• 유기물자원화
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2001

본 연구는 각 업종별로 배출되는 음식물쓰레기의 다양한 성상 및 그 특성을 분석하여 검토함으로서 그 특성에 맞는 적절한 처리방안과 설계단계에 있어서 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 실시하였다. 전체적으로 업종별로 성상이 차이가 있었고, 일식업소가 다른 업소에 비교하여 많은 차이를 보였다. 조성면에서는 채소류가 가장 많이 차지하였고 또한 계절에 따라 채소류의 함량은 차이가 많았다 이물질은 조개껍질류가 가장 많았으며, 요식업소에서 배출되는 이물질 비율이 공동주택에서 보다 높아 사전분리가 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 염분은 일식업소에서 가장 높았고, 대부분의 업소에서는 1% 전후로 자원화에 바람직하지 않지만, 전단계에서 세척공정을 둔다면 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 사료되었다. 사료성분은 조섬유가 28%, 조단백질이 25%, 조지방이 11%로 나타났다. 유해균 및 중금속에 대한 분석도 동시에 실시하였으나, 병원성미생물은 검출되지 않았고, 각종 유해물질은 규제농도이하 값을 보였다. 각종 성상의 분석결과, 자원화에 있어서 계절요인과 요식업소와 공동주택의 수거비율을 설계에 반영하는 것이 필요하며, 공동주택은 부패 등의 문제로 인하여 사료화보다는 퇴비화가 적합하고, 요식업소중 중식, 분식, 집단급식업소 등에서 배출되는 음식물쓰레기는 사료화가 유리한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.566-575
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• 2015

The study aims to identify the generation and treatment of fishery by-products in Korea and suggests future directions and strategies for their eco-friendly utilization and industrialization. First, the study focuses on the identification of the generation and their treatment in Korea since merely few study were conducted and they did not provide enough information regarding the overall generation and treatment at the national level. According to the estimation, Korea generates 800 thousand to 1,200 thousand tones of fishery by-product every year. The fishery by-products generated at large seafood markets and processing facilities are used or processed as fish meal and feed, but those generated from households and small seafood restaurants are currently treated as food waste. In addition, inadequately treated fishery by-products cause various problems such as spoiling urban landscape, creating odor and incubating pest. After identifying the generation and treatment of fishery by-products, the study suggests directions for the formulation of infrastructure for transition into resource circulation society, minimization of dumped waste and their eco-friendly recycling as resources, diversification of recycled goods and development into a high-value added industry. Finally, the study suggests detailed strategies for the directions such as establishment of legal and institutional foundation, separation of fishery by-products from wastes, development of technology tailored for commercialization, introduction of pilot projects for industrialization and cultivation of social enterprises.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2011

This research proposed the space planing methode and diagrams of restaurant kitchens to improve hygiene by analyzing the related contents collected from books and researches in interior design and HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point). HACCP is an effective and scientific hygiene system for food safety in order to prevent cross-contamination from food hazards. Based on the analyses, improvement of food production environments like restaurant kitchens is necessary for food hygiene. The space planing methode of restaurant kitchens to improve hygiene are followings: The circulation planing is that the direction of movement of the food, workers, waste, and dishes should be fractionated and managed for cross-contamination prevention. The space separation planing is that the spaces in the kitchen should be classified and divided into contaminated area and non-contaminated and clean area depending on the degree of cleanliness. The zoning is space arrangement with feed-back process to check the possible points of cross-contamination and correct space arrangement until the possibility of cross-contamination disappear in kitchen. However, if cross-contamination is unavoidable in some points in restaurant kitchens, hygiene facilities such as washing rooms, pass rooms, and double doors with air-shower should be located in order to remove contamination.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2020

On a farm with 6 Korean beef cattle, an adult cow and a calf suddenly died while eating. At that time, hair was pressed upon the stanchion facilities where the adult cow was fed. Two dead cattle were submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for disease diagnosis. Grossly, the mouth of the adult cow was full of feed that had been eaten before death, and there was a foamy fluid in the calf's trachea. Both hemorrhages were observed in the muscles, as well as in the internal organs such as the liver, lungs, and heart. Ruminal mucosa was easily peeled off. Histopathologically, both muscles and internal organs showed severe hemorrhages. In particular, affected muscles were shown segmental and band-like patterns of myonecrosis, disappeared some myocytes, burned hair follicles, and irregular surface of skin. Severe hemorrhages of muscles and internal organs were consistent with previous reports. Easily separated mucosa of rumen and muscle lesions were very characteristic. We determined electrocution according to the pathological findings, laboratory results, and traces of accidents. This report will help to understand of pathological lesions of electrocution. Furthermore, this case suggests that the electrical wires and devices must be installed and handled carefully during the construction of the cowsheds care.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2009

본 연구는 북해도지역에 있어서 바이오매스 종합전략의 지역적 적용특성을 조사 한 것이다. 북해도 연구사례는 성공적인 유기성폐자원의 운영을 위해서는 기술의 선진성 뿐만 아니라 처리 후 부산물 자원의 부가가치 있는 효과적인 공급체계 구축이 매우 세밀하게 치밀하게 수요자 중심으로 사전 수립되어져야 한다는 점을 시사하고 있다. 특히 자원화기술로는 (1)토양산성화 방지용 기능성 고형비료의 생산, (2)토양미생물 투입 발효 액비 제공, (3)에너지의 다양한 공급 시스템 구축, (4)중금속 농도를 고려한 유기물의 혼합 발효처리, (5)협잡물 혼입을 억제하기 위한 음식물 수거 인센티브제도 도입 등이 효과적임을 보고하고 있다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2004

This research aimed to analyze the quality of center-based infant/toddler programs in Korea. Scale for infant and toddler programs divide accreditation standards into 4 areas(physical environment, curriculum, health care, management system) with 60 standards. Standards can be divided into basic criteria and general criteria. The subjects are 149 day care centers(44 infant day care centers and 105 day care centers), and raters(teachers or principal) assessed the quality of each item on a 5-point Likert scale. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Self-evaluation result have marked 3.67 as average(range : 2.32~4.90), which barely meets basic criteria level. 2) Physical environment area has received worst score(3.41) and Health care area has received best score(3.92). 3) Each standard's score indicate the quality of infant/toddler care program: Feed care(4.29), Affectionate teacher-infant interaction(4.14) were highly rated while Nature environment/anmal/plant(2.75) and Teacher's facilities(2.74) were rated low. 4) Some variation factors showed differences in the qualitative level; number of child, education level of principal.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

Education is about sharing knowledge and using techniques and skills that can person's ability. the goal is to educate and develop people as a whole. In order to achieve this educational purpose efficiently, our society has many educational courses. The educational facility which can be used in a variety of educational methods should be made flexible. It should provide an environment in which ever student can grow. Being creative, using a variety of methods should help to develop character in people. In order to achieve this, the school's facilities should be future-oriented. It is necessary to research systemically about its changes and feed back according to the social demand, the educational purpose, and the changes of educational courses. This study is intended to present basic material which will be need from now on for the facility of the special classes in jeju city. Elementary schools should consider having a reasonable scale and arrangement pattern. The facility for special classes has to find a way to operate flexibly according to the changes of the class number.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권12호
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• pp.1818-1823
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• 2015

In this paper, we analyzed the optimal configuration of protection wire that have been installed in the electric railway power supply system. Protection wires are to suppress the ground potential rise when the short circuit fault between contact wire-rail(C-F), and protect the electronics equipments(signalling and communication) that are facility the wayside. The role of protection wires must be feed back quickly the fault current to the substation when a short circuit fault occurs. In this paper, we proposed that only one line to install the protection wire. Comparing how to newly proposed and existing system, most of the performance is similar. The reason is that most of the current flowing in the protection wire near the location where the fault occurred. There is no problem even if in one line for human safe and the low impedance of the return circuit in dimension to ensure the safety of the facility during the fault. To ensure safety during an fault occurs, it is sufficient even by one line. But, In the protection wire of facilities planning it is necessary to design taking into account the potential utility.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.903-908
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• 2006

Building energy simulation has become a useful tool for predicting cooling, heating and air-conditioning loads for facilities. It is important to provide building energy performances feed back to the mechanical and electrical system operator and engineer for energy conservation and maintenance of building. From this research, we set up the typical weather data of location, basic description of building, geometric modelling data and the specification of Installed primary HVAC system for establishing the simulation model about energy consuming that take place in multipurpose building complex. The simulation tool of building energy - EnergyPlus (DOE and BLAST based simulation S/W), it has been used and accomplished calculations and analyses for evaluating the effect of the system types and operating condition of central HVAC plant on the building energy consumption. In this paper, we offer comparison and simultaneous results those involve electricity consumption pattern and amount between actual operation versus EnergyPlus simulation to the object building during summer season.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

Pyroprocessing is a promising technology for managing spent nuclear fuel. The nuclear material accounting of feed material is a challenging issue in safeguarding pyroprocessing facilities. The input material in pyroprocessing is in a solid-state, unlike the solution state in an input accountability tank used in conventional wet-type reprocessing. To reduce the uncertainty of the input material accounting, a double-stage homogenization process is proposed in considering the process throughput, remote controllability, and remote maintenance of an engineering-scale pyroprocessing facility. This study tests two types of mixing equipment in the proposed double-stage homogenization process using surrogate materials. The expected heterogeneity and accounting uncertainty of Pu are calculated based on the surrogate test results. The heterogeneity of Pu was 0.584% obtained from Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) spent fuel of 59 WGd/tU when the relative standard deviation of the mass ratio, tested from the surrogate powder, is 1%. The uncertainty of the Pu accounting can be lower than 1% when the uncertainty of the spent fuel mass charged into the first mixers is 2%, and the uncertainty of the first sampling mass is 5%.