening bag, luxury bag and utility bag. Practical bag is a type of tote which is perfect for working mom or women carrying lots of things on a daily basis. Evening bag is a symbol of femininity in respect for its handmade artistry and impracticality by its small size. Luxury bag embodies human desire for high quality and being part of prestige of luxury brand regardless of its cost. Utilitarian bag was coming from military or sports gear and are popular among young generation armed with mobile computing or crazy about popular music and all kinds of sports. In contemporary fashion culture, fashion bags play an important roles on balancing women's social and domestic life as functional and decorative accessory.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.31-41
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the characteristics and styles of wearing scarves in the contemporary fashion. Scarf-wearing styles found in the contemporary fashion are as follows: 1) Scarves are used as gorgeous hair accessories which are tied around the head like a headband, turban. 2) The second style is to wear scarves around the neck, which involves a variety of ideas. 3) Shawl-like scarves add elegance and femininity to any outfit when they are draped over the shoulders. 4) Scarves are also worn instead of or in addition to a belt with a dress, skirt, pants. 5) The style is to tie a scarf in knots at the back of the neck and the waist as it is shaped or in a diagonally half-folded shape. 6) You can tie a scarf to your hat or handbag or connect a long scarf to one part of your body.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify types of gender role identity in female adolescents and to investigate the relationship between types of gender role identity and depression. Method: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using convenience sampling. Data were collected through self report questionnaires from 1,497 female high school students in Seoul. Data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 program. Results: The androgyny gender role identity was most common (33.9%). Of the types of gender role identity that had a significant relationship with depression. androgyny gender role identity had the lowest significant relationship to level of depression level, followed by masculinity, femininity, and undifferentiated type. Conclusion: It is necessary that nurses provide interventions to help female adolescents develop gender role identity toward androgyny.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.161-172
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• 1988

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of sex and sex role identity on marital satisfaction. The short-from Bem Sex Role Inventory(BSRI) and Marital satisfaction Scale (MSS) were administered to the married men (n=90) and women (n=130) in Pohaing City. The data were analysed by two-way ANOVA and the Scheff method of multiple comparison. Major findings were as follows: 1. Marital satisfaction was significantly related to sex role identity rather than to sex: The androgynous group reported the highest marital satisfaction scores, whereas the undifferentiated group did the lowest scores. 2. There was no significant sex difference in marital satisfaction socres among the masculine, androgynous, and undifferentiated groups except the feminine one. Only in the feminie group, males who had high feminity scores reported high marital satisfaction scores, whereas females who had high femininity scores reported low marital satisfaction scores.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

This survey examined sex role identities (androgyny, masculinity, femininity, and undifferentiated), gender, and academic achievement scores from an international sampling of college students. For a comparison, American students and Korean students responded to survey questions on the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Korean Sex Role Inventory respectively, reported family socio-economic status and achievement scores on the American College Testing (ACT) or Korean Scholastic Ability Test (KSAT). Results in this study indicate that a higher percentage of American students report an androgynous or undifferentiated gender role identity than do Koreans, while Korean students are more likely to show a feminine gender role identity than Americans. Although American students reported higher levels of androgyny in their gender role identity, those who fit the feminine gender role identity group showed higher ACT scores than other gender role identity types. However, in the Korean sample, the masculine gender role identity produced a higher academic achievement for both males and females.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.589-599
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate compostion factor and special qualities of design about Korean clothing image. The 72 samples were obtained from domestic fashion magazines. The questionnaire, which was composed 23 semantic diffrential bi-polar scales, was distributed to 50 female students majoring in Clothing and Textiles. The data were analyzed through factor analysis, anova, scheffe's test, clust analysis. The results were as follows; 1) Through factor analysis about Korean clothing image, 5 factors were identified; elegance, simplicity, femininity, tradition, looseness. 2) By cluster analysis, 3 clusters were determined according to Korean clothing image. Special qualities of design about Korean clothing image showed that there were lots of H silhouette in clothing form, related harmony in color harmony, somewhat rough and crude in texture and simple design in decoration. Top was more or less fit and bottom was found somewhat exaggerated tendency in fitness. 3) As a result of the visual evaluation about Korean clothing image, there were significant differences in all factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.594-605
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the visual sensibility of wedding dress. There are 28 kinds of costume samples from photographs in wedding dress magazines. They were divided into simple, accent and decorative design. The Semantic Differential method was used in this study to measure them. The semantic scale was composed of 20 pairs of adjective words. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, MDS and regression analysis. The results are as follow; 1. Factor analysis has extracted five factors which consist of the visual sensibility of wedding dress. The factors are High quality, Cuteness, Femininity, Decoration and Modernness. 2. There were significant differences in the visual sensibility of wedding dress and demographics.3. The evaluative dimensions of the visual sensibility of wedding dress were identified by Cute-Adult and Simple-Decorative. 4. Preference was related to what are wearing-desirable, chic, cute, natural and beautiful, etc., and the wearing desire was related to what are favorite, lively, chic, special and gracious, etc. The noble sensibility was related to what are elegant, cute, feminine and chic, etc.