• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2002

우주 구조물인 하나콤 위성본체 플래폼의 구조최적화를 수행하였다. 하나콤 위성 플래폼의 최적설계에는 다양한 우주 환경 하에서 고려하기 어려운 제한 조건들이 고려된다. 이러한 제한 조건들을 고려하기 위해서 최적화 기법인 변형 유용 방향 탐색법과 유전자 알고리즘을 유한 유소 해석 기법을 사용하는 MSC/NASTRAN과 병행하여 최적화를 수행하였다. 하나콤 위성 플래폼의 최적화는 정적해석과 동해석을 통하여 베어링 응력과 고유 진동수에 대한 제한조건을 사용하여 수행하였다. 본 연구의 수행 결과 국부 최적화 기법인 변형 유용 방향 탐색법이 전역 최적화 기법인 유전자 알고리즘에 의한 최적화 보다 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 두 기법의 최적화 모두 응력 보다는 고유 진동수에 의한 제한 조건이 최적화에 더 큰 영향을 준다는 사실을 알게 되었다. 하나콤 위성 플래폼의 최적화를 통해서 주어진 환경에 더 적합하고 안정성 있는 플래폼의 구조최적설계를 할 수 있었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.352-355
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• 2004

The objective of this work is to develop a new design method to find optimal coils, especially the optimal coil configuration of an optical pickup actuator. In designing actuator coils, the developed Lorenz force in the coils along the desired direction should be made as large as possible while forces and torques in other directions should be made as small as possible. The design methodology we are developing is a systematic approach that can generate optimal coil configurations for given permanent magnet configurations. To consider the best coil configuration among all feasible coil configurations, we formulate the design problem as a topology optimization of a coil. The present formulation for coil design is noble in the sense that the existing topology optimization is mainly concerned with the design of yokes and permanent magnets and that the optimization of actuator coils is so far limited within shape or size optimization. Though the present design methodology applies to any problem, the specific design example considered is the design of fine-pattern tracking and focusing coils.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.932-938
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• 2001

This study is concerned with the shape optimization of stem for the artificial hip prosthesis with unbonded cement mantle. The artificial hip prosthesis with unbonded cement mantle allows a stem to slip on cement mantle because of polished stem surface. Unbonded cement mantle type has several advantages compared with bonded cement mantle type, for example, small micro motion, preventing stress shielding and so on. In this study, 2-dimensional axisymmetric model was developed with considering characteristics of unbonded cement mantle. Moreover, optimal shape of stem was obtained by using feasible direction method. The objective of this optimization is maximizing supported vertical loading. The slip motion and stresses of stem, cement mantle and bone is used for constraints. The optimal shape which obtained by this study has slope of 0.15 in proximal part and maintains the width about 5mm in distal part In addition, simplified 3-dimensional analysis which applying optimal shape is carried out. The result of 3-dimensional analysis showed that optimal shape has some advantages for cement mantle stress. However, more realistic 3-dimensional analysis which including bending effect, complex geometries etc. is needed in further research.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1983

복수 설비입지 문제의 한 유형인 컴퓨터 시스템 설치문제는 설치위치의 결정, 서비스 지역의 할본, 각 시스템의 규모 결정 등 복합적인 의사결정 과제를 안고 있다. 이 세가지 의사결정 문제는 상호 밀접하게 연결되어 있으므로 세 문제를 동시에 고려하여 전체적으로 최적화할 수 있는 해를 구하도록 해야하는 데 이는 매우 어려운 일이다. 그러므로 지금까지는 각각의 최적해를 독립적으로 구한 후 이를 적당히 결합한다거나 또는 아예 최적해를 구하기 보다는 만족할 만한 적정해를 구함으로써 만족할 수 밖에 없었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 컴퓨터 시스템 설치에 있어서의 location-Size결정모형을 구축함으로써 이러한 의사결정 문제의 수리적 최적해를 구하고자 했다. 이 모형은 선형 및 비선형의 제약조건을 갖는 non-linear programming 문제로 수식화 되었으며, penalty function method, feasible conjugate, direction methods, branch & bound technique등의 algorithm들을 단계적으로 사용함으로써 최적해의 도출이 가능하게 되었다. 실제 문제에 적용한 결과 유용성은 충분한 것으로 보여졌으나 해법상의 개선을 통해 계산노력을 줄이도록 함이 요구 되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.143-143
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• 2008

Nanowires are promising options for building nanoscale electronic structures coming from high conductivity of nanowires. In particular, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is structurally nanowire, can obtain highly ordered electronic components for nanocircuitry and/or nanodevices because of its very flexible length controllability, nanometer-size diameter, about 2 nm, and self-assembling properties. In this work, we used the method to form DNA-Nanowires (NWs) by using chemical treatment on Silicon (Si) surface, and Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) was used as inducer of DNA sequence to modify the characteristics of Si surface. Moreover, we performed tilting technique to align DNA by the direction of flow of DNA solution. We investigated the assembly process between DNA molecules and APTES - coated Si surface according to the APTES concentration, from $1.2{\mu}\ell$ to $120{\mu}\ell$. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images showed the combination rate of DNA molecules by the change of APTES concentration. As APTES concentration becomes thicker, aggregation of DNA molecules occurs, and this makes a kind of DNA networks. In this respect, we confirmed that there's a positive relationship between the concentration of APTES and the formation rate of DNA nanowires. Since there have been lots of research preceded to utilize DNA nanowires as template, so by using this positive relationship with proper alignment technique, realization of nano electronic devices with DNA nanowires might be feasible.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2022

This paper studies the static stability of an axially graded column with the power-law gradient varying along the axial direction. For a nonhomogeneous column with one end linked to a rotational spring and loaded by a compressive force, respectively, an Euler problem is analyzed by solving a boundary value problem of an ordinary differential equation with varying coefficients. Buckling loads through the characteristic equation with the aid of the Bessel functions are exactly given. An alternative way to approximately determine buckling loads through the integral equation method is also presented. By comparing approximate buckling loads with the exact ones, the approximate solution is simple in form and enough accurate for varying power-law gradients. The influences of the gradient index and the rotational spring stiffness on the critical forces are elucidated. The critical force and mode shapes at buckling are presented in graph. The critical force given here may be used as a benchmark to check the accuracy and effectiveness of numerical solutions. The approximate solution provides a feasible approach to calculating the buckling loads and to assessing the loss of stability of columns in engineering.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2014

This article describes a path planning algorithm for fixed-wing UAVs when a real terrain should be considered. Nowadays, many UAVs are required to perform mission flights near given terrain for surveillance, reconnaissance, and infiltration, as well as flight altitude of many UAVs are relatively lower than typical manned aerial vehicles. Therefore, real terrain should be considered in path planning algorithms of fixed-wing UAVs. In this research, we have extended a spline-$RRT^*$ algorithm to three-dimensional planner. The spline-$RRT^*$ algorithm is a $RRT^*$ based algorithm, and it takes spline method to extend the tree structure over the workspace to generate smooth paths without any post-processing. Direction continuity of the resulting path is guaranteed via this spline technique, and it is essential factor for the paths of fixed-wing UAVs. The proposed algorithm confirm collision check during the tree structure extension, so that generated path is both geometrically and dynamically feasible in addition to direction continuity. To decrease degrees of freedom of a random configuration, we designed a function assigning directions to nodes of the graph. As a result, it increases the execution speed of the algorithm efficiently. In order to investigate the performance of the proposed planning algorithm, several simulations are performed under real terrain environment. Simulation results show that this proposed algorithm can be utilized effectively to path planning applications considering real terrain.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.22-31
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• 1996

Air permeabilities for both sapwood and heartwood of the three softwoods(Picea jezoensis, Larix gmelini, Pinus sylvestris), imported from the Russian Far East, in the three different structural directions were measured using steady-state rotameter method. After measuring permeability, the liquid absorption into the longitudinal permeability specimens was measured, and then related with the measured permeability. The longitudinal permeability was overwhelmingly greater than the transverse permeability, with the radial direction showing higher permeability than the tangential direction. There appear to be species differences in permeability of the three softwoods. The mean longitudinal sapwood permeability of P. jezoensis(3.300darcy) and P. sylvestris(3.028darcy) were considerably greater(ca. 25times) than that of L. gmelini(0.134darcy). Also the average longitudinal heartwood permeability of P. jezoensis(0.300darcy) was about 10 times as great as that of P. sylvestris(0.029darcy) and L. gmelini(0.024darcy). The average calculated radius of pit openings in the heartwood was $0.101{\mu}m$ for L. gmelini, $0.152{\mu}m$ for P. sylvestris for and $0.703{\mu}m$ for P. jezoensis. Heartwood permeability increases with the increase in radius of pit pore and the decrease in ring width and in extractive content, even though the correlation between permeability and its affecting factors was dependent on species. However, there was an inverse relationship between specific gravity and permeability, showing poor correlation between them. The correlation between air permeability and liquid retention was fairly high, so it was revealed that prediction of liquid absorption into the wood by using permeability was feasible.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.23-38
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• 1990

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 다재하조건(多載荷條件), 허용응력(許容應力), 좌굴응력(座屈應力), 변위(變位), 고유진동수(固有振動數) 제약(制約)을 고려(考慮)한 트러스 구조물(構造物)의 형상(形狀)을 효율적(效率的)으로 최적화(最適化)하기 위해서 Two-Levels 분할(分割) 최적화(最適化) 기법(技法)을 택(擇)하고 Level 1에서는 허용방향법(許容方向法)에 의(依)한 단면(斷面) 최적화(最適化), Level 2에서 Powell 1법(法)의 일방향(一方向) 탐사법(探査法)에 의(依)한 목적함수(目的函數)만이 최소(最小)가 되도록 형상(形狀)을 최적화(最適化)하였다. 본 연구(硏究)의 알고리즘을 트러스의 구조모형(構造模型)에 적용(適用)하여 얻어진 연구(硏究) 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 알고리즘은 트러스의 형태(形態), 재하조건(載荷條件), 정적제약조건(靜的制約條件), 고유진동수(固有振動數) 제약조건(制約條件) 등(等)에 구애받지 않고 효율적(效率的)으로 수렴(收斂)함을 알 수 있다. 2. 트러스 구조물(構造物)의 최적형상(最適形狀)은 고려(考慮)되는 제약조건식(制約條件式)에 따라 대단(大端)히 상이(相異)함을 알 수 있다. 3. 동일(同一)한 설계조건하(設計條件下)에서 트러스의 기하학적형태(幾何學的形態)를 고정(固定)시키고 단면(斷面)만을 최적화(最適化)한 경우 보다 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 알고리즘에 의(依)하여 트러스의 형상(形狀)까지도 최적화(最適化)한 경우에는 트러스의 초기(初期)의 기하형태(幾何形態)와 설계조건(設計條件)에 따라 다소(多少) 차이(差異)가 있겠지만 중량(重量)을 상당(相當)히 감소(減少)시킬 수 있다는 사실(事實)을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 무분극 GaN층에서 관찰되는 성장축의 방향성에 따른 전기적 비등방성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위해 $\gamma$-plane 사파이어 기판 상에 유기화학기상증착법 (Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition)을 이용하여 600 nm 두께의 ${\alpha}$-plane n-type GaN층을 성장시킨 후, Ti/Al/Ni/Au (20 nm/ 150 nm/ 30 nm/ 100 nm) 오믹 전극을 증착하여 transfer length method (TLM)로 접촉저항을 측정하였다. 그 결과, ${\alpha}$-plane GaN층이 갖는 축의 방향성에 의한 접촉저항이 차이는 없는 것을 확인하였고, 면저항 측정 시에는 m-축 방향에 비해 c-축 방향에서 발생하는 면저항 값이 약 25%~75% 정도 크게 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 전기적 특성의 비등방성은 c-축 성장방향에 대해 수직방향을 갖는 기저적층결함 (basal stacking faults)의 생성으로 인한 전자들의 거동 저하에 의한 것으로 사료된다.