• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.1417-1423
• /
• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the supplementation effects of $C_{18:2}$ rich-soybean oil or $C_{18:3}$ rich-perilla oil (7% of total diet, DM basis) for 12 weeks on plasma metabolites, fatty acid profile, in vitro lipogenesis, and activities of LPL and FAS in adipose tissue of sheep. The treatments were basal diet (Control), $C_{18:2}$ rich-soybean oil supplemented diet (SO-D) and $C_{18:3}$ rich-perilla oil supplemented diet (PO-D). All the sheep were fed the diets consisting of roughage to concentrate in the ratio of 40:60 (DM basis). Oil supplemented diets (SO-D and PO-D) slightly increased contents of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), proportions of both cis-9 trans-11 and trans-10 cis-12 CLA and TVA, but lowered (p<0.01) those of $C_{18:0}$ compared to the control diet. No differences were observed in the contents of TG and TC and proportions of fatty acids in plasma between supplemented oils. Oil supplemented diets slightly increased the proportions of cis-9 trans-11 and trans-10 cis-12 types of CLA in subcutaneous adipose tissue of sheep compared to the control diet. The rate of lipogenesis with acetate was higher (p<0.01) for intermuscular- and subcutaneous adipose tissues than that for intramuscular adipose tissue, while that with glucose did not differ among fat locations in sheep fed SO-D. No differences were observed in the rate of lipogenesis between substrates in all fat locations. The rates of lipogenesis with glucose increased only in the intermuscular- (p<0.01) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (p<0.005) compared to those with acetate. The rates of lipogenesis with acetate were the highest in the intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue of the sheep fed PO-D. Oil supplemented diets slightly increased the rate of lipogenesis with glucose for all fat locations. Supplementation of oils to the diet numerically increased the fatty acid synthase activity but did not affect the lipoprotein lipase activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.609-616
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary low grade soybean, fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (FSB 1) or Bacillus subtilis var. natto (FSB 2), on egg production and quality, fat and cholesterol content, and the fatty acid (FA) profile of eggs by lipid layer. A total of 18 Hi-Line strain layers, 22 wk of age, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: no fermented soybean (control), control with 15% FSB 1 (C + FSB 1), and control with 15% FSB 2 (C + FSB 2). The rate of egg production and egg weight were evaluated between two periods: one was from the 1st to 4th wk and the other was from the 5th to 8th wk. At the 8th wk, a total of 30 eggs were randomly selected from each treatment group and analyzed for physical quality, fat content, fatty acid composition and cholesterol content. The results showed that egg production was increased in hens fed with diets containing fermented soybeans from the 5th to 8th wk period (p<0.01). A similar tendency was observed through eight weeks' cumulative egg production (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in egg production between the C + FSB 1 and C + FSB 2 treatment groups (p>0.05). Egg weight and other physical properties did not vary between treatment groups (p>0.05). Egg yolks among different treatment groups were similar in fat content, but egg yolks in the C + FSB 1 and C + FSB 2 groups had lower oleic acid (p<0.05), higher linoleic, ${\alpha}$-linolenic, and arachidonic acids (p<0.01), and lower cholesterol content (p<0.05) than those in the control group. In conclusion, supplementation of fermented low grade soybeans might be useful as a functional feedstuff to improve egg production and quality for a healthy human diet.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.215-223
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to prepare canned skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis in the mixture of isotonic beverage and tomato paste (ST-S) for use as a health food. An analysis of the time-temperature profile and viable cells showed that a reasonable F0 value for ST-S preparation was 4 min. The proximate composition of ST-S was 76.8% moisture, 20.2% crude protein, 0.8% crude lipid, 1.7% ash and 0.5% carbohydrate. The calorie content of ST-S was 94.8 kcal, which is 47.4% lower than that of commercial canned skipjack tuna in oil (ST-O) and 2.2% lower than that of commercial chicken breast in water (CB-B). The total amino acid content of ST-S was 18.54 g/100 g, which is 31.4% lower than that of ST-O and 7.9% lower than that of CB-B. The major amino acids in ST-S were aspartic acid and glutamic acid. An enrichment effect due to such minerals as phosphorus, potassium and iron would be expected on consuming 100 g of ST-S. The major fatty acids in ST-S were 16:0 (27.4%), 18:1n-9 (14.3%) and 22:6n-3 (27.8%), which are different from those in ST-O and CB-B. The major free amino acids in ST-S were glutamic acid (8.1%), histidine (38.6%) and its related dipeptide, such as anserine (15.7%). In an evaluation of taste, flavor and color, ST-S was found to be superior to ST-O and CB-B.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2019

Metabolic profile test is used to evaluate nutritional imbalance and metabolic disease in dairy cows. The reference intervals of metabolic parameters may change according to nation, region, decades, and maintenance system. Despite the need to be periodically updated for the reference intervals of metabolic parameters, it has rarely been investigated in Korea. Therefore, this aim of study was to provide the reference intervals of metabolic parameters using dairy cows surveyed in Korea during recent years. A metabolic profile test was conducted for 2,976 clinically healthy dairy cows in Korea. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of serum metabolites. This study provided reference intervals of thirteen metabolic parameters (${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate [${\beta}-HB$], non-esterified fatty acids [NEFA], glucose, total cholesterol [T-COL], total protein, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium). BUN and AST values of the current study were higher than those of previous studies. In the present study, the other metabolic parameters showed low or similar value compared to previous results. Moreover, ${\beta}-HB$, NEFA, T-COL, ALB, BUN, AST, and GGT values were affected by lactation period. This study provided information on the reference intervals of metabolites in healthy dairy cows in Korea. The reference intervals from the present study would be useful in managing and diagnosing disease of dairy cows. However, careful attention should be given in interpreting disease condition for metabolites affected by lactation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.223-233
• /
• 2013

Acid deposition is one of the most serious environmental problems in ecosystems. The present study surveyed the effects of simulated acid rain on leaf litter mass loss and microbial community in the decomposing leaf litter of Sorbus anifolia in a microcosm at $23^{\circ}C$ and 40% humidity. Microbial biomass was measured by substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and the microbial community structures were determined by composition of PLFAs at each interval of decomposition in litter sample and at each pH treatment. The microbial biomass showed peaks at mid-stage of decomposition, decreasing at the late stage. The leaf litter mass loss of S. anifolia decreased with decreasing pH during early and mid-decomposition stages; however the mass loss becomes similar between pH treatments at late-decomposition stage. The acidification remarkably lowers the microbial biomass of bacteria and fungi; however, microbial diversity was unchanged between pH treatments at each stage of litter decomposition. With changes of decomposition stage and pH treatment there were considerable differences in replacement and compensation of microbial species. Fungi/bacteria ratio was considerably changed by pH treatment. The PLFA profile showed significantly larger fungi/bacteria ratio at pH 5 than pH 3 at the early stage of decomposition, and the difference becomes smaller at the later decomposition stage. At low pH, pH 3 and pH 4, the fungi/bacteria ratios were stable according to the litter decomposition stages. Simulated acid rain caused decreases of 10Me17:0, 16:1${\omega}$7c, 18:1${\omega}$7, 15:0, but increase of 24:0. In addition, litter mass loss showed significant positive correlation with microbial biomass measured by SIR and PLFA on the decomposing leaf litter.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 phytic acid를 myo-inositol과 무기태인으로 분해시키는 효소인 phytase 생산균주의 분리 및 효소생산의 배지최적하에 관한 것이다. 1차로 calcium phytate를 기질로 함유한 phytase screening 배지를 이용하여 phytase 생산을 나타내는 균주 35가지를 이용하여 분리한 후, sodium phytate를 기질로 하여 재현성 있는 phytase 활성을 나타내는 균주 12가지를 선발하였다. 12개의 균주 중 BHI broth에서 배양한 조효소액의 phytase 활성이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타난 YH100을 선발하여 주사현미경 관찰, 16S rRNA sequence 분석, GC conten(mol%) 조성, 지방산 분석, API 20E kit를 이용한 test 결과 Enterobacter cloacae로 동정되어, 이 균주를 Enterobacter cloacae YH100이라 명명하였다. Enterobacter cloacae YH100에 의한 phytase 생산을 위한 최적 배지 조성을 파악한 결과 glucose 2.0%(w/v), peptone 1.0%(w/v), beef extract 1.0%(w/v), KCI 0.1%(w/v), sodium phytate 0.1%(w/v)로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권12호
• /
• pp.1711-1717
• /
• 2017

Objective: This experiment was studied the effects of various levels of crude glycerin (CG) in dairy goat diet on daily intake, milk yield, milk composition, some physical properties and some quality changes of goat milk after sterilization. Methods: Twelve 75% Saanen dairy goats (body weight = $49{\pm}3kg$; days in milk = $60{\pm}12d$) were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of three experimental diets consisting of 0%, 5%, and 10% CG (dry matter basis) which were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements of goats. Experimental dairy goats were evaluated for feed and milk yield. Milk samples were analyzed for their composition, including fatty acids, casein profile, fat globule size, and color, and were sterilized to evaluate milk heat stability. Results: There were no significant differences between 0% and 5% CG treatments infeed. Increasing CG supplementation from 0% to 5% increased milk yield from $2.38{\pm}0.12$ to $2.64{\pm}0.23kg/goat/d$. In addition, milk samples from 5% CG treatment had the highest total solids, fat content and lactose content, and largest fat globule size. Increasing CG to 10% resulted in a decrease in milk fat. After sterilizing at $116^{\circ}C$, $F_0=3min$, goat milk samples from 5% CG treatment had slightly higher sediment content and comparatively higher degree of browning. Conclusion: Considering milk yield, milk fat content and quality of sterilized milk, 5% CG supplementation in a total mixed ration has a potential for implementation in dairy goats.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.53-56
• /
• 1981

냉동 단옥수수에서 발생하는 이취와 lipoxygenase 역가간의 관계를 규명하기 위하려 여러 가지 시험이 수행되었다. 수확직후 단옥수수의 lipoxygenase 역가는 전체의 약 60%가 배아부분에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 자숙하지 않은 채 단옥수수를 냉동 저장했을 때 저장중에 이취가 발생되었으며, 이취가 발생된 단옥수수의 flavor profilerk가장 중요한 변화는 대조구에 비하여 $4{\sim}5$배 높게 나타난 hexanal peak였다. 살균 처리한 단옥수수에 lipoxygenase를 단독 또는 다른 효소와 혼합하여 첨가한 처리구에서 높은 hexanal peak가 관찰되었는데, 이런점으로 미루어보아 이취가 발생된 단옥수수의 높은 hexanal peak는 리놀레산(그리고 기타 불포화 지방산)이 lipoxygenase의 촉매작용으로 산화된데 기인하는 것으로 여겨진다. Lipoxygenase의 역가와 리놀레산 함량분포를 근거로 관찰해 보면 이런 산화작용이 대부분 배아부분에서 일어난다고 할 수 있겠다. 냉동 저장한 대공에 붙은 단옥수수(corn-on-the-cob)의 관능시험결과와 배아부분의 hexanal peak간에는 유의성이 있는 상관관계가 있었으며, 이런 결과는 냉동 단옥수수의 이취발생여부를 객관적으로 측정하는 방법으로 hexanal peak를 사용할 수 있음을 말해준다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.260-264
• /
• 1992

동결저장 중 정어리버어거의 pH는 약간 감소하였고, 휘발성 염기질소 함량은 조금 증가하였다. 동결저장 중 과산화물값, TBA값, 지방산조성 및 색조를 측정한 결과 항산화제를 첨가하여 정어리버어거를 제조한 제품(E)와 진공포장한 제품(V)이 지질산화나 산화변색이 억제되었고, 억제효과는 항산화제첨가제품(E) 보다 진공포장제품(V)이 더욱 우수하였다. 정어리버어거를 진공포장함으로써 histidine을 주체로 하는 유리아미노산, IMP를 주성분으로 하는 핵산관련물질, total creatinine, betaine, TMAO와 같은 정미성분, 구성아미노산 및 텍스튜어는 동결저장 중 거의 변화가 없었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.290-299
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the association between dietary calcium intake and biomarkers related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five subjects (41 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of patients who had visited the department of endocrine medicine. Data on anthropometric characteristics, clinical indices such as hemoglobin A1c and C-reactive protein (CRP), and dietary nutrient intakes were collected. Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of their calcium intake [< EAR (below estimated average requirement), EAR-RNI (between EAR and recommended nutrient intake), > RNI (above RNI)]. Average calcium intake of < EAR, EAR-RNI, > RNI groups were $462.7{\pm}18.7$, $649.7{\pm}12.8$, and $895.7{\pm}21.7mg$, respectively. Energy intake was not different among groups but intakes of protein, total and saturated fatty acids were significantly higher in > RNI group than < EAR group. Analysis of covariance revealed that HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in EAR-RNI group, as compared to < EAR group after adjustment with confounders such as age, sex, BMI and energy intake (p < 0.05). Levels of CRP and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were significantly lower in EAR-RNI group. Total cholesterol level was higher in EAR-RNI and > RNI groups, although within the normal range. Our results suggest that dietary calcium intake may influence the levels of HDL-cholesterol, CRP and HOMA2-IR and subsequently, help management/treatment of type 2 diabetes patients.