• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1654-1657
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• 2006

This study was performed to examine whether HC is effective in controlling molecular components known to be involved in RA, FLS were used to determine possible regulatory effects of HC on levels of inflammatory cytokines. Major findings are summarized as follows. TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression levels in FLS cells which had been repressed by 10, 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of HC treatment. IL-6 mRNA expression levels in FLS cells which had been repressed by 10, 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of HC treatment. IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression levels in FLS cells which had been repressed by 10, 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of HC treatment. The present data suggest that FLS which has been activated by IL-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$ co-treatment decreased production of inflammatory cytokines then, HC treatment by repressed the production of these molecules.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.728-735
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• 2007

This study was carried out to know the effect of Gwanjulbang-5(hereinafter refer to GJB-5) to on Rheumatoid Arthritis by using human fibroblast-like synoviocytes(hFLS). We performed several experimetal items : that is cytotoxicity of GJB-5, mRNA expression of pro-imflammatory cytokines in hFLS and production of NO, ROS. The results were obtained as follows : GJB-5 reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8 in hFLS, increased the production of TIMP-1. As well as GJB-5 reduced the production of ICAM-1, MMP-3, NOS-II, the production of NO and ROS, and the proliferation of hFLS in proportion to the concentration of GJB-5. In conclusion, these results shows that GJB-5 had immunomodulatory effects in treating rheumatoid arthritis.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.57-58
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• 2008

Type-2 퍼지 집합은 언어의 불확실성을 다루기 위하여 고안된 Type-1 퍼지집합의 확장이다. TSK 퍼지 로직 시스템(TSK Fuzzy Logic Systems; TSK FLS)은 Mamdani FLS과 함께 가장 널리 사용되는 퍼지 로직 시스템 모델이다. 본 논문에서는 Type-2 퍼지 집합을 이용하여 전반부 멤버쉽 함수를 구성하고 후반부 다항식 함수를 상수와 1차식, 2차식으로 확장한 다항식 Type-2 TSK FLS 설계한다. 다항식 Type-2 TSK FLS의 파라미터를 동정하기 위해 Back-propagation 방법을 사용한다. 제안된 다항식 Type-2 TSK FLS을 노이즈 섞인 비선형 시스템의 모델링에 적용하여 그 성능을 비교 분석한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1849-1850
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• 2008

Type-2 퍼지 집합은 Type-1 퍼지 집합의 확장으로 Type-1 퍼지 집합으로는 다루기 힘든 언어적인 불확실성을 다루기 위해 고안되었다. 대표적인 퍼지 논리 시스템(Fuzzy Logic System; FLS)으론 Mamdani FLS 모델과 TSK FLS모델이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Interval Type-2 TSK FLS를 구성한다. FLS 구성을 위한 전반부는 가우시안 형태의 Type-2 멤버쉽 함수를 사용하며, 전.후반부 파라미터들은 오류역전파 알고리즘을 통한 학습으로 결정한다. 본 논문에서는 Type-1 TSK FLS와 Interval Type-2 TSK FLS를 설계하고 가스로 공정 데이터에 적용하여 성능을 비교 분석한다. 또한 노이즈를 추가한 데이터들을 통하여 노이즈에 대한 성능도 비교 분석한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.329-332
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• 2008

Type-2 퍼지 집합은 언어적인 불확실성을 다루기 위하여 Zadeh에 의해 제안되었고 Mendel과 Kamik에 의해 이론이 체계화 되었다. TSK 퍼지 로직 시스템(TSK Fuzzy Logic Systems; TSK FLS)은 Mamdni 모델과 함께 가장 널리 사용되는 퍼지 로직 시스템이다. 본 논문에서는 Type-2 퍼지 집합을 이용하여 전반부 멤버쉽 함수를 구성하고 후반부 다항식 함수를 상수와 1차식, 2차식으로 확장한 다항식 Type-2 TSK FLS 설계한다. 또한 가스로 공정 데이터에 응용하여 후반부 다항식의 변화에 따른 Type-2 TSK FLS의 특징을 비교 분석 할 뿐 만 아니라 테스트 데이터에 노이즈를 첨가하여 노이즈에 따른 Type-l TSK FLS과 Type-2 TSK FLS의 특성을 분석한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.76-78
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• 2018

With recent developments in medical technology and the introduction of various types of lasers, the role of fiberoptic laryngeal laser surgery (FLS) in laryngology has been significantly expanded. FLS are typically performed under local anesthesia, and patients may return to normal activities immediately after the procedure. This corresponds to the current trend of minimally invasive surgery and may limit unnecessary general anesthesia, reduce medical costs, and increase patient compliances. Main indications of FLS procedure were vocal polyp, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, vocal fold granuloma and vocal fold dysplasia. In this review, we discuss practical tips and unique value of FLS.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.414-422
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• 2020

Fangchinoline (FAN) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is widely known for its anti-tumor properties. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of FAN on arthritis and the possible pathways it acts on. Human fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS), carrageenan/kaolin arthritis rat model (C/K), and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model were used to establish the efficiency of FAN in arthritis. Human FLS cells were treated with FAN (1, 2.5, 5, 10 µM) 1 h before IL-1β (10 ng/mL) stimulation. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species measurement, and western blot analysis of inflammatory mediators and the MAPK and NF-κB pathways were performed. In the animal models, after induction of arthritis, the rodents were given 10 and 30 mg/kg of FAN orally 1 h before conducting behavioral experiments such as weight distribution ratio, knee thickness measurement, squeaking score, body weight measurement, paw volume measurement, and arthritis index measurement. Rodent knee joints were also analyzed histologically through H&E staining and safranin staining. FAN decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines and ROS in human FLS cells as well as the phosphorylation of the MAPK pathway and NF-κB pathway in human FLS cells. The behavioral parameters in the C/K rat model and CIA mouse model and inflammatory signs in the histological analysis were found to be ameliorated in FAN-treated groups. Cartilage degradation in CIA mice knee joints were shown to have been suppressed by FAN. These findings suggest that fangchinoline has the potential to be a therapeutic source for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2007

Background: Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 is a potent chemoattractant for activated T cells into the inflamed Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. To determine the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the production of SDF-1 in the inflamed RA synovium. Methods: The expression of SDF-1 and MIF in RA and Osteoarthritis (OA) synovium was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The SDF-1 was quantified by RT-PCR and ELISA after RA fibroblast like synoviocyte (FLS) were treated with MIF in the presence and absence of inhibitors of intracellular signal molecules. The synovial fluid (SF) and serum levels of MIF and SDF-1 in RA, OA and healthy control were measured by ELISA. Results: Expression of SDF-1 and MIF in synovium was higher in RA patients than in OA patients. The production of SDF-1 was enhanced in RA FLS by MIF stimulation. Such effect of MIF was blocked by the inhibitors of NF-${\kappa}B$. Concentrations of SDF-1 in the serum and SF were higher in RA patients than in OA patients and healthy control. SDF-1 and MIF was overexpressed in RA FLS, and MIF could up-regulate the production of SDF-1 in RA FLS via NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated pathways. Conclusion: These results suggest that an inhibition of interaction between MIF from T cells and SDF-1 of FLS may provide a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of RA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

In order to improve the performance of an extended Kalman filter, a simplified indirect inference method (SIIM) fuzzy logic system (FLS) is proposed. The proposed FLS is composed of two fuzzy input variables, four fuzzy rules and one fuzzy output. Two normalized fuzzy input variables are the variance between the trace of a prior and a posterior covariance matrix, and the residual error of a Kalman algorithm. One fuzzy output variable is the weighting factor to adjust for the Kalman gain. There is no need to decide the number and the membership function of input variables, because we employ the normalized monotone increasing/decreasing function. The single parameter to be determined is the magnitude of a universe of discourse in the output variable. The structure of the proposed FLS is simple and easy to apply to various nonlinear state estimation problems. The simulation results show that the proposed FLS has strong adaptability to estimate the states of the incoming/outgoing moving objects, and outperforms the conventional extended Kalman filter algorithm by providing solutions that are more accurate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.428-434
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• 2015

A stockperson has a significant influence on the productivity and welfare of his animals depending on his stockmanship competence. In this study, stockmanship competence (SC) is defined as the capacity of the stockperson to ensure the welfare of his animals by providing his animals' needs. The study was conducted to evaluate the SC of backyard goat raisers and examine its relationship to goat productivity and economic profitability. There were 101 respondents for this study who have all undertaken farmer livestock school on integrated goat management (FLS-IGM). Interview was conducted in Region I, Philippines on September 3 to 30, 2012 and March 4 to 17, 2013. Data on SC, goat productivity and farmer's income were gathered. Questions regarding SC were formulated based on the Philippine Recommendations for Goat Production and from other scientific literature. Housing, feeding, breeding and health and husbandry management were the indicators used in computing stockmanship competence index score (SCIS). Pearson correlation using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was carried out to analyse the relationship between SCIS, productivity and income. Based from the results of the study, a majority of the respondents raised native and upgraded goats. The computed mean SCIS before and after undergoing FLS-IGM were 38.52% and 75.81% respectively, a percentage difference of 65.23%. Both index scores resulted in significant differences in productivity and income. The median mature weight and mortality rate of goats before FLS-IGM was 14 kg and 30% respectively. After FLS-IGM, median mature weight was 19 kg and mortality rate decreased from 30% to 11.11%. Likewise, fewer goat diseases were observed by farmers who were able to undergo FLS-IGM. With regard to income, there was a 127.34% difference on the median net income derived by farmers. Result implies that improved SC could lead not only to increased productivity and income of backyard goat raisers but also to better animal welfare.