• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.257-264
• /
• 2003

Carnitine, hydroxycitric acid, and soy peptide have been known to be anti-obesity agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of carnitine, hydroxycitric acid, and soy peptide mixture as a potential anti-obesity supplement in overweight women. Overweight premenopausal women (n=33; PIBW>110; 20 to 39 years) were randomized into two groups: the placebo group and the functional beverage group (the test group). Functional beverage was composed of 2000 mg soy peptide, 20 mg L-carnitine and 300 mg garcinia(40% hydroxycitric acid). Body weight and 3 day food dimes, biochemical measurements and computerized tomography were measured at baseline and 8-week. After 8-week consumption of functional beverage with usual diet and exercise, body weight fell an average of 1.4 kg (2.1%). Visceral fat area reduced an average of 7.8% at L1($69.6{\pm}8.7\;vs\;64.2{\pm}7.5\;\textrm{cm}^2$) and 5.1% ($60.7{\pm}4.9\;vs\;57.6{\pm}4.8\;\textrm{cm}^2$, p<0.05) at L4level after weight loss in the test group. Calf fat area in the test group showed about 10% reduction ($31.0{\pm}2.7\;vs=\;27.7{\pm}1.7\;\textrm{cm}^2$, p<0.05) after weight loss. These reductions in fat areas were not shown in the placebo group. There were tendencies of increase in serum levels of $\beta-hydroxybutyrate$, acetoacetate, and total ketones in the test group. There were 7% and 17% insignificant increase in fasting free fatty acid (FFA) and response area of FFA during oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), respectively, in this group. ill addition, little weight loss in the test group showed 8% but not significant reduction in insulin response area during OGTT. In conclusion, this study shows that taking a mixture of carnitine, hydroxycitric acid, and soy peptide as a potential anti-obesity supplement for 8-week produced advantageous changes in the weight and visceral fat accumulation of overweight women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.853-858
• /
• 2010

The purpose of the study was to determine fat contents and fatty acid compositions of the lipids in sweetfish cultured in Korea and lipid oxidation during storage at refrigeration temperature ($2^{\circ}C$). Whole or minced sweetfish were vacuum-packaged or treated with ascorbic acid. Changes in thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values, peroxide values (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA) in the fish were determined. Sweetfish contained 72.5% moisture, 5.3% lipid and 1.1% ash. Palmitic acid was the highest (27.4% (w/w) of the total fatty acids) among the saturated fatty acids. Total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were 33.9% and oleic acid (21.0%) was the highest, followed by palmitoleic acid (7.8%). Total PUFA were 28.2%. Predominant PUFA were linoleic acid (8.1%), EPA (5.7%) and DHA (12.1%). TBA values and PV of the whole sweetfish treated with ascorbic acid and vacuumpackaged were not different from the control. TBA values of the minced sweetfish treated with ascorbic acid were significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). PV of the fish treated with ascorbic acid and vacuum packaging were significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). The result of this study suggests that cultured Korean sweetfish may be a good source of unsaturated fatty acids including EPA and DHA, and vacuum packaging and addition of ascorbic acid may protect lipids from oxidation.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.310-315
• /
• 2006

Chemical characteristics of red pepper seasoning oil were investigated during storage at $65^{\circ}\C$ for 6 week to obtain information fer the quality control of powdered soups of Korean instant noodles. The acid value increased gradually during storage. The peroxide value increased remarkably at 4 weeks of storage, but decreased at 6 week of storage. Both American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) value that indicates redness of red pepper and the CIE $L^*,\;a^*,\;and\;b^*$ value increased to 4 weeks of storage, but decreased at 6 weeks of storage. The fatty acids were mainly composed of linoleic (51.02%), oleic (30.17%), and palmitic (11.81%) acid Myristic and palmitic acid content increased slightly but linoleic acid decreased during storage. The ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to total saturated fatty acids slightly decreased during storage. In free fatty acid (FFA) composition, linoleic acid was present in the greatest amount but it decreased remarkably from 85.5 to 65.2 (mg/kg oil) after 6 weeks of storage. Total amount of FFA increased throughout the storage period. The ratio of total free unsaturated fatty acids to total free saturated fatty acids decreased during storage.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 2009

Diacylglycerol(DAG) was produced by enzymatic esterification of glyceryl mono-oleate(GMO) and conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) in a stirred-batch type reactor. The reaction was catalyzed by lipozyme RMIM(an immobilized lipase from Rizomucor miehei). DAG was isolated by a short-path distillation process and decolorized. DAG oil was composed of 87.3% DAG, 11.4% triacylglycerol(TAG), and 1.5% monoacylglycerol(MAG)(all w/w). Major fatty acids in DAG oil were oleic acid(54%), CLA(31.1%), and linoleic acid(7%). DAG oil iodine,and acid values were 108.8, 2.57, and 1, respectively. The DAG oil solid fat index(SFI) and thermograms were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.38 no.10
• /
• pp.801-806
• /
• 2005

This study was designed to examine the effects of fractions of ethanol extract of Benincasa hispida (wax gourd) on plasma glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabolic rats. sprague-Dawley rats were induced diabetes mellitus by STZ injection (45 mg/kg) into the tail vein and were divided into 5 groups: normal, STZ-control, three experimental diabetic groups. fractions of ethanol extract of Benincasa hispida were administered orally into the diabetic rats for 14 days. The food intake and body weight were monitored and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) , free fatty acid (FFA) , and aminotransferase activity were analyzed. A significant lowering effects of plasma glucose levels were observed in the chloroform fraction and $H_2O$ fraction group compared to STZ-control group at 14 days. Administrations of each of the three fractions decreased plasma TG and FFA levels in diabetic rats. Activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in $CHCl_3$ fraction and $H_2O$ fraction groups and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in $H_2O$ fraction group significantly lower than STZ-control group. The results show that $CHCl_3$ fraction of Benincasa hispida could be effective to control the STZ-induced diabetic rats. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 801$\sim$806,2005)

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2007

Effects of prunella vulgaris L., chrysanthemum indicum L. and pueraria Radix on plasma lipid composition and histological consideration were investigated in hyperlipidemic rats. Concentration of plasma ${\beta},-lipoprotein$ showed a tendence to decrease in prunella vulgaris L., chrysanthemum indicum L. and pueraria Radix treatment groups. However these values were showed not significantly different from control group. Concentration of plasma FFA in prunella vulgaris L., chrysanthemum indicum L. and pueraria Radix treatment groups showed a lower values compared to control group and concentration of plasma FFA of prunella vulgaris L. and pueraria Radix treatment group showed a lower values than prunella vulgaris L. and chrysanthemum indicum L. treatment group. Concentration of plasma glucose and triglyceride showed a tendence to decrease in prunella vulgaris L., chrysanthemum indicum L. and pueraria Radix treatment groups. However plasma glucose values showed not significantly different from control group. Plasma total cholesterol concentration showed a low and HDL-cholesterol concentration showed a high in prunella vulgaris L. and pueraria Radix treatment group. However LDL-cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different in treatment groups. Histological consideration of heart, liver and kidney in prunella vulgaris L. and pueraria Radix treatment groups showed a good features in fat accumulation condition than those of other treatment groups. However in the condition of high fat accumulation in tissues, heart, liver and kidney were showed a slight congestion and a bashed cell nucleus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.437-445
• /
• 1997

Studies were carried out to investigate the changes of lipids in chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc) during storage at $20^{\circ}C$ for 9 weeks and $1^{\circ}C$ for 15 weeks. Lipid composition of fresh chestnuts were 43.4% of nonpolar lipid (NPL), 26.5% of glycolipid (GL) and 30.1% of phospholipid (PL) in total lipid (TL). Nonpolar lipid was composed of triglyceride (TG), 1,2-diglyceride (1,2-DG), 1,3-diglyceride (1,3-DG), sterolester (SE), sterol (S) and free fatty acid (FFA). Main constituents of glycolipid were digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG), monogalactosyldiglyceride (MGDG), sterylglycoside (SG), and acylsteryglycoside (ASG). Main constituents of phospholipid were phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). The content of nonpolar lipid was decreased after 5 weeks of storage, and glycolipid content was increased during 7 weeks and then decreased. Phospholipid was the most increased lipid during storage at $20^{\circ}C$ and $1^{\circ}C$. The contents of TG, SE, S, DGDG and MGDG were increased during storage at $20^{\circ}C$ and $1^{\circ}C$. The major fatty acids were linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and linolenic acid in TL, NPL, GL, PL, TG, DG, ASG, PC and PE. The content of palmitic acid was relatively higher in the PL. Linoleic acid among them was increased during storage at $20^{\circ}C$ and $1^{\circ}C$, while oleic acid was decreased.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2013

In this study, the effect of Curcuma longa L. on obesity and insulin resistance was investigated in animals fed a moderate high fat diet. The animals used in this study were normal weight Spargue-Dawley (SD) rats and type 2 diabetic obese db/db mice. Accumulation of abdominal adipose tissue and weight gain were inhibited in the animals fed the C. longa extract. C. longa decreased fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in the SD rats, and effectively decreased blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c in db/db mice. C. longa decreased serum free fatty acid (FFA) level in the SD rats. FFA in db/db mice fed C. longa tended to decrease. C. longa significantly decreased serum triglyceride level. Our results collectively represent that C. longa prevented fat accumulation and insulin resistance in both normal weight SD rats and type 2 diabetic obese db/db mice fed a moderate high fat diet.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 1991

Effects of water extracts of endocarps and seeds of omija(Schizandra chinensis Baillon)on alloxan and CCl4 induced liver injuries were determined by measuring the contents of metabolites and enzyme activities both in liver and serum in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The treatment with water extracts in parts of omija showed low levels of glucose, GOT, LDH and FFA of serum but high level of hepatic G-6-P DH in alloxan treated rats. CCl4 treatment with water extracts of parts of omija resulted in low levels of GOT, LDH, UN of serum and hepatic pyruvate but hepatic cytosolic protein has been increased.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 1998

In an attempt to investigate the effects of Samultang, Samultang-Mixed-Kamibulhwangumjungkisan extract on the ability of rat to recover from exhaustion after severe exercise. The results are as follows 1. Lactate was found to show remarkable decrease in the rat with administration of Samultang-Mixed-Kamibulhwangumjungkisan group at 120 min (p<0.001). 2. LDH showed elevation in the rat with administration of Samultang-Mixed-Kamibulhwangumjungkisan group 120 min.(p<0.05) 3. Glucose showed elevation in the rat with administration of Samultang-Mixed-Kamibulhwangumjungkisan group at 120 min.(p<0.05) 4. FFA showed decrease in the rat with adminstration of Samultang-Mixed-Kamibulhwangumjungkisan hroup at 120min.(p<0.05) From these results, we recoginized that the effects of Samul-tangmixedKamiBulhwangumjungkisan group is better than Samultang group on the recovery of exercise induced fatigue.