• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.225-228
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• 2018

By activity-guided fractionation, gliotoxin was isolated as an antibacterial metabolite of the fungus Penicillium decumbens which was derived from the jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai. Gliotoxin was further evaluated for antibacterial activity against several piscine and human MDR (multidrug resistance) pathogens. Gliotoxin showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive piscine pathogens such as Streptococcus iniae FP5228, Streptococcus iniae FP3187, Streptococcus parauberis FP3287, Streptococcus parauberis SPOF3K, S. parauberis KSP28, and Lactococcus garvieae FP5245. Gliotoxin showed strong activity especially against S. parauberis SPOF3K and S. iniae FP5228, which are resistant to oxytetracycline. It is noteworthy that gliotoxin effectively suppressed streptococci which are the major pathogens for piscine infection and mortality in aquaculture industry. Gliotoxin also showed strong antibacterial activity against multidrug- resistant human pathogens (MDR) including Enterococcus faecium 5270 and MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) 3089.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.608-616
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare how three kinds of emotionally different music impacted on the emotion and arousal by measuring EEG. The research method was to compare the measurement of the background EEG on Fp1 and Fp2 before, while and after listening using a 2-channel EEG device with various experimental groups aging from 20s to 50s. The results were as follows. 1) At both Fp1 and Fp2, the amplitude of alpha(8-13Hz), SMR(12-15Hz), low beta, high beta, and ${\alpha}/-{\beta}$significantly increased in all music, while at Fp2 only, theta and ??/SMR increased meaningfully.2) At right prefrontal cortex(Fp2), all bands of EEG predominated while and after listening to all songs over Fp1 except for the delta of funeral march which predominated while listening to Fp1.3) The music with a noticeably high alpha value and increased activity was Prelude. These results suggested that Prelude induced brain activity along with relaxation, and the emotionally heavy burden of funeral march decreased the activity of the left brain. This research revealed that feeling emotional change by listening to music was due to the fact that music influenced the brain activity inducing the change of emotion and arousal.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.311-313
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• 2002

Proteolytic activity of live Uronema manum was analyzed by fluorescence polarization (FP) technique. Protease activity was measured by a decrease in FP value using fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-casein as a protein substrate. The results demonstrated an inverse linear relationship between fluorescence polarization (FP) values and live ciliate concentration over the range $1\times10^4\;to\;2\times10^5$ cells/well. However, the FP values of $10-10^3$ live parasites were not different significantly from that of control. Time-dependent decrease in FP value was shown in the wells containing live U. marinum. In the present study, FP assay had the benefit to provide measurements of substrate hydrolysis by live parasites in real-time, and did not require separations, precipitations, or transfers of reaction mixture.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.6 s.101
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• pp.422-427
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• 2006

The culture media from Fomitopsis pinicola were extracted by methanol and examined growth inhibition against Helicobacter pylori. The culture media from 8 days fermentation of F. pinicola showed maximum inhibition activity on H. pylori in 0.25 mg as MIC value. The highest activity against H. pylori by MHCS agar diffusion medium by Fp-P1 in 22.7 mm ID among 3 peaks from methanol fraction of 8 days culture media of Fomitopsis pinicola which purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The Fp-P1 from DEAE-Sephadex A-25 have been analysed by TLC as Fp-T1, Fp-T2 and Fp-T3 by ninhydrin staining. Fp-T3 (Rf value : 0.67) was higher activity against H. pylori in 14.4 mm ID. Fp-T3 was identified as single band by HPLC and TLC. It was assumed to aminosugar by BioLC analysis and TLC staining.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1469-1474
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• 2019

Objective: Physical activity restriction in sows may lead to behavioral abnormalities and affective disorders. However, the psychophysiological state of these sows is still unclear. As miRNAs can be used as effective markers of psychopathy, the present study aimed to assess the difference in microRNA expression between the long-term activity restricted sows and activity free sows, thus contributing to the understanding of abnormal sow behavior. Methods: Four dry sows (sixth parity, Large${\times}$White genetic line) were selected from activity restricted crates (RC) or activity free pens (FP) separately. microRNAs in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) and serum were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the correlation between the miRNAs expressed in the vMPFC and serum was evaluated. Results: miR-134 (1.11 vs 0.84) and miR-1202 (1.09 vs 0.85) levels were higher in the vMPFC of the RC sows than in the FP sows (p<0.01). Furthermore, miR-132 (1.27 vs 1.08) and miR-335 (1.03 vs 0.84) levels were also higher in the RC sows than in FP sows (p<0.05); however, miR-135a, miR-135b, miR-16, and miR-124 levels were not different (p>0.05). The relative expression of serum miR-1202 was higher in the RC sows than in the FP sows (1.04 vs 0.54) (p<0.05), and there was a strong correlation (R = 0.757, p<0.05) between vMPFC and Serum levels of miR-1202. However, no significant difference was observed in miR-16 levels in the serum of the RC sows and FP sows (p>0.05). Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that long-term activity restriction in sows likely results in autism or other complex psychopathies with depression-like behaviors. These observations may provide new insights for future studies on abnormal behavior in sows and contribute to research on human psychopathy.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 1998

Maximum cellulase production was sought by comparing the activities of the cellulases produced by different Trichoderma reesei strains and Aspergillus niger. Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 showed higher cellulase activity than other Trichoderma reesei stains and Aspergillus niger that was isolated from soil. By optimizing the cultivation conditions during shake flask culture, higher cellulase production could be achieved. The FP(filter paper) activity of 3.7U/ml and CMCase (Carboxymethylcellulase) activity of 60U/ml were obtained from shake flask culture. When it was grown in 2.5L fermentor, where pH and DO levels are controlled, the enzyme activities were 133.35U/ml (CMCase) and 11.67U/ml(FP), respectively. Ammonium sulfate precipitation method was used to recover enzymes from fermentation broth. The dried cellulase powder showed 3074.9U/g of CMCase activity and 166.7U/g of FP activity with 83.5% CMCase recovery.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.247-250
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• 2011

An increase in ventricular pressure can alter cardiac excitation and contraction. Recent report has demonstrated that fluid pressure (FP) suppresses L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current with acceleration of the current inactivation in ventricular myocytes. Since the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels known to be regulated by intracellular pH ($pH_i$), this study was designed to explore whether pressurized fluid flow affects pHi in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. A flow of pressurized (~16 dyne/$cm^2$) fluid, identical to that bathing the myocytes, was applied onto single myocytes, and intracellular $H^+$ concentration was monitored using confocal $H^+$ imaging. FP significantly decreased $pH_i$ by $0.07{\pm}0.01$ pH units (n=16, P<0.01). Intracellular acidosis enhances the activity of $Na^+-H^+$ exchanger (NHE). Therefore, we examined if the NHE activity is increased by FP using the NHE inhibitor, HOE642. Although HOE642 did not alter $pH_i$ in control conditions, it decreased $pH_i$ in cells pre-exposed to FP, suggesting enhancement of NHE activity by FP. In addition, FP-induced intracellular acidosis was larger in cells pre-treated with HOE642 than in cells under the control conditions. These results suggest that FP induces intracellular acidosis and that NHE may contribute to extrude $H^+$ during the FP-induced acidosis in rat ventricular myocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.42-45
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• 2016

Purpose Neuracep is used to other diagnostic evaluations of the brain to estimate beta-amyloid neuritic plaque density in adult patients with cognitive impairment and inspected cognitive impairment. $^{18}F-Florbetaben$ specially has moderate lipophilicity and property of the added ethanol. It is the subject of interest of the patient pain and residual activity after injecting. Our study is effective injection method of the radiopharmaceutical and patient care. So it is for the highest quality image. Materials and Methods Patients were targeted 70 subjects, it was injected mean $259{\pm}74MBq$ to the patients ($^{18}F-FDG$: 20 subjects, $^{18}F-FP-CIT$: 20 subjects, $^{18}F-Florbetaben$: 30 subjects). After injection (reflusing 2 times, reflusing 3 times) using a 3-way set, it measured the residual activity. When injecting $^{18}F-Florbetaben$, we evaluated the effective injection methods(3-way set method and heparin cap method). The average residual activity after the injection was compared using a statistical analysis of SPSS 12.0(ANOVA, t-test analysis). Also, elemental analysis was performed on $^{18}F-Florbetaben$ by GC (Gas Chromatography). Results When reflusing 2 times measured residual activity as follows ($^{18}F-FDG$: 1.48 MBq, $^{18}F-FP-CIT$: 7.4 MBq, $^{18}F-Florbetaben$: 32.6 MBq). And when reflusing 3 times measured residual activity as follows ($^{18}F-FDG$: 1.85 MBq, $^{18}F-FP-CIT$: 3.7 MBq, $^{18}F-Florbetaben$: 36.3 MBq). There was a significant difference when reflusing 2 times(P < 0.05) and reflusing 3 times (P < 0.05). But when reflusing 3 times, there was no significant difference relation FDG and FP-CIT (P > 0.05). $^{18}F-Florbetaben$ Residual activity according to the injection method was a significant difference (P < 0.05). GC analysis results were measured ethanol: 207665 ppm and acceton: 377.4 ppm. Conclusion $^{18}F-Florbetaben$ was high residual activity compared to FDG and FP-CIT. Heparin cap method was effective when $^{18}F-Florbetaben$ was injected. $^{18}F-Florbetaben's$ ethanol component analysis was highly measured. So it is recommended that inject to 6 sec/ml or more in order to reduce the pain.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2012

The strain KCTC 11629BP, isolated from spontaneously fermented pine needle extract (FPE), showed fibrinolysis activity. The isolated strain was analyzed in physiological and biochemical experiments. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenic tree analysis, the strain was identified to be a part of the genus Acetobacter, with Acetobacter senegalensis and Acetobacter tropicalis as the closest phylogenetic neighbors. Based on genotypic and phenotypic results, it was proposed that bacterial strain KCTC 11629BP represents a species of the genus Acetobacter. The strain was thusly named Acetobacter sp. FP1. In conclusion, Acetobacter sp. FP1 isolated from FPE possesses fibrinolytic activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2006

Cardiac chambers serve as mechanosensory systems during the haemodynamic or mechanical disturbances. To examine a possible role of fluid pressure (FP) in the regulatien of atrial $Ca^{2+}$ signaling we investigated the effect of FP on L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current $(I_{Ca})$ in rat ventricular myocytes using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. FP $(\sim40cm\;H_2O)$ was applied to whole area of single myocytes with electronically controlled micro-jet system. FP suppressed the magnitude of peak $I_{Ca}$ by $\cong25\%$ at 0 mV without changing voltage dependence of the current-voltage relationship. FP significantly accelerated slow component in inactivation of $I_{Ca}$, but not its fast component. Analysis of steady-state inactivation curve revealed a reduction of the number of $Ca^{2+}$ channels available for activity in the presence of FP. Dialysis of myocytes with high concentration of immobile $Ca^{2+}$ buffer partially attenuated the FP-induced suppression of $I_{Ca}$. In addition, the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ buttering abolished the FP-induced acceleration of slow component in $I_{Ca}$ inactivation. These results indicate that FP sup-presses $Ca^{2+}$ currents, in part, by increasing cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ concentration.