• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.634-640
• /
• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to screen and select acid-tolerant Lactobacillus strains from chicken feces, feeds, and other sources. Fourty six strains evidencing acid tolerance (pH 3.5) were isolated in this study. Among them, nine strains exhibited marked immunostimulatory effects. Therefore, nine candidate strains were characterized for probiotic use. In order to evaluate macrophage activation, NO production was measured using RAW 264.7 cells. In particular, three strains (FC812, FC222, and FC113) evidenced the highest levels of NO production measured at $38.39{\pm}20.01,\;35.06{\pm}27.73$, and $33.88{\pm}15.99{\mu}M$, respectively, at a concentration of $10^{8}CFU/mL$. The majority of strains, with the exception of strain FC322, evidenced marked resistance to artificial gastric juice (pH 2.5 with 1%(w/v) pepsin). Additionally, strains FC222, FC421, FC511, and FC721 were highly resistant to artificial bile acid (0.1%(w/v) oxgall), whereas strains FC113, FC322, FC422, FC621, and FC812 were the least resistant to bile. All nine strains exerted antimicrobial effects against chickenrelated pathogens. Additionally, all nine strains were found to be resistant to several antibiotics. The isolated strains, except for strain FC322, were tentatively identified as Lactobacillus salivarius, using an API 50 CHL kit. These results demonstrate that some probiotic organisms may potentially probiotic properties, and thus may serve as an effective alternative to antibiotics in animal applications.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.423-432
• /
• 2015

This paper shows that design, manufacture and the performance of FC-NIC (fibre channel network interface card) for network unit configuration which is based on one of the 5 main configuration items of the common functional module for IMA (integrated modular Avionics) architecture. Especially, FC-NIC uses zynq SoC (system on chip) for host load reductions. The host merely transmit FC destination address, source memory location and size information to the FC-NIC. After then the FC-NIC read the host memory via DMA (direct memory access). FC upper layer protocol and sequence process at local processor and programmable logic of FC-NIC zynq SoC. It enables to free from host load for external communication. The performance of FC-NIC shows average 5.47 us low end-to-end latency at 2.125 Gbps line speed. It represent that FC-NIC is one of good candidate network for IMA.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.287-299
• /
• 2023

In vitro luwak coffee was produced using enzyme­microbial complexes. The coffee quality of non-fermented coffee beans (NFC) and fermented coffee beans (FC) was compared. The total free amino acid content was higher in FC than in NFC. The levels of glutamic acid and γ-amino-n-butyric acid in NFC were higher than those in FC; however, the contents of essential amino acids, such as lysine, leucine, and valine, in FC were higher than in NFC. During fermentation, the sucrose content decreased, whereas the fructose and glucose contents increased (p<0.001). The chromaticity of the coffee extract showed higher lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values in FC than those in NFC. The caffeine content was significantly lower in FC (696.94±0.04 ㎍/mL) compared to that in NFC (1,130.22±1.55 ㎍/mL) (p<0.001). Conversely, the polyphenol and chlorogenic acid contents were significantly higher in NFC than in FC (p<0.001). Electronic nose analysis indicated considerable differences between the volatile aromatic components in NFC and FC. Sensory scores were significantly higher for FC than those for NFC. Therefore, the fermentation of coffee beans using enzyme­microbial complexes altered the chemical components, which promoted the Maillard reaction during the coffee bean roasting process. These results suggest the possibility of producing in vitro luwak coffee with better flavor and lower caffeine content.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.220-223
• /
• 2011

Human basophilic KU812F cells express a high affinity for IgE receptor, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, which plays an important role in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic reactions. Using the human basophilic KU812F cells, we assessed the inhibitory effects of the ethanolic extract from Chrysanthemum zawadsaki(CZ) on $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain expression. Flow cytometric analysis showed that cell surface $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain expression was suppressed when the cells were cultured with CZ extract. RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNAs for $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain decreased by the treatment of CZ extract. Moreover, CZ extract was also observed to result in a reduction in the release of histamine from anti-$Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ antibody (CRA-1)-stimulated cells. These results suggest that CZ extract may exert anti-allergic activity through down-regulation of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain expression and a subsequent decrease in histamine release.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.456-463
• /
• 2010

This study measured the relative efficiency and productivity change of the Korean professional sport teams using DEA model and Malmquist Index for 2006-2009. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, in case of efficiency of CCR for 2006-2009, the number of efficient professional sport teams(CCR value is one) are two(Daejeon Citizen, Incheon United), three(Daejeon Citizen, Incheon United, FC Seoul), two(Daejeon Citizen, Incheon United), three(Kyungnam FC, Incheon United, FC Seoul) respectively. Second, Malmquist Index representing productivity change for 2006-2009 are 1.035, 0.9658, 1.5331 for Kyungnam FC, 1.2514, 0.8948, 0.9056 for Daegu FC, 1.1768, 0.8620, 0.9722 for Daejeon Citizen, 0.9368, 1.2609, 0.7714 for Incheon United, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000 for FC Seoul, respectively. This result will be used by inefficient professional sport teams to improve inefficiency.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2017

Cobalt ferrocyanide (CoFC) or nickel ferrocyanide (NiFC) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were fabricated for efficient removal of radioactive cesium, followed by rapid magnetic separation of the absorbent from contaminated water. The $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles, synthesized using a co-precipitation method, were coated with succinic acid (SA) to immobilize the Co or Ni ions through metal coordination to carboxyl groups in the SA. CoFC or NiFC was subsequently formed on the surfaces of the MNPs as Co or Ni ions coordinated with the hexacyanoferrate ions. The CoFC-MNPs and NiFC-MNPs possess good saturation magnetization values ($43.2emu{\cdot}g^{-1}$ for the CoFC-MNPs, and $47.7emu{\cdot}g^{-1}$ for the NiFC-MNPs). The fabricated CoFC-MNPs and NiFC-MNPs were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and DLS. The adsorption capability of the CoFC-MNPs and NiFC-MNPs in removing cesium ions from water was also investigated. Batch experiments revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity values were $15.63mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ (CoFC-MNPs) and $12.11mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ (NiFC-MNPs). Langmuir/Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations were used to fit the experimental data and evaluate the adsorption process. The CoFC-MNPs and NiFC-MNPs exhibited a removal efficiency exceeding 99.09% for radioactive cesium from $^{137}Cs$ solution ($18-21Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$). The adsorbent selectively adsorbed $^{137}Cs$, even in the presence of competing cations.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.10 no.4 s.38
• /
• pp.37-55
• /
• 1995

고속 표준 프로토콜인 FC를 기반으로 한 Gigabit LAN 기술은 다양한 응용과 함께 Giga bps급의 높은 대역폭과 적은 전달지연을 갖는 고속 통신망으로서 매우 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 Gigabit 통신에 적합한 고속 표준 프로토콜인 FC의 표준화 내용과 프로토콜을 살펴보고, FC 기반의 LAN 기술을 위한 호스트 접속 기술 및 현재 연구/개발중인 Gigabit LAN을 구성하기 위한 요소시스템인 GIGAways 스위치 그리고 internetworking을 위한 FC-ATM Transport에 대하여 기술하였다.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.1511-1516
• /
• 2007

Basophils and mast cells play an important role in $Fc{\varepsilon}RI-mediated$ allergic reaction as effector cells. We studied the effects of Acanthopanax chiisanensis on $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression in human basophilic KU812F cells. Ethanol extracts from root and stem of A. chiisanensis were tested for inhibitory effects of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression. The cell surface $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression was examined by flow cytometric analysis. All of the extracts of A. chiisanensis reduced the cell surface $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression. Furthermore, A. chiisanensis extracts caused a decrease in the level of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain mRNA level and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI-mediated$ histamine release. These results suggest that root and stem extracts of A. chiisanensis play an important role in anti-allergic activity via down-regulation of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI\;{\alpha}$ chain expression and decrease in release of inflammatory mediator such as histamine.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.101-148
• /
• 1991

The fisheries cooperative (FC) performs the economic and nonprofitable activity to get the fundamental objective of enhancing cooperative members' economic and social position. The internal control system fitted for a local FC should be required for not only solving the resulting problem from the complexity of FC environment nowaday but also delegating authorities and performance from FC Federation to a local FC by implementing the local autonomy. The methodology of this study is to empirically test and to analyze the condition of FC internal control system (FCICS) by the questionnaire survey. The actual condition of FCICS in Korea is analyzed by the questionnaire and the detailed contents are as follows : (1) sending 208 questionnaire consisting of 162 questions, and receiving 92 replies from 39 manufactures (business firms) and 15 banks in Gyungnam and Pusan area and 25 FC and 13 agricultural cooperative (AC) in Korea, (2) the analyzed results of FC and AC are treated simultaneously. In the fundamentals of above analyzed results, the evaluation model of FCICS is tried to construct from the relationship between the financial condition of FC and the internal control elements through the stepwise regression method. (1) By the stepwise regression method, the number of FC officials $(X_1)$, the experimental number of regular auditing $(X_7)$, and auditing duty years $(X_8)$ are finally accepted as independent variables, (2) and the final model becomes $Y=-1.53526+0.34455X_1+0.24513X_7+0.16585X_8$/ and this model explains to the extent of 47.826%. From the above study, following proposals are to be suggested: (1) The function and problem of internal control in FCICS is able to be improved by enforcing the function of FCICS and enriching the management's recognition of FCICS (2) The cooperative president can bring up good FC by the rational operation of FCICS according to the size and the performance pattern of FC, adding up to enhance members' economic and social position.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.1742-1747
• /
• 2012

A total of 96 growing pigs ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc; BW = $26.58{\pm}1.41$ kg) were used in a 6-wk feeding trail to evaluate the effects of fermented chlorella (FC) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, fecal microbial and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted into 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens (2 barrows and 2 gilts) per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) negative control (NC), basal diet (without antibiotics); ii) positive control (PC), NC+0.05% tylosin; iii) (fermented chlorella 01) FC01, NC+0.1% FC, and iv) fermented chlorella 02 (FC02), NC+0.2% FC. In this study, feeding pigs PC or FC01 diets led to a higher average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter (DM) digestibility than those fed NC diet (p<0.05), whereas the inclusion of FC02 diet did not affect the ADG and DM compared with the NC group. No difference (p>0.05) was observed on the body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain:feed (G:F) ratio, the apparent total tract digestibility of N and energy throughout the experiment. The inclusion of PC or FC did not affect the blood characteristics (p>0.05). Moreover, dietary FC treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lactobacillus concentration and lower E. coli concentration than the NC treatment, whereas the antibiotic supplementation only decreased the E. coli concentration. Pigs fed FC or PC diet had reduced (p<0.05) fecal $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ content compared with those fed NC diet. In conclusion, our results indicated that the inclusion of FC01 treatment could improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial shedding (lower E. coli and higher lactobacillus), and decrease the fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs when compared with the group fed the basal diet. In conclusion, dietary FC could be considered as a good source of supplementation in growing pigs because of its growth promoting effect.