• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.3-27
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• 2016

There is a need for disputes in sports to be settled by arbitration rather than a court ruling, taking the unique characteristics of sports into consideration. Arbitration is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). A dispute resolution system is regarded as: an arbitrator is selected by the agreement between the parties, and a binding decision is made, which the parties obey, consequently resulting in a final resolution. To resolve a dispute upon arbitration, there must be an arbitration agreement upon the free will of the parties. In relation to the arbitration agreement, however, there are some cases in which sports organizations have an arbitration clause in the articles of association, regulations or player registration application that call for settling disputes by arbitration. In such cases, the validity of the arbitration agreement may create doubt whether or not this sort of arbitration has been made by mutual agreement. Consequently this is required to be legally examined. The activities of a sports organization are recognized as part of private autonomy, and they include even the rights that establish regulations or rules. Nonetheless, the powers that such sport organizations are able to establish are not allowed without limit. However, sports activities and autonomy shall be protected as themselves. Therefore, if we give priority to arbitration upon the independent arbitrator and fair process by establishing an independent arbitral organization in charge of sports disputes to handle the effective resolution of disputes and protect sports autonomy and ask for a court decision if one party disobeys the arbitration, or the sports arbitration prepositive principle, it seems helpful to resolve the unfairness of compulsory jurisdiction and the clause for sports arbitration and protect the player's right of choice and of claims for trial.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.149-168
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• 2004

Nevertherless, a structural depression with high expense of costs-low degree of efficiency and high price of commodities-low degree of growth during the last few years. And hotel companys were doing endeavor for conquer this depression with reshuffle of the personnal system and that systematizing an enterprise and production control. Hotel has more increase personnel expenses percents than increase sold price percents so that hotel reducing cook and as result, hotel has a problem from production selling of food service because that is insufficient of cook man power. On studying this research, an importancy of cusine department in inquire hotel and an efficiency man power control of cusine department influence on hotel marketing were made use of analysis for hotel kitchen management. The result of this study is like that. First, the quality of a hotel employee is directly related to that of hotel service, which is functioned as a principle factor on which success or failure of the hotel very largely depends. Second, fair evaluation of merits. Third, cognition for job as expert. Fourth, the roles and competences of the employees were affected much by the inner or outer environmental changes surrounding the hotel enterprises. Fifth, do not underestimate an intelligent ability and will power of employee, and hotel company have to manage that the employees consult themselves about their things of department and improve with the master sense for job. Sixth, pay increase and intensive system. This system can raise the will to achievement for employee's job, and company can get many benefits from government. Seventh, the employees should be encouraged to have memberships of academic organizations, to actively participate in academic meetings, workshops, conferences, and forums in the area of job performance.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

과학기술정보통신부는 2016년 1월부터 전기통신설비의 상호접속 기준에 대한 고시개정을 통해 인터넷망의 상호접속료 정산방식을 기존의 용량 기준 정액제에서 사용 트래픽량 기준의 종량제로 변경하고 접속요금의 상한제를 도입하는 등의 새로운 방식을 도입해 운영해 오고 있다. 본 연구는 인터넷 상호접속 제도의 개선안에 대한 대안을 탐색한다. 이를 위해, 관련 신문 기사를 대상으로 토픽모델링을 통해 주요 쟁점을 탐색하고 이에 대해 AHP 방법론을 적용, 인터넷 상호접속 제도 개선을 위해 고려되어야 할 기준에 대한 상대적 중요도 및 대안의 우선순위를 도출하였다. 인터넷 상호접속제도와 관련된 핵심 전문가들은 가장 중요한 대안 선택 기준은 '해외 사업자에 대한 공정한 과금'으로, 가장 바람직한 대안은 '제도의 일부 개정'으로 평가하였다. 인터넷 상호접속제도 개선을 위한 세부 과제로는 '접속료 산정원칙에 대한 재검토'가 가장 우선되어야 한다고 응답하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.411-437
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• 2000

It is unsafe to attempt a complete definition of the expression 'perils of the seas', because in practice the question 'what is a peril of the seas' is inextricably woven up with the further question, 'was the loss proximately caused by the sea peril ?' Such casualties as stranding, collision and heavy weather appear with monotonous regularity in the daily reports, and are the obvious examples. However, what can be included in the term 'perils of the seas' seems to be inexhaustible, although most circumstances appear to have been covered by the Courts. Two cases heard in 1887 were instrumental in defining perils of the seas. In The Xantho Lord Herschell made the following remarks: "The term ... does not cover every accidents or casualty which may happen to the subject matter of insurance on the sea. It must be a peril 'of' the sea. Not every loss or damage of which the sea is the immediate cause is covered by these words. They do not protect, for example, against that natural and inevitable action of the winds and waves which results in what may be described as wear and tear. There must be some casualty, something which could not be foreseen as one of the necessary incidents of the adventure. The purpose of the policy is to secure an indemnity against accidents which may happen, not against events which must happen. ... If a vessel strikes upon a sunken rock in fair weather and sinks, this is a loss by perils of the sea."

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2020

본 연구는 장애학생의 교육받을 권리와 공정한 지역배치 원리를 고려한 특수교육시설의 정비가 될 수 있도록 특수교육시설의 지역별 정비현황의 편차를 파악하고, 그 특성을 분석·고찰함으로써, 앞으로의 시설설립계획에 있어서 기초자료를 제공하고자 본 연구를 진행하게 되었다. 이를 위하여 교육부 특수교육원, 특수교육정책과, 각 시도교육청의 통계자료 및 시설자료를 활용하여 특수교육대상자와 장애영역별 현황을 중심으로 지역마다 주요현황 및 정비지수를 산출하였다. 분석결과, 일반적으로 대도시의 경우는 특수학교의 시설부족으로 인해, 특수학급과 일반학급에 의존하는 경향을 보였고, 지방도시에서는 장애영역별로 불균등한 결과를 보이며, 특수교육지원센터가 부족한 체계를 보완하는 것으로 보인다. 전체적으로 평가해보면, 특수교육시설은 아직 전국적으로 평준화되지 않는 정비 상황을 보인다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.25-48
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• 2001

Since 1998 IMF economic crisis, hotel companys have made an operation innovation in generally to reinforce a competitive power. Never ther less, a structural depression with high expense of costs-low degree of efficiency and high price of commodities-low degree of growth during the last few years. And hotel companys were doing endeavor for conquer this depression with reshuffle of the personnal system and that systematizing an enterprise and production control. Hotel has more increase personnel expenses percents than increase sold price percents so that hotel reducing cook and as result, hotel has a problem from production selling of foodservice because that is insufficient of cook man power. On studying this research, an importancy of cusine department in inquire hotel and an efficiency man power control of cusine department influence on hotel marketing were made use of analysis for hotel kitchen management. The result of this study is like that. First, the quality of a hotel employee is directly related to that of hotel service, which is functioned as a principle factor on which success or failure of tie hotel very largely depends, Second, fair evaluation of merits. Third, cognition for job as expert. Fourth, the roles and competences of the employees were affected much by the inner or outer environmental changes surrounding the hotel enterprises. Fifth, do not underestimate an intelligent ability and will power of employee, and hotel company have to manage that the employees consult themselves about their things of department and improve with the master sense for job. Sixth, pay increase and intensive system. This system can raise the will to achievement for employee's job, and company can get many benefits from government. Seventh, the employees should be encouraged to have memberships of academic organizations, to actively participate in academic meetings, workshops, conferences, and forums in the area of job performance.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.92-102
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• 2004

자기 주도적 학습능력의 수준별 교육을 위한 평가 방법으로서, 수행평가는 문제해결 능력과 높은 사고 능력평가에 대한 한계점을 극복하고 수업의 질과 학교 정상화를 위한 계획으로 선호되고 있다. 그러나 수행평가는 평가 오류, 채점 공정성 문제, 신뢰도 및 객관성 등의 확보에 어려움 있다. 이런 문제점을 해결하고 수행평가 만족을 높이기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 회계원리 과목을 대상으로 수행평가에 대한 각 영역에서 영향을 주는 인자를 분석하여 퍼지 소속 함수를 설계하고, 이를 적용한 객관적이고 신뢰성 높은 수행평가 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2018

SK group has been a pioneer in overall brand management and, more recently, in CSR-imbedded brand management. SK vision of "improving itself to give greater happiness to all of its customers" and the symbol mark of "Wings of Happiness" are some good examples of integrating distinct brand identities of various member companies. After impressive growth and expansions into diverse business areas, SK group is ranked as the third largest company based on asset amounts according to the Fair Trade Commission of Korea, only after Samsung and Hyundai Motor groups. SK brand management can be analyzed, using the framework of 4 stages - 'infrastructure', 'planning', 'doing', and 'seeing' stages. In order to secure 'infrastructure' of brand management system, SK has invested huge resources to the 'SK BMS' (SK Brand Management System). At the 'planning' stage, the most important task of SK like other Korean business groups is perhaps to adopt a well-organized 'brand identity (BI) system' which may consolidate brand values of individual member companies. In actuality, SK BI consists of Customer Happiness located at the center and 3 other elements of Pride, Professionalism, and Customer-orientation. At the 'doing' stage, the slogan of 'OK! SK' and the logo of 'Wings of Happiness' have been placed at the core of the SK group brand building programs. SK adopts the principle of 'independent yet united', pinpointing that each member company independently works for its business performance but it is, at the same time, encouraged to integrate its capabilities for the SK group brand. In addition, SK has sought 'shared growth' with business partners for happiness for all the members in the society. 'Social Contribution Philosophy' based on SK value of 'creation of greater happiness' is again one of the most important guidelines for CSR (corporate social responsibility) at the doing stage. At the seeing stage, SK regularly evaluates its branding programs. SK has shown some very impressive achievements in brand management: (1) a core identity of 'Customer Happiness' participating member companies may share, (2) harmonious relationships between the group brand management office and brand management divisions of member companies, and (3) consistency-keeping in brand management over time. However, there remain two major challenges: (1) globalization of SK and (2) reinforcing sustainable superiority over not only Korean rivals but also global ones.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제36권
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• pp.347-377
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• 2003

China is a country with large agricultural areas and subject to frequent calamities. Drought is the top of them. It has been a key problem for development of agriculture in the country. In the long struggle against drought, Chinese have accumulated many rational and irrational experiences. The Dragon Kings Belief, which is popular in North China and discussed in a thesis, is one of their irrational experiences. The belief was passed together with Buddhism from India to China in the Tang Dynasty. After it settled down, it was incorporated with the local five dragons belief and a set of beliefs in dragon kings came into existence. The emergence of the dragon kings belief ended the history that the title of rain got was not clear in China and Dragon kings finally got the status. Irrigation is the lifeblood of agriculture in China. In a Chinese mind, Dragon kings are the most important gods who take charge of rain and thus offer the lifeblood. In understanding the nature and characteristics of Chinese traditional culture, it is important for us to make clear the origin and evolution of the belief, find out its nature, function and operation. In the every year beginning of February of the Fanzhuang calendar in the people of Hebeisheng Zhaoxian, would all hold a festival to offer sacrifices to the $^{{\circ}TM}^{\prime}longpai$. Longpai was regarded as the core of the temple fair, thus the native sons came to call this festival; "longpaihui". In this region the'Fanzhuang longpaihui'developed into a well knownand grand temple fair. It was able to attract numerous pilgrims with its special magic power, occupying a place in $China^{{\circ}TM}$ 'eryueer'festival with festive dragon activities. The dragon is a common totem among Chinese nationals. The belief worship of the dragon dates from the start time of primitive societies. Dragon oneself the ancients worship's thunder lightning. In the worship of the great universe, at first afterwards this belief with the tribe's totem worships to combine to become the animal spirit. In ancient myths legends, along with folk religion and beliefs all hold a very important position. The longpaihui is a temple fair without a temple; this characteristic is a distinction between longpaihui and other temple fairs. As for longpaihui must of the early historical records are unclear. The originator of a huitou system has a kind of organized form of the special features rather, originator of a huitou not fix constant, everything follows voluntarily principle, can become member with the freedom, also can back at any time the meeting. There is a longpaihui for 'dangjiaren', is total representative director in the originator of a huitou will. 'banghui' scope particularly for extensive, come apparently every kind of buildup that help can return into the banghui, where is the person of this village or outside village of, the general cent in banghui work is clear and definite, for longpaihui would various businesses open smoothly the exhibition provides to guarantees powerfully. Fanzhuang longpaihui from the beginning of February to beginning six proceed six days totally. The longpai is used as the ancestry absolute being to exsits with the community absolute being at the same time in fanzhuang first took civil faith, in reality is a kind of method to support social machine in native folks realize together that local community that important function, it provided a space, a kind of a view to take with a relation, rising contact, communication, solidify the community contents small village, formation with fanzhuang. The fanzhuang is used as supplies for gathering town, by luck too is this local community trade exchanges center at the same time therefore can say the faith of the longpai, in addition to its people's custom, religious meaning, still have got the important and social function. Moreover matter worthy of mentioning, Longpai would in organize process, from prepare and plan the producing of meeting every kind of meeting a longpeng of the matter do, all letting person feeling is to adjust the popular support of, get the mass approbation with positive participate. Apart from the originator of a huitou excluding, those although not originator of a huitou, however enthusiasm participate the banghui of its business, also is too much for the number.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2013

디지털 경제에 적합한 주택시장안정 종합대책의 일환으로 주택에 대한 투기적 수요를 억제하고 투기이익을 환수하기 위해 1세대 2주택 이상자에 대해 양도소득세를 중과하는 제도를 도입하였다. 이를 통해 주택 투기소득을 조세로 적극 흡수하여 주택에 대한 기대수익률을 낮추고 투기적 주택수요를 억제하기 위한 취지를 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 1주택자와 다주택자 등 직접적인 이해관계자 이외에 부동산업 종사자, 세무사, 세무공무원 등 다주택자 중과제도에 대한 전문적인 견해를 피력할 수 있는 그룹을 선정하였다. 그리고 설문조사를 통해 그들의 의견을 수집하여 다주택자 중과제도 존속에 대한 찬반 여부와 효과 등에 대한 의견을 설문을 통해 알아보았다. 설문 결과 주택보유량이 많은 서울시 거주자일수록 다주택자 중과제도에 대한 인지도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 주택 보유량이 많을수록 다주택자 중과제도 폐지에 찬성한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 각각의 이해관계자들의 다주택자에 대한 양도소득세 중과제도에 대한 인식의 정도를 확인할 수 있었다.