• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.5
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• pp.259-272
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• 1999

The real nature of the west wind in Shelley's Ode to the West Wind is the divine providence which influences all things in this world- that is, whether they are on land, in the sky, or in the sea. The divine providence is the manifestation of something beyond the present and tangibel object. In the first stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is the wild wind, the breath of Autumn's being, the unseen presence, the azure sister of the Spring, a Destroyer, a Preserver, the winged seed, a creator, a philosopher, a poet, Shelley, and the wild spirit moving everywhere. In the second stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is cloud, the angel of rain and lightning, fierce Maenad, the approaching storm, the congregated might, the black rain, the fire, hail, solid atmosphere, the tremendous power of revolutionary change, and the power that influences all things in the sky. In the third stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is the voice that makes the oozy woods which wear the sapless foliage of the Atlantic, and the power makes the blue Mediterranean wake from his summer dream. the fit medium of expression which Shelley's soul was seeking for, Shelley's passion, Shelley's partner, Shelley's co-worker, and a strong presence which influences in the sea. In the fourth stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is the mightest presence, the power, the strength, the free presence, the uncontrollable, the wanderer over heaven, a vision, the tameless, the swift, the proud and the God who can save Shelley form the heavy weight of hours and lift Shelley as a wave a leaf, a cloud. In the fifth stanza, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is the mighty harmony, the fierce Spirit, Shelley's spirit, the impetuous spirit, incanation of this verse, spark, the trumpet of a prophecy, the Providence which can make the Winter depart and call Spring, and the prophet. To conclude, the real nature of the west wind in this poem is Shelley's accumulated insight that he visulize his impulse of revolutionary thought.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.441-454
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• 2004

This article aimed at semiotically analyzing and encoding the characteristics of Pop. Artistic style of a dress in the 2000's, and understanding social and cultural meaning to characteristics revealed at modern style of a dress. As research methods, Pop. Art factors were adjusted to non-individuality, openness, eroticism, parody through precedent research comparing and considering Pop. art, and 61 photos were selected, and they were analyzed into signifier and signified. It's analysis results are as follows. Non-individualistic image revealed modern style of a dress was intensively indicated at the pattern aspect of Pop. Art style of a dress, and any remarkable characteristics were not shown at the form aspect. Non-individuality was actively and progressively expressed due to the effect of the 2000's trends to pursue of frank desire, artistic and sensual life. For open image revealed at modern style of a dress, the characteristics were intensively highlighted at the details and accessories of style of a dress, and at the details and accessories of style of a dress, and at textile and pattern aspect, and notable signifier did not turn up. Pop. Artistic eroticism in the 2000's could be seen to unconditionally expose, or commercialize sex, but fashionably and gorgeously re-interpret it, which was found that the expression to women was changed in a free and emotionally-oriented way by the influence of feminism, expansion of feministic thought and optimism on New-millenium. At parody, simple and humorous parody rather than deep intended or heavy mattered one was seen, which means the effect of the 21st culture pursuing pleasure, fun and humor appeared as an positive parody phenomenon. It is found that the Pop. Art style of a dress in the 2000s shows up as a feministic, bright, cheerful Pop. Art in that it creates exaggerated harmony mixed with decorativeness ad functionalism, and pursue for frank desire and reflects optimistic trend of New Millenium seeking for fun and humor.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2015

Ghetto was originated from the concept of "Jewish Camp", the segregated Jewish residential area, and recently it refers to the black neighborhoods of the poor living conditions or slum. A region to form a unique culture distinguished from the adjacent area is also called as ghetto. The culture born in that region is called "ghetto culture", and from the cultural aspect it can mean a type of haven that allows the freedom and deviation of their own. In this study, the generating background and the characteristics of ghetto style especially to adolescents were examined, and celebrities' unique fashion styles that lead the public in the fashion diffusion process were analyzed. Through this, Ghetto culture was understood and the effects of the mass culture phenomena on fashion, symbolization, and an aesthetic value were examined. With this, it aims to help understand the effect of special local culture like "ghetto" on modern fashion and expand the design area. As a result of this study, the characteristics of ghetto style were as followings; 1. It is based on hiphop style; 2. The name brands are exposed conspicuously; 3. Caught eyes by unusually excessive decorations; 4. It expresses confidence and toughness through fashion beyond the resistance to the target who suppresses and humiliates themselves; 5. Ghetto culture is rapidly spread through media. To conclude, ghetto style is an expression of hope of the poor that they can gain wealth through impressing the public and drawing empathy just by their talent. Furthermore, ghetto style is an important cultural trend that has appeared as their wannabe and a powerful display method to express success.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

The study is to provide basic data on improving costume's fitting by developing physical integrated Basic Bodice Block's development for body types of adult women, which is based on setting up body-type information per truncus as fundamental of adult women's top product manufacture in being ready for Mass Customization era. Also, after review on the objectivity and accuracy of fitting information by real wear and virtual wear experiment on body types, not only 3D virtual clothing system was used as way of information provider of Clothing product, but also provided as basic data in order to use effectively on portion of clothing passion in responding to trend of Mass customization in advance. The consequence of the study is as followings. After analyzing significance differences per items on real and virtual wear evaluation, bowed type of type 1 had significance differences on waist measurement and hip circumference in back and side, which would be knowing as not integrated with costume, affecting form of human body according to virtual wear system bended on back region. Also, in side evaluation, every types except straight body type of type 3 appeared significant differences. In virtual wear evaluation, costume's expression with side body types were not similar to real wear until now except straight body types. It would be improvement things from 3D virtual wear system in advance.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.235-261
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to suggest the ways to apply describing attributes and relationships of person to Korean Cataloging Rules. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the conceptual models such as FRBR and FRAD, and the cataloging rules such as AACR2R, RDA, and KCR2 were compared and analyzed. For describing attributes of person, this study analyzed names, dates, titles, fuller form of names, genders, places, affiliations, languages, fields of activity, professions or occupations, biographical information, and identifiers of person. For describing relationships of persons, this study investigated describing relationships to persons associated with each resource, such as a work, an expression, a manifestation, and an item, and describing relationships between persons, relationships between persons and families, and relationships between persons and corporate bodies. Based on these analyses, this study suggested the application methods of describing attributes and relationships of persons in Korean Cataloging Rules.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.61-76
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• 2006

To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of herbal-accupunture with Orostachys japhonicus A.Berger, infusion solution put into Kansu(BL18) of mouse induced by Colon26-L5 human colon cancer cells, which are corresponding to humanbody. We observed the change of body weight, surviving number, median surviving time, increase of life span, changes in amount of leukocyte, erythrocyte, platelet, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen and kidney, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of CD4+, CD8+, CD9+ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In acute and sub-acute cytotoxicity experiment, significantly signs were not appeared in all groups. 2. Antimetastatic experiment in vitro and in vivo showed that Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger Herbal-acupuncture at Kansu(BL18) has antimetastatic effects. 3. The spleen cells proliferation of the experimental groups treated with Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger infusion solution extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. As compared with control, the population of total T cell, helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell and macrophage were increased. 5. The production of Th 1 type cytokines from splenocyte and cytokines which is associated with anti-tumor activity form macrophage were increased significantly. Above the results revealed that herbal-accupunture with Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger infusion solution has effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.8A
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• pp.592-599
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• 2009

In this paper, we consider multiuser multi-input/multi-output antenna systems with zero-forcing receivers in downlink. In this case, to exploit multiuser diversity, spatial-division multiple access (SDMA) system allows to assign different users to a part of transmit antennas at the base station whereas spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) system assigns all antennas to single user's data stream. In this paper, we present analytical frameworks to evaluate performance of these systems. We first analyze the performance of these two systems by deriving closed-form expressions of achievable throughput. Numerical results show that the derived expressions are very tight. In addition, we approximate the capacity expression of SDM and SDMA systems and compare the SDM with the optimal case.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.576-581
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• 2005

Phytase improves the bioavailability of phytate phosphorus in plant foods to humans and animals, and reduces the phosphorus pollution of animal waste. We have engineered the cell surface of the yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by anchoring active fungal phytase on its cell wall, in order to apply it as a dietary supplement containing bioconversional functions in animal foods and a whole cell bio-catalyst for the treatment of waste. The phytase gene (phyA) of Aspergillus niger with a signal peptide of rice amylase 1A (Ramy1A) was fused with the gene encoding the C-terminal half (320 amino acid residues from the C-terminus) of yeast ${\alpha}-agglutinin$, a protein which is involved in mating and is covalently anchored to the cell wall. The resulting fusion construct was introduced into S. cerevisiae and expressed under the control of the constitutive glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter. Phytase plate assay revealed that the surface-engineered cell exhibited a catalytically active opaque zone which was restricted to the margin of the colony. Additionally, the phytase activity was detected in the cell fraction, but was not detected in the culture medium when it was grown in liquid. These results indicate that the phytase was successfully anchored to the cell surface of yeast and was displayed as its active form. The amount of recombinant phytase on the surface of yeast cells was estimated to be 16,000 molecules per cell.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.134-145
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• 2004

Qi. in ancient east Asian Philosophy and medicine, was the quintessential concept symbolizing material orgin of the world. It was considered as the original matter of the world, and the genesis, development and extinction of everything in heaven and earth was explained through the movement of Qi. Despite its importance, the interpretation of Qi has brought about various bifurcations in the history of Oriental medicine. It is comprehended either as ideal concept, or as actual entity. Also, there exists synthetic idea of considering both sides of Qi. These ideas results from obscure understanding based on textual interpretation apart from actual experince. When experincing Qi through discipline, however, man can understand Qi concretly and actually and even grasp the explanation of the cosmos and life. One problem of Qi discipline was that it couldn't ascend the stage of subjective experience. Now, with the method of 'Hanalmomjit'. a developed form of zifadonggong(自發動功), I could reach coherent results to offer the foundation of objective understanding of Qi. The testees, disciples of Hanalmomjit, could express the characters of herbs in their Qigong actions, and the expression was meaningful and coherent to be considered as expressing the effects described in the classics of herbalogy. This result comes from the capacity of grasping external Qi-status, not only expressing the internal communication of jingluo(經絡) in Hanalmomjit.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2007

As the world has been forming the global village and the cultures of each country are exchanged, the unique cultural specialty of each country high been merged with the generality in the world. The increasing interest on the oriental world and the globalization recently brings the fusion form of oriental and occidental cultures. In such a global trend, it is our challenge to find out the traditional beauty and the design factors of Korea for the new challenge and development of Korean fashion and to develop the most Korean and global design by interpreting them in a modem sense. It is the Era of the Three States when an of official hat among the personal ornaments of Korea was firstly described on the literature, including the literature of ancient China and Chronicles of Three States and Heritage of Three States of Korea. Those literatures clarified that the people in Goguryeo Baekje, Silla and Gaya decorated themselves with gold, silver and jade. Furthermore, since various kinds of ornaments have been excavated, they shown the development of metal craft in the Era of Three States. This study aim to exploit the design motives among the gold crown elements among the ornaments during the Era of Three States, interpret them in a modem expression, develop the textile design using the Adobe photoshop and suggest the application approaches by applying them to the clothing design.