Dietary Zinc Effects on Growth Performance and Immune Response of Endotoxemic Growing Pigs |
Roberts, E.S.
(Department of Farm Animal Health and Resource Management North Carolina State University)
van Heugten, E. (Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University) Lloyd, K. (Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University) Almond, G.W. (Department of Farm Animal Health and Resource Management North Carolina State University) Spears, J.W. (Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University) |
1 | Blecha, F., D. S. Pollman and D. A. Nichols. 1983. Weaning pigs at an early age decreases cellular immunity. J. Anim. Sci. 56:396-400. DOI |
2 | Bowers, G. N. J. and R. B. McComb. 1966. A continuous spectrophotometric method for measuring the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. Clin. Chem. 12:70-89. |
3 | Chesters, J. K. and M. Will. 1981. Measurement of zinc flux through plasma in normal and endotoxin-stressed pigs and the effects of Zn supplementation during stress. Br. J. Nutr. 46:119-130. DOI ScienceOn |
4 | Ekkel, E. D., A. H. Kuypers, G. H. M. Counotte and M. J. M. Tielen. 1995. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test as an indicator of stress-induced changes in immune reactivity in pigs. Vet Quarterly 17:143-146. DOI |
5 | Hill, C. H. 1989. Effect of Salmonella gallinarum infection on zinc metabolism in chicks. Poult. Sci. 68:297-305. DOI PUBMED |
6 | Kelley, K. W., R. E. Greenfield, J. F. Evermann, S. M. Parish and L. E. Perryman. 1982. Delayed-type hypersensitivity, contact sensitivity, and phytohemagglutinin skin-test responses of heat- and cold-stressed calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43:775-779. |
7 | Kincaid, R. L., W. J. Miller, R. P. Gentry, M. W. Neathery, D. L. Hampton and J. W. Lassiter. 1976. The effect of endotoxin upon zinc retention and intracellular liver distribution in rats. Nutr. Rep. Int. 13:65-70. |
8 | Kornegay, E. T., P. H. G. van Heugten, M. D. Lindemann and D. J. Blodgett. 1989. Effects of biotin and high copper levels on performance and immune response of weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 67:1471-1477. DOI |
9 | Liptrap, D. O., E. R. Miller, D. E. Ullrey, D. L. Whitenack, B. L. Schoepke and R. W. Luecke. 1970. Sex influence on the zinc requirement of developing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 30:736-741. DOI |
10 | NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. |
11 | Vallee, B. L. and K. H. Falchuk. 1993. The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Phys. Rev. 73:78-118. |
12 | van Heugten, E., M. T. Coffey and J. W. Spears. 1996. Effects of immune challenge, dietary energy density, and source of energy on performance and immunity in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2431-2440. DOI |
13 | Whitworth, N. H., M. A. Barradas, D. P. Mikhailidis and P. Dandona. 1989. An investigation into the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on human platelets. Eur. J. Haematol. 43:112-119. DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Wellinghausen, N., H. Kirchner and L. Rink. 1997. The immunobiology of zinc. Immunol. Today 118:519-521. DOI ScienceOn |
15 | Chandra, R. K. 1984. Excessive intake of zinc impairs immune responses. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 252:1443-1446. DOI |
16 | Lee, D. N., C. F. Weng, H. T. Yen, T. F. Shen and B. J. Chen. 2000. Effects of chromium supplementation and lipopolysaccaride injection on physiological responses of weanling pigs. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 13:528-534. DOI |
17 | Klosterhalfen, B., E. Tons, S. Hauptmann, L. Tietze, A. Offner, W. Kupper and C. J. Kirkpatrick. 1996. Influence of heat shock protein 70 and metallothionein induction by zinc-bis-(DLhydrogenaspartate) on the release of inflammatory mediators in a porcine model of recurrent endotoxemia. Biochem. Pharmacol. 52:1201-1210. DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Driessen, C., K. Hirv, L. Rink and H. Kirchner. 1994. Induction of cytokines by zinc in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and separated monocytes. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 13:15-20. |
19 | van Heugten, E., J. W. Spears and M. T. Coffey. 1994. The effect of dietary protein on performance and immune response in weanling pigs subjected to an inflammatory challenge. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2661-2669. DOI |
20 | Regnier, J. A. and K. W. Kelley. 1981. Heat- and cold-stress suppresses in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses of chickens. Am. J. Vet. Res. 42:294-299. |
21 | Morrow-Tesch, J. L., J. J. McGlone and J. L. Salak-Johnson. 1994. Heat and social stress effects on pig immune measures. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2599-2609. DOI |
22 | Wellinghausen, N., M. Martin and L. Rink. 1999. Zinc status in patients with alveolar echinococcus is related to disease progression. Parasit. Imm. 21:237-241. DOI ScienceOn |
23 | Hoekstra, W. G., E. C. Faltin, C. W. Lin, H. F. Roberts and R. H. Grummer. 1967. Zinc deficiency in reproducing gilts fed a diet high in calcium and its effect on tissue zinc and blood serum alkaline phosphatase. J. Anim. Sci. 26:1348-1357. DOI |
24 | van Heugten, E. and J. W. Spears. 1997. Immune response and growth of stressed weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic forms of chromium. J. Anim. Sci. 75:409-416. DOI |
25 | Braunschweig, C. L., M. Sowers, D. S. Kovacevich, G. M. Hill and D. A. August. 1997. Parenteral zinc supplementation in adult humans during the acute phase response increases the febrile response. J. Nutr. 127:70-74. |
26 | Grabarek, J., G. R. Her, V. N. Reinhold and J. Hawiger. 1990. Endotoxic lipid A interaction with human platelets. Structurefunction analysis of lipid A homologs obtained from Salmonella minnesota Re595 lipopolysaccharide. J. Biol. Chem. 265:8117-8121. |
27 | Gaetke, L. M. C. J. McClain, R. T. Talwalkar and S. I. Shedlofsky. 1997. Effects of endotoxin on zinc metabolism in human volunteers. Am. J. Physiol. 272:E952-E956. |
28 | Johnson, R. W. 1997. Inhibition of growth by pro-inflammatory cytokines: An integrated view. J. Anim. Sci. 75:1244-1255. DOI PUBMED |
29 | Webel, D. M., B. N. Finck, D. H. Baker and R. W. Johnson. 1997. Time course of increased plasma cytokines, cortisol, and urea nitrogen in pigs following intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. J. Anim. Sci. 75:1514-1520. DOI |
30 | Driessen, C., K. Hirv, H. Kirchner and L. Rink. 1995. Zinc regulates cytokine induction by superantigens and lipopolysaccharide. Immunology 84:272-277. |
31 | Tufft, L. S., C. F. Nockels and M. J. Fettman. 1988. Effects of Escherichia coli on iron, copper, and zinc metabolism in chicks. Avian Diseases 32:779-786. DOI ScienceOn |
32 | Chesters, J. K. 1997. Zinc. In: Handbook of Nutritionally Essential Mineral Elements (Ed. B. L. O'Dell and R. A. Sunde). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. pp. 185-230. |
33 | Butler, E. J. and M. J. Curtis. 1973. The effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin and ACTH on the plasma zinc concentration in the domestic fowl. Res. Vet. Sci. 15:363-367. |