• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제76권3호
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• pp.181-192
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• 1987

각산정(角算定) 측정법(測定法)으로 임분재적(林分材積)을 추정(推定)할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 경기, 충남북, 강원지역 등의 소나무임분(林分)에서 표준지(標準地) 164개소(個所)를 선정(選定)하여 각(各) 조사인자별(調査因子別)로 실측(實測)하고 Plotless Sampling 방법(方法)으로 측정(測定)한 자료(資料)를 가지고 임분재적(林分材積) 조제방법(調製方法)과 Plotless Sampling 법(法)에 필요한 각종(各種) 표(表)를 조제하여 이를 종합적으로 분석검토(分析檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 각산정(角算定) 측정법(測定法)에 의하여 측정(測定)이 가능(可能)한 임분평균수고(林分平均樹高), ha 당(當) 단면적(斷面積), 단면적수고(斷面積樹高)의 측정치(測定値)와 표준지(標準地)에서 측정(測定)한 실측치(實測値) 사이에는 회귀계수(回歸係數) b 가 거의 1인 Y=bx 의 회귀계수(回歸係數)가 성립(成立) 하였으며 이들 사이에는 유의차(有意差)가 없어 소나무림(林)에서 각산정(角算定) 측정법(測定法)로 임분재적(林分材積)을 추정(推定)할 수 있다. 2. Dendrometer 로 측정(測定)이 가능한 인자(因子)를 이용(利用)하여 구한, 가장 적합(適合)한 임분재적식(林分材積式)은 log V = -0.0208+0.8497 log G. H., log V = -0.0028+0.7981 log G+0.9313 log H 이며 본식(本式)에 의하여 조제된 임분재적표(林分材積表)는 Table 4, 5와 같으며 표(表)에 의한 측정치(測定値)와 실측치간(實測値間)의 추정오차율(推定誤差率)은 1변수재적표(變數材積表)가 9.16%, 2변수재적표(變數材積表)가 8.50%이었다. 3. 각산정(角算定) 측정법(測定法)에 의한 임분재적(林分材積) 추정시(堆定時) 필요(必要)한 인자(因子)인 임분형상고(林分形狀高), 형상단면적(形狀斷面積), 임분형수(林分形數) 등을 구할 수 있는 가장 적합(適合)한 추정식(推定式)은 다음과 같다. FH=D/(1.5205+0.0994 D) log FH=0.0451+0.2429 log D+0.3474 log H log FG=-0.0380+0.7758 log G-0.0066 log H F=H/(-5.1697+2.6013 H) F=FH/(-3.1256+2.7611 FH) log F=-0.0634-0.0848 log GH-0.1224 log Di 4. 이와 같은 식(式)에 의하여 조제한 임분형상고표(林分形狀高表)는 Table 7, 8과 같으며 이의 추정오차율(推定誤差率)은 임분평균직경(林分平均直徑)에 의한 1변수표(變數表)와 임분평균직경(林分平均直徑) 및 임분평균수고(林分平均樹高)에 의한 2변수표(變數表)는 각각(各各) 8.05%, 8.32%이며 단면적(斷面積)과 임분평균수고(林分平均樹高)의 2변수(變數)에 의한 형상단면적표(形狀斷面積表)는 Table 9와 같고 이의 추정오차율(推定誤差率)은 9.76%이었다. 또한 임분형수표(林分形數表)는 Table 10, 11, 과 같으며 이의 추정오차율(推定誤差率)은 임분평균수고(林分平均樹高), 임분형상고(林分形狀高)에 의한 1변수표(變數表)는 각각(各各) 5.58%, 5.39%이고 단면적(斷面績) 수고(樹高)와 수간거리(樹幹距離)에 의한 2변수표(變數表)는 4.30% 이었다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2014

Ge is becoming an increasingly popular semiconductor material with high Si compatibility for on-chip optical interconnect technology. For a better manifestation of the meritorious material properties of Ge, its surface treatment should be performed satisfactorily before the electronic and photonic components are fabricated. Ex-situ rapid thermal annealing (RTA) processes with different gases were carried out to examine the effects of the annealing gases on the thin-film quality of Ge grown epitaxially on Si substrates. The Ge-on-Si samples were prepared in different structures using the same equipment, reduced-pressure chemical vapor deposition (RPCVD), and the samples annealed in $N_2$, forming gas (FG), and $O_2$ were compared with the unannealed (deposited and only cleaned) samples to confirm the improvements in Ge quality. To evaluate the thin-film quality, room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed. Among the compared samples, the $O_2$-annealed samples showed the strongest PL signals, regardless of the sample structures, which shows that ex-situ RTA in the $O_2$ environment would be an effective technique for the surface treatment of Ge in fabricating Ge devices for optical computing systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1729-1735
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• 2011

The effect of flaxseed meal on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, alpha-linolenic acid contents, and organoleptic characteristics of chicken meat was studied during a 42 day experiment. Broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 4 experimental groups and fed iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets containing flaxseed meal at 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Flaxseed meal did not affect the weekly body weight of broiler chicks during the first two weeks but thereafter weekly body weight reduced among flaxseed meal groups. At the end of $6^{th}$ week, birds fed on 15% flaxseed meal showed a reduction of 8% in body weight compared to the control group. Control group had significantly higher weight gain with slightly higher feed consumption and better feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and energy efficiency ratio (EER) than the flaxseed meal groups. Among the treatments, birds of 5 and 10% flaxseed meal groups had significantly better FCR, PER and EER compared to those of the 15% flaxseed meal group. The carcass characteristics data indicated a significant reduction in the eviscerated weight and breast yield at 15% flaxseed meal in the diet as compared to other dietary groups. However, the alpha-linolenic acid content in both breast and thigh meat was higher with an increasing level of flaxseed meal in the diets without affecting the sensory acceptability of meat. Based on the present study, up to 10% of flaxseed meal may be used in broiler diet to enhance the alpha-linolenic acid content in the broiler meat.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.471-487
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• 2020

In this work, the buckling analysis of material sandwich plates based on a two-parameter elastic foundation under various boundary conditions is investigated on the basis of a new theory of refined trigonometric shear deformation. This theory includes indeterminate integral variables and contains only four unknowns in which any shear correction factor not used, with even less than the conventional theory of first shear strain (FSDT). Applying the principle of virtual displacements, the governing equations and boundary conditions are obtained. To solve the buckling problem for different boundary conditions, Galerkin's approach is utilized for symmetric EGM sandwich plates with six different boundary conditions. A detailed numerical study is carried out to examine the influence of plate aspect ratio, elastic foundation coefficients, ratio, side-to-thickness ratio and boundary conditions on the buckling response of FGM sandwich plates. A good agreement between the results obtained and the available solutions of existing shear deformation theories that have a greater number of unknowns proves to demonstrate the precision of the proposed theory.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.757-762
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• 2013

본 연구는 앞 뒤 진동기기를 이용한 자세별 진동운동이 신체질량지수와 신체조성의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 20대 남녀 41명을 대상으로 총 4개 군으로 나누어 4주 동안 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 각각 서기자세군(10명), 기마자세군(10명), 네발기기자세군(10명), 복합운동군(10명)으로 구분하여 실시하였으며, 운동 전 후 신체질량지수(BMI), 엉덩이에 대한 허리둘레 비(WHR), 체지방량 변화를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 서기자세군, 기마자세군, 네발기기자세군 그리고 복합운동군에서 모두 신체질량지수, 엉덩이에 대한 허리둘레 비, 체지방량이 감소하였지만 복합운동군에서만 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 이를 통해 여러 가지 자세를 혼용한 진동운동이 비만 조절에 효과가 있는 것으로 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.395-399
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• 2014

Objective : Blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) resemble arterial dissections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between these two disease entities and highlight commonalities and distinct features. Methods : Among 871 consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, 11 BBAs of internal carotid artery and seven vertebral artery dissections (VADs) with a short segmental eccentric dilatation (Mizutani type 4), which is morphologically similar to a BBA, were selected. The following clinical factors were studied in each group : age, gender, risk factors, Hunt and Hess grade (HHG), Fisher grade (FG), vasospasms, hydrocephalus, perioperative rebleeding rate, and treatment outcome. Results : The mean age was 47.9 years in the BBAs group and 46.4 years in the type 4 VADs group. All the BBA patients were female, whereas there was a slight male predominance in the type 4 VAD group (male : female ratio of 4 : 3). In the BBA and type 4 VAD groups that underwent less aggressive treatment to save the parent artery, 29% (n=2/7) and 66.6% (n=2/3), respectively, eventually required retreatment. Perioperative rebleeding occurred in 72.7% (n=8) and 28.6% (n=2) of patients in the BBA and type 4 VAD groups, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the other clinical factors in both groups, except for the male dominancy in the type 4 VAD group (p=0.011). Conclusion : BBAs and ruptured type 4 VADs have a similar morphological appearance but there is a distinct clinical feature in gender and perioperative rebleeding rates. Complete isolation of an aneurysm from the parent artery might be the most important discipline for the treatment of these diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1401-1409
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to develop a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, which causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), a serious disease of cucurbit plants. The molecular and serological methods currently available for the detection of this pathogen are insufficiently sensitive and specific. Thus, a novel SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay targeting the YD-repeat protein gene of A. avenae subsp. citrulli was developed. The specificity of the primer set was evaluated using DNA purified from 6 isolates of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, 7 other Acidovorax species, and 22 of non-targeted strains, including pathogens and non-pathogens. The AC158F/R primer set amplified a single band of the expected size from genomic DNA obtained from the A. avenae subsp. citrulli strains but not from the genomic DNA of other Acidovorax species, including that of other bacterial genera. Using this assay, it was possible to detect at least one genomeequivalents of the cloned amplified target DNA using 5 × 10⁰ fg/µl of purified genomic DNA per reaction or using a calibrated cell suspension, with 6.5 colony-forming units per reaction being employed. In addition, this assay is a highly sensitive and reliable method for identifying and quantifying the target pathogen in infected samples that does not require DNA extraction. Therefore, we suggest that this approach is suitable for the rapid and efficient diagnosis of A. avenae subsp. citrulli contaminations of seed lots and plants.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2009

This study was conducted to improve yield and functional properties of autoclave-treated salmon frame extracts (SFETA) using commercial enzymes (Alcalase 2.4 L FG, Flavourzyme 500 MG, Neutrase 0.8 L and Protamex 1.5 MG). Yield and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of all enzymatic hydrolysates improved compared to those of control (undigested extracts), which were the highest in hydrolysates incubated with Protamex 1.5 MG for 4 hrs (P4-treated hydrolysates) and 2 hrs (P2-treated hydrolysates), respectively. However, antioxidant activities of all enzymatic hydrolysates showed less than 29%. According to the trichloroacetic acid soluble-N, volatile component intensity and sensory evaluation, when compared to control, taste of P4-treated hydrolysates improved, while its fish odor strongly smelt. Therefore, for efficient use of P4-hydrolysates, the fish odor should be improved by Maillard reaction of extracts or pre-treatment of salmon frame.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3747-3751
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• 2016

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a combination of chronic anovulation, obesity, and hyperandrogenism and can affect sexual function in women of reproductive age. It is also associated with endometrial cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency and predisposing factors of sexual dysfunction in PCOS patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 married women with a definite diagnosis of PCOS were recruited. Sexual function was assessed in the domains of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain using the female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire. Patients were also assessed for mental health using the depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21) questionnaire. Presence of hirsutism was assessed using the Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) scoring system. Demographic data were obtained from patients during in-person interview. Results: Sexual dysfunction was present in 62.5% of patients with the domains of arousal and lubrication particularly affected (93.8% and 87.5%, respectively). Patients with symptoms of depression and anxiety were significantly more likely to suffer sexual dysfunction than those without these symptoms (p=0.04 and p=0.03 respectively). Patients with stress symptoms reported higher orgasm dysfunction than those without (p=0.02). No significant difference in any of the FSFI score domains was observed between patients with and without hirsutism. Conclusions: PCOS patients markedly suffer from sexual dysfunction and therefore it seems appropriate to be screened for intervention. Poor mental health conditions that may be the result of infertility or other complications of PCOS should also be considered as curable causes of sexual dysfunction in these patients.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.195-207
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• 1996

To make the genomic DNA probe of Theileria sergenti, the merozoites were purified from erythrocytes of Korean cattle, The previous studies on the probe of T sergenti had resulted in two probes as KTS1 and KTS3 DNA fragment. Nucleotide sequence of both ends of the KTS1 and KST3 were determined in order to design primers for polymerase chain reaction. A pair of an uper primer(5'-CCTCTTGAAGTCATCCATGT-3'; nucleotide position 48) and a lower primer(5'-CACTGAGCTG GAAAGAGCTA-3'; nucleotide position 156) in pKTS1 were synthesized. The anticipated PCR product was 128bp in length. To examine the sensitivity of the PCR, KTS1 DNA and purified T sergenti DNA were serially diluted by tenfolds with distilled water. The primers were sensitive enough to detect 4ag of the authentic template DNA and 4fg of the purified T sergenti DNA by PCR. Furthermore, when the blood was serially diluted by two-folds with 0.9% saline, the pair could detect up to 0.00029%(about 164 parasites in $10{\mu}l$ of blood) of T sergenti infection in bovine erythrocytes by PCR. In a comparison of microscopic and PCR detection of T sergenti in the same samples from Chonbuk area, 47 and 51 out of 70 sample(67.1%) were positive by the former and by the latter method, respectively.