• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.211-226
• /
• 2007

Objectives : These experimental studies were designed to investigate the effects of Bangpoongtongsungsankamibang on the weight and the lipid metabolism of the obese rats induced by 2% cholesterol diet. They were designed to change values in the serum and leptin levels in the rats. Materials and Methods : The serum and leptin levels were measured for a period of 8 weeks for obese SD rats induced by 2% cholesterol diet. Results : The body weight showed a tendency to decreased significantly in sample (p<0.05). The Total cholesterol and Triglyceride level significantly decreased in sample (p<0.05). The HDL Cholesterol levels significantly increased in sample (p<0.05). The LDH levels did not show a significant change in sample. The ALP levels significantly decreased in sample (p<0.05). The SGOT and SGPT level did not show a significant change in sample. The Leptin levels significantly decreased in sample (p<0.05). The average size of the epididymal fat cell significantly decreased in sample (p<0.05).

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.49 no.8
• /
• pp.401-402
• /
• 2016

S6K1 is a key regulator of cell growth, cell size, and metabolism. Although the role of cytosolic S6K1 in cellular processes is well established, the function of S6K1 in the nucleus remains poorly understood. Our recent study has revealed that S6K1 is translocated into the nucleus upon adipogenic stimulus where it directly binds to and phosphorylates H2B at serine 36. Such phosphorylation promotes EZH2 recruitment and subsequent histone H3K27 trimethylation on the promoter of its target genes including Wnt6, Wnt10a, and Wnt10b, leading to repression of their expression. S6K1-mediated suppression of Wnt genes facilitates adipogenic differentiation through the expression of adipogenic transcription factors PPARγ and Cebpa. White adipose tissues from S6K1-deficient mice consistently exhibit marked reduction in H2BS36 phosphorylation (H2BS36p) and H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), leading to enhanced expression of Wnt genes. In addition, expression levels of H2BS36p and H3K27me3 are highly elevated in white adipose tissues from mice fed on high-fat diet or from obese humans. These findings describe a novel role of S6K1 as a transcriptional regulator controlling an epigenetic network initiated by phosphorylation of H2B and trimethylation of H3, thus shutting off Wnt gene expression in early adipogenesis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2002

Alteration in the syntesis or enhanced inactivation of nitric oxide(NO) can induce impairment of endothelial cell function. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) is characterized by impaired endothelial function and vascular disease. NO is produced through L-arginine pathway To elucidate the hypothesis that the decreased production on NO in IDDM reflects vascular damage and the NO production can be manipulated by either dietary fat(7% of kg diet) or the oral supplementation with L-arginine(2g/kg bw), plasma markers for vascular endothelial damage and plasma lipid profiles were measured in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic or normal Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks(SO : soybean oil, SOA: soybean oil + L-arginine supplementation, BT : beef tallow, BTA_ beef tallow + L-arginine supplementation, OV olive oil, OVA : olive oil + L-arginine supplementation). Plasma glucose, total cholesterel, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were measured. Endothelial markers, plasma von Willebrand factor(vWf), thromboxane B$_2$, and 6-keto PGF1$\alpha$ of aorta were measured by ELISA. Plasma NO production was evaluated through the measurement of nitrite by EIA. Feeding saturated fatty acid(SFA, BT) increased relative liver size(RLS) in diabetic rats compared to either polyunsatunted fatty acid(PUFA, SO) or monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA, OV) The supplementation of L-arginine inhibited the liver and kidney enlargement in olive oil find diabetic rats. Plasma glucose was lower in diabetic animal find the olive oil compared to fed beef tallow and the supplementation L-arginine decreased it in diabetic rats find beef tallow significantly(p < 0.05). Plasma TXB$_2$ levels were increased due to diabetes and the value of beef tallow group showed highest value. Plasma vWf concentration of beef tallow group was higher value in normal rats and was elevated more in diabetes. In diabetic groups, the vWf concentration of olive oil group was lower than beef tallow or soybean oil group. The supplementation of L-arginine in diabetic rats decreased plasma TXB$_2$ and vWf levels significantly(p < 0.05). NO production was higher in normal olive oil fed rats and was tend to be decreased in diabetic rats and the supplementation of L-arginine recovered to normal value(p < 0.05), Olive oil supplemented with L-arginine tended to lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol after 4 week treatment. These results suggest that generalized vascular endothelial changes based on plasma TXB$_2$and vWf occurs in diabetic rats. and olive oil with L-arginine supplementation contributes to a better control of the hyperglycemia, endothelial changes and hypercholesterolemia accompanying diabetes as compared with beef tallow or soy bean oil in this rat model.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.8
• /
• pp.945-954
• /
• 2018

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (${\omega}3$-fatty acid) have been found to possess anticancer properties in a variety of cancer cell lines and animal models, but their effects in human tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) remain unclear. This study was designed to examine the effect of ${\omega}3$-fatty acid desaturase (fat-1) gene expression on invasion and tumorigenicity in human tongue SCC cells and the molecular mechanism of its action. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) treatment inhibited in vitro invasion in a dose-dependent manner. In zymography, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) activities were reduced, and MMP-9 and MMP-2 promoter activities were inhibited by the DHA treatment. In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter reporter activities were inhibited in SCC-4 and SCC-9 cells after the DHA treatment. To investigate the effect of a high level of endogenous ${\omega}3$ fatty acids, a stable SCC-9 cell line expressing the ${\omega}3$-desaturase gene (fSCC-9sc) was generated. The growth rate and colony-forming capacity of fSCC-9sc were remarkably decreased as compared with those of fSCC-9cc. Likewise, the tumor size and volume of fSCC-9sc implanted into nude mice were significantly inhibited, with increases in the cell death index. Furthermore, a transwell chamber invasion assay showed a reduction in cell invasion of the fSCC-9sc lines when compared with that of the fSCC-9cc line. These findings suggested that fat-1 gene expression inhibited tumorigenicity, as well as invasion in human tongue SCC cells. Thus, utilization of ${\omega}3$ fatty acids may represent a promising therapeutic approach for chemoprevention and the treatment of human tongue SCCs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.11
• /
• pp.1604-1610
• /
• 2010

We investigated the anti-obesity effects of Foeniculum fructus water extract on body weight, epididymal adipocyte size, plasma lipid levels and activities of key enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) in high fat diet-induced obese mice. Experimental groups were normal diet group (ND), high fat diet group (HFD), high fat diet with 0.05% orlistat group (HFDO), and high fat diet with 0.5% Foeniculum fructus group (HFDF). Eleven-weeks feeding with HFD resulted in significant increase in lipid levels, body weight, liver and epididymal adipose tissue weight, compared with the ND group. Diet containing Foeniculum fructus water extract significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations as well as body weight, liver and epididymal adipose tissue weights. Plasma LDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the HFDF group than those in HFDO group. LPL activities elevated by a high fat diet were significantly decreased by Foeniculum fructus water extract administration. ACS activities decreased in the high fat diet group and markedly increased in the Foeniculum fructus water extract administered group. All things considered, Foeniculum fructus water extract efficiently inhibits the inflow of fatty acid into the cell, and activates metabolic process that uses fatty acids flowing as an energy source. Thus, Foeniculum fructus water extract may have great potential as a novel anti-obesity agent.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 1998

In March 1997, a new rhabdovirus was isolated from moribund cultured Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in sea water tank and cage culture systems in Kyung-Nam and Chun-Nam province, Korea. At temperature $15^{\circ}C$ the virus replicated and induced cytopathic effects (CPE), which progressed to eventual cytolysis, in susceptible cell lines, including RTG-2 and EPC. The CHES-214 cell line was refractory. Virus particles were bullet-shaped and measured $70nm{\times}100$ to 150 nm in size. The isolate was sensitive to pH 3, to diethyl ether, and to heat ($50^{\circ}C$ 5 min, $60^{\circ}C$ 1 min). Viral replication was not inhibited by $10^{-4}$ M 5-iododeoxyuridine. Virus infectivity was reduced by anti-HRV (8401-H) rabbit serum, but can not reduced by antisera against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), chum salmon reovirus (CSV), retrovirus of salmonid (RVS) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). HRV virus antigen was detected by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) in the cytoplasm of infected EPC cell. Purified isolates virions were composed of: polymerase (L), glycoprotein (G), nucleoprotein (N) and 2 matrix proteins (M1 and M2). Based upon their relative mobilities, the estimated molecular weights of the proteins were: L, 160 kDa; G, 55 kDa; N, 45 kDa; M1, 26 kDa; and M2, 22 kDa.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.276-282
• /
• 2004

Barley flakes were developed by extrusion cooking using broken kernels, by-products of the barley pearling process. Broken kernels from both non-waxy and waxy barley broken kernels were sufficiently gelatinized at the barrel temperature of over $100^{\circ}C$ and the moisture content of broken kernels of over 35%. Cutting and flaking roll separating properties of pellets prepared from non-waxy barley broken kernels were better than those of waxy barley broken kernels. Characteristics of pellets prepared by extrusion cooking in different mixing ratios of non-waxy and waxy barley broken kernels were investigated. As the mixing ratio of waxy barley broken kernels increased, RVA peak viscosity, apparent viscosity, and yield stress of prepared pellets decreased, while flow behavior index increased. As the mixing ratio of waxy barley broken kernels increased, compressive strength and bulk density of deep-fat fried flakes drastically decreased, and the size of air cells on cross-section increased, and thickness of cell-constituting bodies decreased. Sensory evaluation results showed that acceptability for texture and taste of flakes inclosed as the mixing ratio of waxy barley broken kernels increased, and optimum mixing level of waxy barley broken kernels appeared to be 30-40%.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.11
• /
• pp.1357-1368
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-inflammation effect of the cheonggukjang (a soybean paste fermented for only a few days) in diet induced obesity mice. Weight gain was significantly decreased in the mice fed cheonggukjang compared High Fat Diets (HFD). The HFD plus cheonggukjang (CGJ) were also effective in improving the lipid metabolism. The levels of plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, ALT, AST, leptin, glucose, and insulin were significantly lower in CGJ than HFD group (p<0.05). The adiponectin level of CGJ group was significantly increased compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). In the CGJ group, the mRNA expression of adipogenic genes in the liver and adipose tissues, which are transcription factors crucial for adipogenesis, were significantly suppressed (p<0.05). The number of $CD11b^+F4/80^+$ T cells, $Gr-1^{int}CD11b^{high}$ cells, and $Gr-1^{int}CD11b^{high}$ cells were significantly higher in HFD group than CGJ group (p<0.05). The size of adipocyte was significantly reduced in CGJ group compared to HFD group. In addition, the contents of liver lipid droplets were significantly downregulated in the CGJ mice than HFD mice (p<0.05). Collectively, these data suggest the novel function of cheonggukjang in modulating adipogenesis through an immune function-alteration involving downregulation of adipogenic transcription factors and macrophage activation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.190-200
• /
• 2014

In this study, the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of the Korean traditional food jeung-pyun made with ju-bak powder were investigated. Jeung-pyun added with 10% ju-bak powder had a total polyphenol content of 54.27%, DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 91.98%, reducing power of 0.51% and SOD-like antioxidant activity of 18.21%. Jeung-pyun added with ju-bak powder had a moisture content of 52.65 to 46.94%, crude fat content of 1.61 to 1.29%, crude protein content of 3.50 to 4.66%, crude ash content of 0.68 to 0.82% and dietary fiber content of 0.12 to 1.46%. Ju-bak powder added with jeung-pyun had a pH level from 4.86 to 4.39. As ju-bak content increased, the pH decreased significantly. Color L value were 78.82 to 68.67. As ju-bak content increased, the Color L value content decreased significantly; a value ranged from -1.89 to 0.69 and b value from 2.99 to 14.25. As ju-bak content increased, the color content significantly increased. As ju-bak content increased, the volume significantly decreased (ranged from 42.50 to 30.00 mL), hardness, gumminess and chewiness significantly increased, and cohesiveness significantly decreased. From SEM, as ju-bak content increased, the pores merged and collapsed, whereas the number of pores decreased and pore size became larger. Sensory evaluation of color, flavor, taste, texture, appearance, cell uniformity and overall acceptability for various levels of ju-bak powder showed that 10% had the highest acceptability. Therefore, 10% ju-bak power added with jeung-pyun has both high antioxidant capacity and sensory acceptability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.1005-1010
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of maltodextrin on the characteristics of low-calorie layer cake. Different levels of maltodextrin were added to the cake formula based on the weight of shortening. The specific gravity of cake batter was decreased by increasing the level of maltodextrin, whereas the viscosity showed an opposite trend. The microstructures of cake crumb observed by the scanning electron microscope showed the decrease of the number and size of air cells, and those of fat particles were also decreased by increasing the level of maltodextrin. The texture profile analysis of layer cake showed statistically significant differences according to the levels of maltodextrin. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the cake batter were decreased by adding maltodextrin, while springiness, cohesiveness and resilience increased. According to the sensory evaluation, the scores of taste and texture were decreased by adding maltodextrin, but the scores of appearance, color, flavor and overall preference of the layer cake increased. Overall results suggested that the addition of 35% maltodextrin could be the best replacing ratio for the low-calorie layer cake.