• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.121-124
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• 2002

The fructan-producing enzyme, fructosyltransferase (FTF), was immobilized on the surface of 4 differents hydroxyapatites by simple incubation. Among the resins, the Type I (${20{\mu}m}$) hydroxyapatite gave the highest yield in terms of immobilization yield and enzyme activity. The fructan synthesis activity of the immobilized FTF was similar with that of the free enzyme, and were about 70-80% on fructose basis with substrate at 100~200 g/L. The binding time between the hydroxyapatite and FTF was terminated within 2 h, and the binding capacity of the Type I ($20{\mu}m$) hydroxyapatite was above 60 U of FTF/g of the resin. By immobilization, the FTF stability against proteolysis, was greatly improved by approximately 3-4 fold. Thus, the present study demonstrated that immobilization of FTF on the surface of the hydroxyapatite occurrs in simple reaction and the binding strength is strong enough to produce the fructan.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

Inhalational drug is an attractive modality for local therapy of pulmonary diseases as well as systemic drug delivery. Flower of Lonicera japonica (FLJ) and flower of Tussilag farfara (FTF) are medicinal herbs for respiratory disease in traditional Korean medicine. As a preliminary study for effective inhalable formulation of FLJ and FTF, this study was to provide the toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect on murine macrophages. The dried FLJ and FTF were extracted with distilled water, filtered and freeze-dried. After treatment with FLJ and FTF extract on RAW 264.7 cells, the cell viabilities were measured by MTT assay. FLJ and FTF did not show cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 cells. LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 3 and $30\;{\mu}g/ml$ of FLJ or FTF. FLJ and FTF did not inhibit TNF-a and IL-6 secretion in both concentration of treatment. We suggest that FLJ and FTF may be useful drugs for respiratory disease. Future work will focus on the physical characteristics for inhalable formulation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.625-634
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• 2003

This study was designed to analyze the differences in science achievement and satisfaction between the environments of Face-To-Face (FTF) and Computer Mediated Communication (CMC), and between the interactions of Teacher-Students (TS) and Students-Students (SS). The activities for the interaction in the FTF and the CMC were carried out in the environments of traditional classrooms and the on-line network of communication computer, respectively. These experiments for four different groups (CMC-TS, CMC-SS, FTF-TS and FTF-SS) were performed with respect to 103 students of three 10th grade classes at a girls' high school in Chungju city. The questionnaires were composed of 5questions for achievement, and 13 questions on Likert scale for satisfaction. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, and through examination of each question about the satisfaction. The mean of the science achievement in learning activity was significantly higher in the CMC environment than the FTF. Also, the score in the TS interaction was meaningfully higher than the SS. Under the common environment of the CMC, science achievement and satisfaction in the TS interaction were significantly higher than in the SS. A similar result has been obtained in the satisfaction case even in the common environment of the FTF. The itemized analysis for the satisfaction shows a high score in the individual condition of CMC and TS, compared to that of FTF and SS, respectively. Thus, the school activity, formed in the TS interaction in the CMC environment is more effective at improving science achievement and satisfaction in the teaching and learning of science.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.427-430
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• 1989

For on-line ARMA spectral estimation, the fast transversal filter algorithm of extended least squares method(ETS FTF) is presented. The projection operator, a key tool for geometric approach, is used in the derivation of the algorithm. ELS FTF is a fast time update recursion which is based on the fact that the correlation matrix of ARMA model satisfies the shift invariance property in each block, and thus it takes 10N+31 MADPR.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 1994

High resolution spectral analysis is essential for ECG anaysis. The fast Fourier transform has been widely used for frequency analysis of ECG signals but this procedure provides poor resolution when the data record is short and shows Gibb's phenomena. The ARMA FTF (Fast Transversal Filter) algorithm is used for high resolution spectral analysis. The reason of unsalability of this algorithm is investigated and the method for improving the numerical stability is proposed. The proposed algorithm is applied to spectral analysis of the ECG. Since this result has less variations than the FFT based results, it can be used for the computerized diagonosis of the ECG.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2004

Study 1 composed of three experiments examined differences in person perception between computer-mediated (or CMC) and face-to-face (or FTF) communications. In Experiment 1, each of 17 groups of 4-5 discussed a donation entrance system through CMC and a week later a college-based university system through FTF communication mode for half an hour. Then members of a given group rated each other along with self-ratings on five personality traits. Results indicated that in FTF than CMC condition, ratings of others were more positive and also self-peer agreement and meta-accuracy were larger in spite of no large difference in inter-judge agreement between two communication modes. In Experiment 2, 17 groups of 4 in each of the CMC and FTF condition discussed a college-based university system for an hour. Then group members rated each other on another five trait dimensions. Although ratings of others were more positive in FTF than CMC condition, there no systematic differences in two types of agreement and meta-accuracy between the two communication modes. In Experiment 3, 17 groups of 4 in each of the CMC and FTF condition discussed a donation entrance system for an hour and then group members rated each other on five trait dimensions different from those used in Experiment 1 and 2. The findings replicated Experiment 1. Study 2 examined gender differences in person perception in CMC. Fifteen dyads for each of the man-man, man-woman, and man-woman conditions communicated for an half hour in CMC and then rated each other along with self ratings on 25 personality trait dimensions. Results indicated that participants rated their partners more negatively for extorversion, agreeableness and culture factors, which was due mainly to woman's negative evaluations for their male partners. Also, self-peer agreement was the largest in the man-man communication condition. These findings were discussed in relation to differences between CMC and FTF communication modes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.881-888
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• 1993

A new stabilizing algorithm for the fast transversal filter (FTF) which is known to exhibit a very unstable behavior, due basically to the accumulation in two different ways, we define a emasure counting these at each step of the algorithm in order to reduce the roundoff error. It has been shown that required amount of computation for the proposed algorithm is linearly increased as the order of equalizer and that stability is improved in comparison with the other existing algorithm. It has been shown that the proposed algorithm exhibits a good performance using computer simulation of adaptive equalization for multipath fading channel in urban mobile radio environment.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.63-66
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• 2014

The effects of a newly developed flower thinning formulation (FTF) on the vitality of the honey bee Apis mellifera were examined by measuring the activities of various digestive enzymes in adult worker bees. First, direct spraying of the FTF solution did not cause any behavioral changes or lethal effects for the honey bees based on 24 h observation. Second, oral ingestion of a sugar solution containing the FTF did not produce any significant change in the activities of amylase, proteinases, lipase, or acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in the worker bees 6 h or 24 h after treatment. Meanwhile, a commercial formulation containing sulfur compounds showed slightly reduced activities for several digestive enzymes and AChE, although no behavioral disturbance. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that the FTF is not toxic for honey bees, in terms of contact and ingestion. Therefore, this newly developed FTF can be used for flower thinning without any detrimental effects on pollinating insects.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2002

본 논문은 HomePNA 2.0 시스템에서 채널에 의한 왜곡을 보상하기 위한 방안을 제시하는 것으로서 심벌률과 전송 방식에 따른 등화기를 Fast RLS 알고리즘인 FTF (Fast Transversal Filter) 알고리즘을 사용하여 구현하여 그 성능을 분석하며, 또한 헤더 부분의 미결정 심벌들을 이용하는 DFE (Decision Feedback Equalizer)형태로 등화기를 구성하고 이에 대한 성능을 분석하고자한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2891-2896
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• 2013

Background: To illustrate multiple approaches and to assess participation rates adopted for a community based smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala. Materials and Methods: Resident males in the age group 18-60 years who were 'current daily smokers' from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala (2 intervention and 2 control groups) were selected. Smoking status was assessed through house-to-house survey using trained volunteers. Multiple approaches included awareness on tobacco hazards during baseline survey and distribution of multicolour anti-tobacco leaflets for intervention and control groups. Further, the intervention group received a tobacco cessation booklet and four sessions of counselling which included a one-time group counselling cum medical camp, followed by proactive counselling through face-to-face (FTF) interview and mobile phone. In the second and fourth session, motivational counselling was conducted. Results: Among 928 smokers identified, smokers in intervention and control groups numbered 474 (mean age: 44.6 years, SD: 9.66 years) and 454 respectively (44.5 years, SD: 10.30 years). Among the 474 subjects, 75 (16%) had attended the group counselling cum medical camp after completion of baseline survey in the intervention group, Among the remaining subjects (n=399), 88% were contacted through FTF and mobile phone (8.5%). In the second session (4-6 weeks time period), the response rate for individual counselling was 94% (78% through FTF and 16% through mobile phone). At 3 months, 70.4% were contacted by their mobile phone and further, 19.6% through FTF (total 90%) while at 6 months (fourth session), the response rate was 74% and 16.4% for FTF and mobile phone respectively, covering 90.4% of the total subjects. Overall, in the intervention group, 97.4% of subjects were being contacted at least once and individual counselling given. Conclusion: Proactive community centred intervention programmes using multiple approaches were found to be successful to increase the participation rate for intervention.