• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4577-4581
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess thyroid function in breast cancer patients exposed to therapeutic external beam radiation. The focus was on possible progressive changes and any relationships between the incidence of primary hypothyroidism, the time required to become hypothyroid, and factors such as chemotherapy, hormonotherapy and immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: Seventy females undergoing 3D conformal and IMRT radiation therapy for breast cancers were enrolled in a non-randomized prospective study. The patients was divided into two groups: those after mastectomy or breast conserving surgery (BCS) were irradiated to a scar of the chest wall/breast and the ipsilateral supraclavicular and the axillary areas (supraclavicular radiotherapy group - SC-RT group - 32 patients) and the control group receiving adjuvant chest wall/breast RT only (BCT group - 38 patients).The total doses were 50.0 to 70 Gy in 5 to 7 weeks. The median follow-up term was 24 months (range, 1-40 months). Thyroid function was evaluated by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels. The minimum, maximum and mean thyroid gland doses for 20 Gy (V20) were calculated for all patients. Results: Statistically significant results were obtained for the SC-RT group. Two yearsa fter the end of RT the chance of an event was increased in 6% of the population (p=0.009) in the SC-RT group. In the BCT group no significance was noted. No statistically significant differences were found for V20, chemio-, immunotherapy and hormonotherapy or Ki67 values (p=0.12). No significant results were obtained for development of hypothyroidism and clinical factors (age, thyroid volume, treatment modalities). Conclusion: Radiotherapy is associated with a higher incidence of thyroid toxicity in breast cancer patients. Routine thyroid function monitoring should be recommended in such cases.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.269-274
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• 2011

A CFD analysis was performed to examine the inner channel blockage of dual-cooled fuel which has being developed for the power uprate of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The dual-cooled fuel consists of an annular fuel pellet($UO_2$) and dual claddings as well as internal and external cooling channels. The dual-cooled annular fuel is different from a conventional solid 려el by employing an internal cooling channel for each fuel pellet as well as an external cooling channel. One of the key issues is the hypothetical event of inner channel blockage because the inner channel is an isolated flow channel without the coolant mixing between the neighboring flow channels. The inner channel blockage could cause the Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) in the inner channel that eventually causes a fuel failure. This paper presents the CFD simulation of the flow through the side holes of the bottom end plug for the complete entrance blockage of the inner channel. Since the amount of coolant supply to the inner channel depends on largely the pressure loss at the side hole, the pressure loss coefficient of the side hole was estimated by the CFD analysis. The CFD prediction of the loss coefficient showed a reasonable agreement with an experimental data for the complete blockage of both the inner channel entrance and the outer channel. The CFD predictions also showed the decrease of the loss coefficient as the outer channel blockage increases.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.102-110
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• 2019

The military respond well to external publics in the event of a crisis int that they are operated based on the trust of the people. Unlike other organizations, however, the Korean military has the distinctiveness that soldiers experience military life as internal publics for a certain period of time and after serving in the army, they become those who evaluate the military as external publics. Therefore, it is important to examine what would be effective crisis management strategies in terms of communicating with active-duty soldiers. Given that active-duty soldiers are accustomed to using SNS these days, this study investigated whether message forms (digital image vs. text) affect the perception of the military in crisis, acceptance of the given message, and attitude toward the military. Our empirical findings suggest that image-based messages are more likely to increase levels of message acceptance than text-based messages. Based on the results, we discussed practical implications on communication strategies for managing the military in crisis.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2014

Things in the IoT(Internet of Things) make various services by exchanging information over networks. The IoT includes many types of WSNs(Wireless Sensor Networks) that consists of spatially distributed wireless sensor nodes and operates with the various purposes with useful technologies such as identification, sensing and communication. Typically, Zigbee network composed of low-cost and lowpower devices is mainly used for wide-area monitoring and remote device control systems. The IoT composed of various WSNs cannot interoperate among networks because of heterogeneous communication protocol and different data representation of each network, but can facilitate interconnection and information exchange among networks via the DDS, which is communication middleware standard that aims to enable real-time, high performance and interoperable data exchanges. In this paper, we proposed design of Zigbee Adaptor for two-way interoperation and data exchange between Zigbee network and other networks in the IoT. Zigbee Adaptor communicates with Zigbee network according to the Zigbee protocol and communicates with external networks via DDS. DDS-based Zigbee Adaptor can facilitate interoperation between a Zigbee network and external networks by systematic cooperation among its components.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2003

In [1] we proposed a method to generate a test model (GFSM) from a set of scenarios of embedded software. Each scenario describes the interaction sequences for an external input event. Although these external events are generated and accepted alternatively and concurrently by embedded software, we considered only the alternative relations. In this paper, we describe an improved algorithm to generate GFSM from concurrent scenarios, and propose methods to reduce the number of transitions in the GFSM. The first is the synchronous interpretation of message passing instead of asynchronous one considering the real behavior of tasks in embedded software. The others apply the partial order techniques to the GFSM using independent regions. We apply the method to generate a reduced GFSM of embedded software running on a digital TV.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.266-274
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• 2009

An abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs most commonly in older individuals (between 65 and 75), and more in men and smokers. The most important complication of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is rupture, which is most often a fatal event. An abdominal aortic aneurysm weakens the walls of the blood vessel, leaving it vulnerable to bursting open, or rupturing, and spilling large amounts of blood into the abdominal cavity. surface modeling is very useful to surgery for quantitative analysis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. the 3D representation and surface modeling an abdominal aortic aneurysm structure taken from Multi Detector Computed Tomography. The construction of the 3D model is generally carried out by staking the contours obtained from 2D segmentation of each CT slice, so the quality of the 3D model strongly defends on the precision of segmentation process. In this work we present deformable model algorithm. deformable model is an energy-minimizing spline guided by external constraint force. External force which we call Gradient Vector Flow, is computed as a diffusion of a gradient vectors of gray level or binary edge map derived from the image. Finally, we have used snakes successfully for abdominal aortic aneurysm segmentation the performance of snake was visually and quantitatively validated by experts.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.265-283
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• 2021

To ensure that fire induced collapse of a building is prevented it is important to understand the sequence of events that can lead to this event. In this paper, the initiation of collapse mechanisms of generic a multi-storey steel frame subjected to vertical and horizontal travelling fires are analysed computationally by tracking the formation of plastic hinges in the frame and generation of fire induced loads. Both uniform and travelling fires are considered. In total 58 different cases are analysed using finite element software LS-DYNA. For the frame examined with a simple and generic structural arrangement and higher applied fire protection to the columns, the results indicate that collapse mechanisms for singe floor and multiple floor fires can be each split into two main groups. For single floor fires (taking place in the upper floors of the frame (Group S1)), collapse is initiated by the pull-in of external columns when heated beams in end bays go into catenary action. For single floor fires occurring on the lower floors(Group S2), failure is initiated (i.e. ultimate strain of the material is exceeded) after the local beam collapse. Failure in both groups for single floor fires is governed by the generation of high loads due to restrained thermal expansion and the loss of material strength. For multiple floor fires with a low number of fire floors (1 to 3) - Group M1, failure is dominated by the loss of material strength and collapse is mainly initiated by the pull-in of external columns. For the cases with a larger number of fire floors (5 to 10) - Group M2, failure is dominated by thermal expansion and collapse is mainly initiated by swaying of the frame to the side of fire origin. The results show that for the investigated frame initiation of collapse mechanisms are affected by the fire type, the number of fire floors, and the location of the fire floor. The findings of this study could be of use to designers of buildings when developing fire protection strategies for steel framed buildings where the potential for a multifloor fire exists.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.306-309
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• 2022

Recently, the frequency of earthquakes is rapidly increasing in Korea. As a result, concerns about earthquakes are increasing. Response and recovery in the event of an earthquake are also important, but it is necessary to identify management vulnerabilities in advance and perform prevention and preparation activities. K-water collects real-time earthquake data by operating an earthquake accelerator to manage facilities safe from earthquakes. In addition, real-time data is transmitted to external organizations. Therefore, various efforts are being made to improve the quality of data. In order to reduce the management vulnerability of the earthquake monitoring system in advance, high-quality data can be produced by minimizing the delay time of data collection and establishing a real-time quality analysis system and base for earthquake data using big data. Accordingly, it is expected to protect the lives and property of the people from earthquake disasters by securing dam safety management and high-quality earthquake data and providing rapid data to external institutions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 2023

Due to the spread of COVID-19, the use of public transportation such as urban railroads has changed significantly since the beginning of 2020. Therefore, in this study, daily time series data for each urban railway station were collected for three years before COVID-19 and after the spread of COVID-19, and the similarity of time series analysis was evaluated through DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) distance method to derive regression centers for each cluster, and the effect of various external events such as COVID-19 on changes in the number of users was diagnosed as a time series impact detection function. In addition, the characteristics of use by cluster of urban railway stations were analyzed, and the change in passenger volume due to external shocks was identified. The purpose was to review measures for the maintenance and recovery of usage in the event of re-proliferation of COVID-19.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.14
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• 2023

Microvilli are outer membrane organelles that contain cross-linked filamentous actin. Unlike well-characterized epithelial microvilli, T-cell microvilli are dynamic similar to those of filopodia, which grow and shrink intermittently via the alternate actin-assembly and -disassembly. T-cell microvilli are specialized for sensing Ags on the surface of Ag-presenting cells (APCs). Thus, these finger-shaped microprotrusions contain many signaling-related proteins and can serve as a signaling platforms that induce intracellular signals. However, they are not limited to sensing external information but can provide sites for parts of the cell-body to tear away from the cell. Cells are known to produce many types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and membrane particles. T cells also produce EVs, but little is known about under what conditions T cells generate EVs and which types of EVs are released. We discovered that T cells produce few exosomes but release large amounsts of microvilli-derived particles during physical interaction with APCs. Although much is unanswered as to why T cells use the same organelles to sense Ags or to produce EVs, these events can significantly affect T cell fate, including clonal expansion and death. Since TCRs are localized at microvilli tips, this membrane event also raises a new question regarding long-standing paradigm in T cell biology; i.e., surface TCR downmodulation following T cell activation. Since T-cell microvilli particles carry T-cell message to their cognate partner, these particles are termed T-cell immunological synaptosomes (TISs). We discuss the potential physiological role of TISs and their application to immunotherapies.