• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

This research was implemented to check what effects entrepreneurship have on the entrepreneurial intention verify the emotional factor 'Fear on Business' in terms of the relationship between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention. Above all, in the study Health Belief Model was applied to research into emotional factors, such as 'Fear on Business'. Specifically, it was performed to check what effects 'Fear on Business' has on the entrepreneurial intention and to see if there are any mediating effects between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention. To achieve the research purposes above, the students who took a business start-up and entrepreneurship related course were surveyed (all 356); and research findings were produced. To summarize the findings, entrepreneurship did influence the entrepreneurial intention significantly. In addition, entrepreneurship significantly influenced 'Fear on Business'. And 'Fear on Business' significantly influenced the EI; it turned out that 'Fear on Business' plays a mediating role between entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention. From these result, it is thought that programs or policies for reducing 'Fear on Business' are needed. Finally, because entrepreneurship can affect the entrepreneurial intention through the medium of 'Fear on Business', it is thought that the government's effort to create a social atmosphere is needed to overcome 'Fear on Business'.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.395-407
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• 2022

This study examines the emotional undercurrents of individual investors. Earlier finance theory was based on the assumption that investors would act rationally. According to the findings, it is the investors' collective expectations and anxieties that have an impact on their investment fortunes. This necessitates a high level of emotional stability on the side of the investors. Investors must have a firm foundation in financial literacy to have the requisite level of emotional stability. This study aims to add to existing theory and practice by analyzing whether investors who have received business-related education are less emotional than those who have not. For the survey inquiry of individual investors, 'fear' and 'love' are considered among the emotional undercurrents of individual investors. The research is based on a survey of 875 individual investors in India, 342 of whom had a business background and the others have none. It has been discovered that no investor, regardless of their level of business education, is emotion-free. Investors with and without a business education display emotional stability in many behavioral aspects of fear and love to varying degrees.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-61
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• 2016

This study investigates the relationship between fear of failure of potential entrepreneur's psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions using the mediation variables of planned behavior model. There are many existing prior research related to the entrepreneurial intentions, but they were mostly focused only entrepreneurial success factors. So in this study we focused on fear of failure of potential entrepreneur. To know the influence of the fear of failure related to entrepreneurial intention, we using the scale of PFAI (Performances Failure Appraisal Inventory). The purpose of this study is to examine an impact of fear of failure on entrepreneurial intention and add to mediating factors - attitude toward the acts, subjective norm, perceived behavior control - on the relationship between fear of failure and entrepreneurial intention. Also we examined entrepreneurial education as moderating effect in order to offset the fear of failure. In order to test research model, we collected data from 321 undergraduate students. To test the research questions and hypotheses, we employed SPSS 21.0 anf AMOS 18.0 for validity, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural model analysis. The results were as follows. First, the fear of failure negatively related to attitude toward the behavior and subjective norm. Second, attitude toward the behavior and subjective norm positively related to entrepreneurial intention in consistent with previous studies. Third, attitude toward the acts and subjective norm in TPB variables have full-mediation effects between fear of failure and intrepreneurial intention. Fourth, The moderating effects of entrepreneurial effect was not significant. The negative relationship between fear of failure and attitude toward the acts and subjective norm was even slightly stronger who have taken the entrepreneurial class group. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications, and provide suggestions for future research.

• Korean small business review
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.59-93
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• 2021

This study surveyed 413 small business owners who experienced closure to see how the loss perception experienced by small business owners affects their comeback through fear of failure. The analysis results are as follows. First, the larger the received loss of financial capital, market capital, and social capital, the greater the fear of failure. Second, the greater the fear of failure, the less willingness to re-start-up, but it did not affect the willingness to work. Third, perceived loss of financial capital, market capital, and social capital grew fear of failure, which negatively affected the willingness to re-start. However, as for the willingness to work, only the perception of loss to market competitiveness strengthened the willingness to work through fear of failure. This suggests that if you think you are out of business due to market competitiveness, you are more likely to choose to get a job than to start a business. Fourth, those with higher entrepreneurial self-efficiency had less effect of perceived loss on fair of failure than those with lower entrepreneurial loss. In other words, it can be seen that a person with high entrepreneurial self-efficiency is likely to start-up. It is noteworthy that despite the tendency to fail due to market competition and lack of understanding of risks, small business operators were most aware of the loss of social capital. This is presumed to have had the greatest impact on fear of failure because small business owners try to receive funding or business revitalization support through social networks such as acquaintances and relatives. Based on the above results, this study requires sufficient market research to secure a competitive advantage when preparing for start-ups through policy practice suggestions, and suggests ways to reduce financial loss through the establishment of sophisticated business plans.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.141-157
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• 2023

Start-ups are the driving force of economic development and play an important role in improving national competitiveness. The country's start-up support policies are increasing every year, but indicators that do not challenge them and do not consider future start-ups can predict employment reduction and unemployment can increase further. You can. The increase in the number of young people doing nothing is causing economic hardship and neglect of future precious human resources, which calls for a more realistic national entrepreneurship policy. Accordingly, this study sought to identify bias and environmental factors in order to reveal factors that influence the will to start a business among potential entrepreneurs in Korea. For this purpose, descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS on a sample of 227 responses from the general public who are potential entrepreneurs interested in starting a business. As a result, prejudice decreased the will to start a business and increased fear of failure. On the other hand, the entrepreneur's environmental factors reduced the fear of failure and increased the will to start a business. Lastly, fear of failure was found to play a mediating role between the two independent variables and the will to start a business. The results of this study showed that prejudice was a negative factor in the will to start a business, and the environment was a positive factor. These research results suggest that in order to revitalize entrepreneurship, positive environmental factors that can provide entrepreneurs' correct recognition and support for entrepreneurship are necessary.

• Korean small business review
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.65-86
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• 2019

This study empirically analyzed how the elements of entrepreneurship and the fear of entrepreneurial failure influence entrepreneurial intention with each other in a situation that encourages startups. In particular, the moderating effect of fear of entrepreneurial failure was verified by dividing the fear of entrepreneurial failure into three sub-variables: fear of financial loss, fear of psychological loss, and fear of career loss. As a result, it was found that proactiveness and risk-taking had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, but innovativeness did not. Fear of entrepreneurial failure(all of sub-variables) was found to have no significantly moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Therefore it seemed to have a negative effect as a independent variable. However, considering the regression coefficient(β) is positive or negative depending on the interaction terms of the sub-variables of fear of entrepreneurial failure and the entrepreneurship, it could be inferred that the moderating effect could be positive or negative. Based on this research results, a sophisticated entrepreneurship education program to inspire entrepreneurship and lower the fear of failure is needed in order to promote startups. And at the same time, a social safety net construction plan to reduce the fear of entrepreneurial failure needs to be prepared.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.143-157
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is firstly, to find out the factors of entrepreneurial intention in potential entrepreneurs, and secondly to examine the relationship between objective start-up environment and subjective recognition of start-up environment, and entrepreneurial intention. For this study, investigation has been done to find out if fear of business failure, that is notoriously high among Koreans, acts as an influential factor between objective start-up environment/subjective recognition of start-up environment and entrepreneurial intention. The data is collected from 335 respondents comprised of college students and adults who are interested in starting their own businesses. The results of this study are as follows : (1) Objective start-up environment and subjective recognition of start-up environment, which is self-efficacy, have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. (2) Fear of business failure mediates the relationship between objective start-up environment/subjective recognition of start-up environment, and entrepreneurial intention (3) Child-care system, as an explain variable in the objective start-up environment in this study, is an important factor in the process of entrepreneurial commitment.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.84-93
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the spread of COVID-19 infectious diseases acts as a fear to investors and affects the direction and volatility of stock returns. The investor fear index was proposed using the domestic confirmed patient information of COVID-19, and the influence on stock prices was empirically analyzed. The direction and volatility models of stock prices used the Granger causality and GARCH models, respectively. The results of empirical analysis using the KOSPI index from February 20, 2020 to June 30, 2021 are as follows: First, the COVID-19 fear index showed causality to future stock prices. Second, the COVID-19 fear index has a negative effect on the volatility of KOSPI index returns. In future studies, it is necessary to document the cause by using individual business performance and stock price instead of the stock index.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 2022

Purpose: This is a descriptive correlation study to confirm the effect of stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 on the quality of life of small business owners in an area under environment of COVID-19. Methods: The participants were 150 small business owners in an area. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS 25.0 Program. Results: The stress of small business owners averaged 3.67±0.65 out of 4 points, anxiety of COVID-19 was 2.65±0.52, and quality of life was 75.61±20.26 out of 130 points. The quality of life showed a significant negative correlation with 'fear of infection' (r=-.42, p<.001), 'difficulties caused by social distancing' (r=-.49, p<.001) in the stress subdomain, and anxiety (r=-.61, p<.001). On the other hand, stress, 'fear of infection' (r=.50, p<.001), 'difficulties caused by social distancing' (r=.60 p<.001), 'anger against others' (r=.35, p<.001) and anxiety showed positive correlation. Factors affecting the quality of life of the subjects were 'fear of infection' in the stress subdomain (β=-.23, p=.003), anxiety (β=-.45, p<.001), and residential area (J zone) (β=-.16, p=.030). These factors explained 47.0% of the variance. Conclusion: In order to enhance the quality of life of small business owners in an area, it is required to reduce stress and anxiety. In addition, it is necessary to prepare an intervention program that can reduce stress and anxiety of small business owners.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.562-575
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to test the determinants of fashion savvy. As determinants, this study examined fear of negative evaluation by others and self esteem as subject-related variables and consumer confidence in fashion decisions as the product-related variable. It was hypothesized that fear of negative evaluation and self esteem influence fashion savvy both directly and indirectly through consumer confidence in fashion decisions. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul metropolitan area, using convenience sampling, and 311 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. In analyzing data, factor analysis and path analysis were conducted. Tests of the hypothesized path show that one factor of fear of negative evaluation and self esteem influence fashion savvy directly and indirectly through consumer confidence in fashion decisions. More specifically, 'fear of negative impression and judgment' factor negatively influences 'marketing literacy' and 'consumer selfefficacy' of fashion savvy, whereas self-esteem positively influences 'consumer self-efficacy' of fashion savvy. In addition, consumer confidence in fashion decisions influences all six factors of fashion savvy. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future study are also discussed.