Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.3.279

The Effect of Stress and Anxiety Caused by COVID-19 on the Quality of Life of Small Business Owners in an Area  

Kim, Hae Ok (Department of Nursing, Kyungnam University)
Kim, Hyoen Jeong (Graduate School, Ewha Womans University)
Jo, Hye Ji (University Haeundae Paik Hospital)
Publication Information
Research in Community and Public Health Nursing / v.33, no.3, 2022 , pp. 279-289 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This is a descriptive correlation study to confirm the effect of stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 on the quality of life of small business owners in an area under environment of COVID-19. Methods: The participants were 150 small business owners in an area. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS 25.0 Program. Results: The stress of small business owners averaged 3.67±0.65 out of 4 points, anxiety of COVID-19 was 2.65±0.52, and quality of life was 75.61±20.26 out of 130 points. The quality of life showed a significant negative correlation with 'fear of infection' (r=-.42, p<.001), 'difficulties caused by social distancing' (r=-.49, p<.001) in the stress subdomain, and anxiety (r=-.61, p<.001). On the other hand, stress, 'fear of infection' (r=.50, p<.001), 'difficulties caused by social distancing' (r=.60 p<.001), 'anger against others' (r=.35, p<.001) and anxiety showed positive correlation. Factors affecting the quality of life of the subjects were 'fear of infection' in the stress subdomain (β=-.23, p=.003), anxiety (β=-.45, p<.001), and residential area (J zone) (β=-.16, p=.030). These factors explained 47.0% of the variance. Conclusion: In order to enhance the quality of life of small business owners in an area, it is required to reduce stress and anxiety. In addition, it is necessary to prepare an intervention program that can reduce stress and anxiety of small business owners.
Keywords
COVID-19; Stress; Quality of life;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 World Health Organization (WHO). Timeline: WHO's COVID19 response [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; c2021 [cited 2021 July 19]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline
2 Main A, Zhou Q, Ma Y, Luecken LJ, Liu X. Relations of SARSrelated stressors and coping to Chinese college students' psychological adjustment during the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2011;58(3):410-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023632   DOI
3 Serafini G, Parmigiani B, Amerio A, Aguglia A, Sher L, Amore M. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population. An International Journal of Medicine. 2020;113(8):531-537. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa201   DOI
4 Song HJ, Cho YJ. The effects of COVID-19 damage experience on the satisfaction of people's life: Focusing on the differences in groups by generation and income level. The Korean Association for Local Government Studies. A Collection of Academic Conference Materials. 2021;11:615-637.
5 Banerjee D, Rai M. Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2020;66(6):525-527. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020922269   DOI
6 Bhuiyan AKM, Sakib N, Pakpour A, Griffiths M. COVID-19-related suicides in Bangladesh due to lockdown and economic factors: Case study evidence from media reports. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2021;19(6):2110-2115.   DOI
7 Kim SY. A convergence study of stress caused by the epidemic of COVID-19, quality of life and positive psychological capital. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society. 2020;11(6):423-431. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2020.11.6.423   DOI
8 Lee HJ, Kim MG, Joung EH, Jun JH. Household income reduction in Korea. Research Report. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. 2020;01. Report No. 2020-01.
9 Ha YM, Park HJ. Effect of job insecurity on job related depression and anxiety: Large-and small-sized company employees. Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing. 2016;25(4):329-339. https://doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2016.25.4.329   DOI
10 Kim DS, Kim JM, Shin JY, Kim SC, Hyun MH. The effect of long working hours on binge eating behavior: The mediating effects of negative emotions. Korean Journal of Stress Research. 2017;25(1):17-22. https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2017.25.1.17   DOI
11 Park BH, Oh YJ. The effect of social capital on health-related quality of life of residents in integrated Changwon city: using the data of the 2013 community health survey. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing. 2015;26(4):342-354. https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.4.342   DOI
12 Yu MS. COVID-19 and social health. Reserch Report. COVID-19 planning research group. c2020 [cited 2021 September 19]. Available from: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/upload/140/202004/1587272234428_20200419135725.pdf
13 Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health. 2020;16(1):57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w   DOI
14 Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research. 2020;287:112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934   DOI
15 Kim EH, Park SY, Lee YJ, Park H. Development and initial validation of the COVID stress scale for Korean people. Korean Journal of Counseling. 2021;22(1):141-163. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.22.1.202102.141   DOI
16 Kim YB. Corporate and labor market participants' response to the COVID-19 crisis. Monthly Labor Review. 2020;187:7-18.
17 Cho MS. Factors associated with quality of life among disaster victims: An analysis of the 3rd nationwide panel survey of disaster victims. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing. 2019;30(2):217-225. https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.2.217   DOI
18 Jun JN, Lee JH. Current status and challenges of mental health care for COVID-19.Health and Welfare Policy Forum. Issue & Focus. 2020;375:1-8.
19 Choi JS. Policy suggestions for small businesses after Covid19 pandemic; A pilot study. The Korean Academy for Trade Credit Insurance. 2022;23(1):183-197. https://doi.org/10.22875/jiti.2022.23.1.012   DOI
20 Cowling BJ, Ng DMW, Ip DKM, Liao Q, Lam WWT, Wu JT, et al. Community psychological and behavioral responses through the first wave of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Hong Kong. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010;202(6):867-876. https://doi.org/10.1086/655811   DOI
21 Kim JT, Shin DK. A study based on the standardization of the STAI for Korea. New Med J. 1978;21(11):69-75.
22 Lee DH, Kim YJ, Lee DH, Hwang HH, Nam SK, Kim JY. The influence of public fear, and psycho-social experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic on depression and anxiety in South Korea. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2020;32(4):2119-2156. https://doi.org/10.23844/kjcp.2020.11.32.4.2119   DOI
23 Kwon HK, Seong MH. Effects of COVID-19 fear, anxiety, and depression on health-related quality of life in the elderly. The Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 2021;12(4):1303-1318.
24 Lee TL, Lee SW, Lee YS, Choi JD, Kwon GW. In the era of COVID-19, the direction of support for self-employed and small business owners. 1Research Report. Krihs Policy Brief. 2021; Mar:1-6.Report No. 805.
25 Min SK, Lee CI, Kim KI, Suh SY, Kim DK. Development of Korean version of WHO quality of life scale abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 2000;39(3):571-579.
26 KBIZ. A survey of changes in work and life of small business owners caused by COVID-19 [Internet]. Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business. c2021 [cited 2021 September 19]. Available from: https://www.kbiz.or.kr/ko/contents/bbs/view.do?seq=149304&pg=33&pgSz=9&mnSeq=207&schFld=whle&schTxt
27 Lee RH. Factors related to COVID-19 anxiety and stress: Focusing on demographic characteristics and neighborhood satisfaction. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 2021;21(6):71-80. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2021.21.06.071   DOI
28 KSTSS. Coronavirus disease-19 national mental health survey [Internet]. c2020 [cited 2021 September 12]. Available from: http://kstss.kr/?p=1873/