• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2003

Gamiguibitang(GMGBT) is used in amenorrhea and female infertility caused by ovulation disorder. An attempt was made to evaluate the influences of GMGBT on the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, estradiol(E2) and progesterone, the histological and optical changes of ovary of rats. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Blood FSH level significantly increased in experimental group controlled by four times quantity as compared with control group. 2. Blood LH level increased in experimental group controlled by four times quantity as compared with control group, which showed no efficacy. 3. Blood E2 level increased in experimental group controlled by four times quantity as compared with control group, which showed no efficacy. 4. Blood progesterone level significantly decreased in experimental group controlled by double quantity as compared with control group. 5. In optically observations of ovary, weight of ovary significantly increased in experimental group controlled by double quantity as compared with control group 6. In histological observations of ovary, ovulation significantly increased in experimental group controlled by both double and four times quantity as compared with control group. According to these results, it can be concluded that GMGBT influences the pituitary gland and ovary to increase the ovulation of rats.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-71
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effect of Cervus elaphus aqua-acupuncture on the hypogonadism in male rats, hydrocortisone acetate was adminsterd per mouse to induce hypogonadism and a series of Cervus elaphus aqua-acupuncture and normal saline aqua-acupuncture treatments were done into the loci corresponding to Shinsu($BL_{23}$) for 10 days. The level of urinary 17-ketosteroids. serum FSH, prolactin, LH, testosterone and body weight were measured. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. The level of urinary 17-ketosteroids was increased by Cervus elaphus aqua-acupuncture with the statistical significance as compared with the control group. 2. The level of serum FSH was increased by Cervus elaphus aqua-acupuncture with the statistical significance as compared with the control group. 3. The level of serum prolactin was increased by Cervus elaphus aqua-acupuncture with the statistical significance as compared with the control group. 4. The level of serum LH was increased by Cervus elaphus aqua-acupuncture with the statistical significance as compared with the control group. 5. The level of serum testosterone was decreased by Cervus elaphus aqua-acupuncture with the statistical significance as compared with the control group. 6. Body weight change was increased by 3rd, 6th and 9th day after the Cervus elaphus aqua-acupuncture and 3rd,6th day after normal saline aqua-acupuncture with the statistical significance as compared with the control group.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.205-219
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• 1998

In order to study the effect of Ontoyuklin-Tang (溫土毓麟湯), applied to cold of deficiency type sterility (虛)寒不姙) in women a series of expriments were conducted on the mouse regarding the in vitro developmental effect of I-cell embryos of the medium of Ontoyuklin- Tang, the ovulationin once a day of two-days, once a day for four-days, once every two-days irregualry for six-days after administered the drug orally, the change of weight, the in vitro developmental effect of 1-cell embryos and the level of serum of LH, FSH, Estradiol $17-{\beta}$, Progesterone in mouse. The results were following. 1. The culture medium of the drug was not significantly increased in the number of zygotes and in vitro development of embryos. 2. The ovum of the mouse during ovulation, was increased by the administered drug, when treated once a day for two-days in comparison to once a day for four-days & once every two-days for six-days. 3. The level of weight of the mouse was not significantly increased after administering the drug in comparison to administering water. 4. The production of zygotes in the mouse was significantly increased after the drug was administered, but the effect of in vitro developmental effect on embros has a tendency to decrease. 5. The levels of serum LH and FSH in the mouse were not significantly increased after the drug administered, and the level of serum. Estradiol $17-{\beta}$ of mice was few increased in a very small amaunt, but the level of the serum Progesterone of mice was significantly increased.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 1981

돼지에 있어서 분만전후(分娩前後)의 혈청중(血淸中) peptide 및 steroid hormone 수준(水準)의 변화(變化)를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 8두(頭)의 임신돈(妊娠豚)을 대상(對象)으로 분만전(分娩前) 20일(日)부터 분만후(分娩後) 20일(日)까지 혈청중(血淸中)의 FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol-$17{\beta}$, progesterone 및 cortisol의 농도변화(濃度變化)를 radioimmunoassay 방법(方法)에 의(依)하여 측정(測定)하였다. 혈청(血淸) FSH의 농도(濃度)는 분만전후(分娩前後)에 큰 변화(變化)가 없었으며, $8.1{\pm}1.8mIU/ml$에서 $9.0{\pm}2.6mIU/ml$의 사이에 있었다. LH농도(濃度)는 분만(分娩) 20일전(日前)에 $2.6{\pm}0.3mIU/ml$이던것이 분만일(分娩日)에는 $3.9{\pm}1.1mIU/ml$로 증가(增加)하였으며, 분만후(分娩後) 2일(日)에는 $3.2{\pm}0.9mIU/ml$로 감소(減少)되었고, 그 후(後)로는 거의 비슷한 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하였다. Prolactin의 농도(濃度)는 분만일(分娩日)에 $68.5{\pm}9.5ng/ml$로 최고수준(最高水準)을 나타냈으며, 분만당일(分娩當日) 전후(前後)에 비교적(比較的) 높은 수준(水準)을 나타냈다. Estradiol-$17{\beta}$는 분만전(分娩前) 6일(日)에 $205.0{\pm}29.5pg/ml$로 증가(增加)하였고, 분만일(分娩日)에는 $425.0{\pm}35.6pg/ml$로 급증(急增)하였으나 분만후(分娩後) 2일(日)에는 $59.5{\pm}7.8pg/ml$로 다시 감소(感少)했다. Progesterone 농도(濃度)는 분만전(分娩前) 20일(日)부터 6일(日)까지는 $18.4{\pm}1.6{\sim}20.2{\pm}2.1ng/ml$사이에 있었으나, 분만전(分娩前) 2일(日)부터 감소(減少)하기 시작(始作)하여 분만일(分娩日)에는 $2.6{\pm}0.8ng/ml$까지 감소(減少)하였고, 분만후(分娩後) 2일(日)에는 $0.9{\pm}0.3ng/ml$에 도달(到達) 하였으며, 그 후(後)로는 거의 같은 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하였다. Cortisol은 분만일(分娩日)에 $86.5{\pm}10.5ng/ml$로 최고수준(最高水準)을 나타냈다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 1989

난소(卵巢)의 기능변화(機能變化)가 시상하부(視床下部)-하수체축(下垂體軸)에 영향(影響)을 주는 feed back 작용(作用)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 성숙(成熟) 암흰쥐 144마리를 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)(Ovx.), Estradiol(Est.) 처리군(處理群), 및 정상대조군(正常對照群)(Conto) 의 3개군(個群)으로 나누어 48마리씩 배치(配置)한 다음 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)에서는 양측난소(兩側卵巢)를 완전(完全)히 척출(剔出)하였고 Est. 처리군(處理群)에서는 마리당 $200{\mu}g$의 estradiol benzoate를 48시간(時間) 간격으로 주사(注射)하였다. 그리고 각(各) 군별(群別)로 처리후(處理後) 시간경과(時間經過)에 따라 3, 6, 12, 18 및 24시간후(時間後)와 5, 10 및 15일후(日後)에 각각(各各) 6마리씩 도살(屠殺)하여 하수체(下垂體)의 중량측정(重量測定), 및 조철학적(組鐵學的) 검색(檢索)을 실시(實施)하였고 아울러 혈청중(血淸中)의 FSH, LH 및 prolactin의 농도변화(濃度變化)를 radioimmunoassay로 측정(測定)하여 비교검토(比較檢討)한바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 하수체(下垂體)의 중량(重量)은 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)이 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비(比)하여 증가(增加)하였고 Est. 처리군(處理群)은 감소(減少)하는 석향(碩向)이었는데 처리(處理)5 일후(日後)부터 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 측정(測定)되었다. 2. 하수체조직(下垂體組織)의 변화(變化)는 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)에서는 처리(處理) 5일후(日後)부터 염기호성세포(鹽基好性細胞)가 증식(增殖) 비대(肥大)되기 시작하였고 10일후(日後)부터는 색소혐성세포(色素嫌性細胞)의 경미(輕微)한 비대(肥大)와 산호성세포(酸好性細胞)의 위축(萎縮)이 인지(認知)되었으며 Est. 처리군(處理群)에서는 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)과 반대(反對)되는 조직소견(組織所見)을 보였다. 3. FSH의 농도변화(濃度變化)는 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으며 두 처리군(處理群) 모두 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비(比)하여 높은 값을 나타냈는데 처리(處理) 18시간후(時間後)까지는 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)이 그 후(後)로는 Est. 처리군(處理群)이 최고치)最高値_를 보였다. 한편 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)은 처리(處理) 3시간후(時間後)부터 급속(急速)히 증가(增加)하여 처리(處理) 18시간후(時間後)에 가장 높은 농도(濃度)를 나타냈고 Est. 처리군(處理群)은 처리(處理) 18시간후(時間後)부터 증가(增加)하여 처리(處理) 24시간후(時間後)에는 최고치(最高値)를 보였다. 4. LH의 농도변화(濃度變化)는 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)과 Est. 처리군(處理群)이 처리(處理) 3시간후(時間後)부터 증가(增加)하여 각각(各各) 처리후(處理後) 12시간(時間)과 24시간(時間)에 최고치(最高値)를 나타냈는데 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었고 처리후(處理後) 18시간(時間)까지는 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)이 그 후(後)로는 Est. 군(群)이 높은 값을 나타냈다. 그러나 다중검정결과(多重檢定結果) 처리후(處理後)18시간(時間)과 5일이후(日以後)부터는 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)과 Est. 처리군(處理群) 상호간(相互間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 5. prolactin의 농도변화(濃度變化)는 각(各) 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데 난소척출군(卵巢剔出群)은 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비(比)하여 낮은 값을 나타냇고 Est. 처리군(處理群)은 높은 값을 나타냈다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Objectives: To report on the result of infertility treatment with Korean medicine in clinical settings. Methods: This study was single arm, retrospective observational study. Analysis of the medical records on thirty four infertile women who were treated by acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine(Jokyungjongoktang-gagambang, Sutaehwan-gagambang). Pregnancy rate(PR) and Live birth rate(LBR) were analyzed as the primary outcomes. Changes of AMH, FSH, LH, $E_2$, $P_4$, endometrial thickness, fat mass, and BMI were also analyzed as the secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 34 patients were treated in the traditional Korean medical clinic. Nine patients were dropped, and 25 subjects completed the final examination at the end of this treatment schedule. Five of 25 subjects conceived during treatment, reaching 20% PR and LBR was also 20%. Except for FSH level, the results of the remaining outcome measures, including LFT, showed no significant changes. No serious adverse event has been reported. Conclusion: Although no significant changes in bio-markers were observed, complex treatment using Korean medicine has shown effectiveness on women's infertility. In addition, the safety of the treatment has been verified.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2012

We investigated the effects of fadrozol, an aromatase inhibitor (AI), and $17{\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (MT) on the induction of sex change in juvenile longtooth grouper $Epinephelus$ $bruneus$, via histological observation of gonads. Changes in the mRNA expression of GtH subunits (FSH-${\beta}$ and LH-${\beta}$) in the pituitary, and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels in the blood were also surveyed after AI and MT treatment. Juvenile longtooth groupers ($113{\pm}17g\;body\;weight$; $16.2{\pm}1.2cm\;body\;length$) received intramuscular injections of AI at 3 (3-AI) and 5 (5-AI) mg/kg BWdoses and MT at a 5 mg/kg BW (5-MT) dose. At week 7 post-injection, 3-AI and 5-MT oocytes were degenerated, and gonads of the 5-AI group initiated spermatogenesis. At week 21 post-injection, 3-AI- and 5-MT-treated gonads contained spermatogonia and spermatocytes, while 5-AI treatment induced advanced stages of spermatogenesis. The serum E2 level showed no significant differences throughout the experimental period, whereas that of 11-KT was significantly elevated in the 5-AI group at weeks 7 and 21 post-injection. A significant increase in the expression of FSH-${\beta}$ mRNA was evident in the 5-AI group at week 21 post-injection. In contrast, LH-${\beta}$ mRNA expression did not significantly differ among groups during the experimental period. These results imply that sex change has two stages in the longtooth grouper. In the first stage, oocytes are degenerated by the stimulation by 11-KT, and in the second stage spermatogenesis occurs, owing to the co-effects of 11-KT and FSH-${\beta}$.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 옻나무 유래 F가 성숙 수컷 흰쥐의 생식 기능에 직접 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 횐쥐 Leydig 세포를 분리, 회수하여 체외배양에서 F 단독 혹은 LH와의 공배양하여 배양액의 testosterone 농도를 조사하였다. 1. Leydig 세포를 36시간까지 체외 배양하여 testosterone의 농도를 조사한 결과, 6시간 배양구에 비해 24시간 배양구가 가장 높은 농도(P＜0.05)를 나타내었으며 36시간 배양에는 감소되었다. 2. F를 단독 첨가하여 12시간 배양한 실험에서 F 80ng 첨가구에서 유의적으로(P＜0.05) 높은 testosterone 분비를 보였다. 3. LH 10ng 및 100ng 첨가구의 시간별 testosterone 분비의 변화로는, LH 10ng 첨가구에서는 6∼12시간 이후, LH 100ng 첨가구에서는 3∼6시간 사이에서 증가를 보였으며, 6시간에는 두 처리구 모두 유의차를 보였다. 4. LH 10ng 첨가 실험에서는 LH 10ng+F 40ng에서 12시간 배양 시, 유의적으로 높은 testosterone 분비를 확인하였다. 5. LH 100ng과 F의 공배양실험에서 3시간 배양한 결과, F20ng 및 F40ng처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로(P＜0.05) 높은 testosterone의 분비를 보였다. 6. Leydig 세포에 LH+IGF-I 첨가효과를 비교 검토한 결과, IGF-I 50ng과 100ng 첨가구에서는 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났으나, LH 100ng 단독처리와 유의차는 없었다. 이상의 결과로, 옻나무 유래 Flavonoid는 횐쥐 정소 Leydig 세포의 testosterone 분비를 촉진하는 작용을 하는 것으로 사료되며, 특히 LH+F구에서 testosterone 분비를 더욱 향상시킴으로써 옻나무 유래 F는 포유동물의 생식기능에 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 사료된다.> 이상의 난소당 난자회수율 (22.6개/63.8%)은 비발정기의 것보다 유의적으로 높았다 (P ＜ 0.05). 발정기의 난소에서 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상의 난자의 MI까지의 핵발달율 (24.3%)은 110 Um이하의 것 또는 비발정기의 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상 및 이하의 난자의 것보다 유의적으로 높았다 (2.5, 6.8 및 0.0%; P ＜0.05). 발정기의 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상 난자의 AT 또는 MII까지의 핵 발달율은 다른 처리군보다 높게 발달하였다. TCM199에서 MI까지의 핵발달율 (21.8%)은 $\alpha$-MEM (10.0%)보다 유의적으로 높았다 (P＜ 0.05). 그러나 AT까지의 핵 발달율은 TCM199 (7.3%)과 (-MEM (1.1%) 간에는 유의적 차이가 있었으나 (P＜0.05), MII까지는 TCM199 (0.9%)과 (-MEM (1.1%)에는 유의차가 없었다. 본 연구결과는 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상의 난자는 발정기의 난소로부터 더 많은 난자를 회수할 수 있었고, 110 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상의 난자들이 MI, AT까지의 핵발달 능력이 높았다. 또한 체외성숙배양액 시 TCM199이 $\alpha$-MEM보다 Mi과AI까지 높은 발달율을 보였다.U/$m\ell$ FSH+10 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH 의 첨가가 생쥐 preantral follicles의 체외배양을 위한 적정조건임을 제시하고 있다., 30, 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg을 각각 2일간 투여했을 때 신장, 비장 및 간의 중량은 정상대조군과

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.770-776
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of recombinant eel gonadotropin hormone (rJeGTH) produced in silkworms, with and without a carboxyl-terminal peptide from equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), on the induction of sexual maturation in female eels Anguilla japonica. Experiments were conducted both in vivo and in vitro. In in vitro trials, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) induction did not significantly differ between rJeFSH and $rJeFSH{\cdot}eCG$ treatments and the control group. However, previous studies did find that rJeLH and $rJeLH{\cdot}eCG$ treatments induced GVBD in female eels. Our in vitro exploration of $estradiol-17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) levels in immature ovarian tissues revealed significantly higher $E_2$ levels in the group treated with $rJeFSH{\cdot}eCG$ $1{\mu}g/mL$ than in the control group. In contrast, the in vivo experiments showed no effect of recombinant hormones on the sexual maturation of feminized eels. Previous studies and our own in vitro results have clearly shown that rJeGTH and $rJeGTH{\cdot}eCG$ have a positive effect on the sexual maturation of feminized eels. To develop the activity of rJeGTH in vivo, further studies should confirm circulation time and activity of these hormones in eels' bloodstream, modify the structure of the recombinant gene, and implement additional glycosylation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1695-1701
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to optimize the in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) systems of rabbit oocytes. Cytoskeletal structures in the germinal vesicle stage (GV) and during IVM are also investigated. Ovaries were transported from local slaughterhouses and the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from ovarian follicles (${\geq}1mm$). COCs were randomly allocated to TCM199-based medium ($T_1$, TCM-199) supplemented with $NaHCO_3$, glucose, sodium pyruvate and FSH ($T_2$), $T_2+E_2+LH$ ($T_3$), $T_3+FBS$ ($T_4$), or $T_1+E_2+LH+FSH+FBS$ ($T_5$), for IVM. In Experiment 1, COCs were retrieved from the follicles and 51 GV oocytes were fixed in the fixative (MTSB-XF) for nuclear and cytoplasmic examinations. In Experiment 2, progressive changes of both the nucleus and the cytoskeleton were examined at 0, 6, 16, and 20 h after IVM. Maturation (MR) and developmental rates were assessed in Experiment 3. Cytoplasmic microtubules (MT) were clearly observed in rabbit GV oocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first report that describes the appearance of MT structures in the GV stage ooplasm. Tremendous variations in cytoskeletal alterations were observed among treatments with the exception of the vitelline ring (VR), which is constantly visible and unchanged during maturation. Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) does not occur at 6 h after onset of maturation culture. When the oocytes for IVM were collected within 2 h, results from Experiment 3 showed that rates of nuclear maturation were 42, 8, 42, 37 and 65% at 16 h of IVM for $T_1$ through $T_5$, respectively, in which $T_1$, $T_4$ and $T_5$ had significantly greater MR than those in other groups (p<0.05). Morula/blastocyst development after parthenogenetic activation ranged from 20 to 63% with significantly greater rates in $T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$ (p<0.05). These results suggested that oocytes recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries can be matured and parthenogenetically activated in vitro, but the MR remained low in this study. Addition of $E_2$ and LH in the medium may be beneficial for cytoplasmic maturation, but FBS exerts a nega- tive role in the subsequent development of parthenogenetic embryos when energy substrates are provided in the IVC media. More studies are required for improving the MR and further development of the GV stage rabbit oocytes.