• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.773-788
• /
• 2003

Ostrich farming is a developing industry in most countries in the world, with farm profitability being largely dependent on the quality of the products, especially skins and meat. To produce quality products, it is essential to ensure that nutrient supply matches the nutrient requirements of ostriches during their growth. To achieve this, information on feed utilisation efficiency and nutrient requirements of ostriches at different maturity stages is required. In South Africa, a number of experiments were carried out to assess the nutritive value of feed and to define the nutrient requirement of ostriches. These data were derived from limited number of birds and the direct application of the results to ostrich farming in Australia and other countries is questionable due to the difference in environment and feed resources. Initially ostrich farmers used data from poultry as a guideline for feed formulation, but in recent years more data has become available for ostriches. Ostriches have a better feed utilisation efficiency and a larger capacity of using high fibre feeds such as pastures than poultry. This review revealed that there are a number of areas there further nutritional research and development is required to ensure the ostriches are provided suitable diets to maximise farm profitability. These include the assessment of the nutritive value of feed ingredients for ostrich chicks and adult birds, the determination of nutrient requirements of ostriches under different farming systems, the development of ostrich diet for producing specific product, and grazing management strategies of ostriches in a crop-pasture rotation system.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.189-205
• /
• 2009

This study is aimed to analyze the economic feasibility comparison of the extruded pellets and moist pellets on the Oliver flounder culture farms in Jeju Island. In order to do this, we selected 2 farms (M and S farms) in Jeju Island as a sample. In the study, various analyses including productivity analysis, cost structure analysis, profitability and economic feasibility analysis by feed type were conducted for two sample farms of Oliver flounder culture. The results of economic analysis by feed type on the Oliver flounder culture can be summarized as follows; First, there were not significant differences in productivity by feed type. Second, results of the profitability analysis on farm M by feed type showed the profitability was estimated to be 15.52% and 9.83% in EP and MP, respectively. In addition, the profitability of farm S was estimated to be 28.37% and 33.72% in EP and MP, respectively. Third, results of the economic analysis on farm M by feed type indicated that an internal rate of return(IRR) was 8% and 7% and a benefit-cost ratio was shown to be 1.64 and 1.11 in EP and MP, respectively. Furthermore, the economic analysis of farm M by feed type showed that an IRR was 19% and 24% and a benefit-cost ratio was calculated to be 1.4 and 1.51 in EP and MP, respectively. In summary, it is especially emphasized that economic valuation is not related to feed types (EP and MP). Finally, in order to improve the economic feasibility, it should be more focused on the efficient business management of the Oliver flounder aquaculture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.12
• /
• pp.1667-1673
• /
• 2017

Antibiotics have long been of great benefit for people, both in the medical treatment of human disease and in animal food where they improve the growth performance and feed utilization during animal production. Antibiotics as in-feed supplements affect all stages of pork production, including the gestation, nursing, growing, and finishing stages, although the effects show stage-dependent differences. However, the use of antibiotics in animal feed has become a worldwide concern. This review describes why sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotic additives in animal feed have become an integral part of animal feeding programs for more than 70 years, particularly in pork production. It also discusses the threat of the long-term use of sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics in pork production. In recent years, the effectiveness of in-feed antibiotics has tended to decrease. This review analyzes this change from various perspectives. First, the equipment used at pig farms has improved dramatically and is more sanitary. Worldwide, more pig farms use pig farrowing crates, gestation crates, piglet nursery crates, flooring devices, piggery ventilation and cooler systems, automatic pig feeders, piggery heating equipment, and artificial insemination systems. In addition, scientists have replaced the use of antibiotics with organic acids, fermented mash, probiotics, prebiotics, minerals, oligosaccharides, enzymes, herbs/flavors, and protein/amino acids, and have improved management and husbandry techniques. In addition, animal welfare legislation has been aimed at improving the quality of the floors and living space, ensuring that animals have permanent access to fresh water, and setting a minimum weaning age. Finally, the prospects and the possibility of replacing antibiotics in pork production are described, in line with recent research results.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.346-352
• /
• 2007

Contamination of aflatoxins(AFs) was monitored in 447 compound feeds and 138 feed ingredients samples distributed in South KOREA in 2006 and 2007. The degree of $AFB_1\;and\;AFB_2$ contamination in compound feed was 20% and 3%, respectively. The levels of detection were ranged from 0.48 to 10.46 ppb for $AFB_1$ and from 0.25 to 0,42 ppb for $AFB_2$. Thirty eight percent of compound feeds were contaminated with $AFB_1$ at concentration between 0.43 and 5.52 ppb and $AFB_2$ was detected in 2% of compound feeds at levels ranging 0.26-0.40 ppb. The highest degree of $AFB_1$ contamination was observed in compound feeds for beef cattle (75%) followed by for dairy cattle (72%) and in bran among feed ingredients (30%). Bran exhibited the highest level of $AFB_1$contamination (3.1 ppb). Vegetable proteins and compound feeds for dog showed relative lower degree of contamination at 2.9 and 1.9 ppb, respectively. $AFG_1\;and\;AFG_2$ were not detected in any compound feeds and feed ingredients samples.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.229-238
• /
• 2016

This study aims to investigate egg quality and amino acid composition of buoyant and non-buoyant eggs and evaluate egg quality of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus. Amino acid analysis of eggs was conducted to investigate what elements were necessary for the survival and good quality of egg depending on farming condition and different diet. We analyzed amino acid from buoyant eggs and non-buoyant eggs, farming conditions (tank and sea cage), and different dietary conditions (formulated feed, formulated feed+raw fish-based moist pellets, and raw fish-based moist pellets). Egg quality was the best in a sea cage and when raw fish-based moist pellets (MP) were fed. In addition, egg quality with formulated and MP was better than that with formulated feed. As a result of amino acid analysis of eggs, buoyant eggs were containing more free amino acid than non-buoyant eggs. Also, eggs with MP were containing more free amino acid than those with formulated feed and MP. Eggs with mixed formulated feed and MP were containing more free amino acid than formulated feed. In conclusion, amino acid was helpful to improve egg quality, and egg quality can be controlled by farming conditions and feed.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2008

Producing Korean organic beef cattle costs a great deal because it needs breeding conditions like the organic feed, an uncontaminated breeding farm and so on. So the price of Korean organic beef (KOB) is more expensive than that of Korean general beef (KGB). To overcome this adverse price condition, a case production organization in Asan will choose direct marketing routes for consumers or the shop under direct management of the organization, or franchise shops. As a result, these marketing routes are expected to narrow the price gap between KOB and KGB. And consumers will accept the price of KOB if quality of KOB is very high level, for example the first grade++.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.123-145
• /
• 1996

We consider a priority-based multiclass queue with probabilistic feed-back. There are J service stations. Each customer belongs to one of the several priority classes, and the customers of each class arrive at each station in a Poisson process. A single server serves queued customers on a priority basis with a nonpreemptive scheduling discipline. The customers who complete their services feed back to the system instantaneously and join one of the queues of the stations or depart from the system according to a given probability. In this paper, we propose a new method to simplify the analysis of these queueing systems. By the analysis of busy periods and regenerative processes, we clarify the underlying system structure, and systematically obtain the mean for the sojourn time, i.e., the time from the arrival to the departure from the system, of a customer at every station. The mean for the number of customers queued in each station at an arbitrary time is also obtained simultaneously.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.150-155
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to determine grazing intensity of growing Korean native goats(Capra hircus coreanae) on mountainous pasture. It was carried out to obtain basic information for improvement of mountainous pasture management and establishing feeding system of Korean native goat. A total of 20 goats were grouped by feeding systems [A mountainous pasture grazing group (Concentrated feed of 1.5% body weight, treatment 1, T1, n=10) and a barn feeding group (TMR, treatment 2, T2), n=10] to conduct study from April to September. The average forage productivity of the mountain pasture was $500.9{\pm}61.41kg/ha$. The average dry matter intake in T1 was 0.64 and the calculated grazing intensity was 21 head/ha. In productivity, when the two treatments(T1, T2) were compared, the dry matter intake was about two to three times the difference. The average daily gain per day during the experiment was 63.3 in the mountain pasture and 120 g in barn feeding. When grazing, considering mountainous pasture productivity it is necessary to increase the productivity through proper feeding. The feed costs of black goats raised by grazing on the grassland in the same period showed an average 75% reduction compared to barn feeding. As a result of this study, it can be expected that a considerable reduction of feed costs can be expected in the breeding of Korean native black goat using the mountain pasture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.1496-1501
• /
• 2002

A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a completely randomized design to determine the effects of dietary Zn on performance and immune response of acutely endotoxemic growing pigs (n=96, mean BW=24.9 kg). Factors included 1) intramuscular injection of $10{\mu}g/kg$ BW of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or control and 2) supplemental Zn at 10, 50, or 150 ppm. Diets were fed beginning after weaning (initial body weight=7.6 kg) in the nursery and continued for 16 d into the grower phase. The basal corn-soybean meal grower diet contained 1% lysine and 34.3 ppm Zn. Pigs were acclimated for 12 d in the growerfinishing facility before LPS treatment on d 13. Gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were unaffected by dietary Zn. Feed intake decreased (p<0.10) and gain/feed was greater (p<0.10) from d 13 to d 16 for pigs injected with LPS. Serum Zn and alkaline phosphatase activity increased (p<0.05) with increasing Zn levels. The febrile response to LPS peaked at 6 h post exposure and pigs were afebrile within 12 h. Rectal temperature was greater (p<0.05) in pigs receiving 50 and 150 ppm Zn than in pigs supplemented with 10 ppm Zn. In vivo cellular immune response, measured on d 13 by skin thickness response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), was greater after 6 h (p<0.05) in pigs fed 10 ppm Zn and exposed to LPS compared to all other treatments, but was not affected at 12, 24 or 48 h. Zinc did not affect mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation. Zinc supplemented at 50 or 150 ppm resulted in an enhanced febrile response in pigs subjected to iatrogenic endotoxemia, but did not affect pig performance or immune response measurements.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.225-232
• /
• 2017

Understanding actions in videos is an important task. It helps in finding the anomalies present in videos such as fights. Detection of fights becomes more crucial when it comes to sports. This paper focuses on finding fight scenes in Hockey sport videos using blur & radon transform and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). First, the local motion within the video frames has been extracted using blur information. Next, fast fourier and radon transform have been applied on the local motion. The video frames with fight scene have been identified using transfer learning with the help of pre-trained deep learning model VGG-Net. Finally, a comparison of the methodology has been performed using feed forward neural networks. Accuracies of 56.00% and 75.00% have been achieved using feed forward neural network and VGG16-Net, respectively.