• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and use change of the private space according to the balcony expansion and use it as the data of plan design. According to Bay, front length/width ratio and the change of balcony space before and after expansion of space organization of house units were analyzed. Common characteristics of Flat type and Tower type are an increase of the frontage length of house units in an apartment, an increase of the number of front bay, and an increase of integrated LDK focusing on living room. A difference is that Flat type shows high frontage ratio, Bay figure, and spatial arrangement favorable to front openness and lighting. Flat type shows higher area distribution than Tower type in LDK area distribution located in at the plane center. Spatial expandability and visual openness of Flat type are more beneficial than those of Tower type in the planning, and a balcony extension of house units has developed to direction to open more. Tower type creates various block images through a combination of house units focusing on the core. Uses after balcony expansion are area expansion of a balcony-neighboring room, storage space, expansion and function improvement of the variable range, and specialized space different from a neighboring room. In addition, there is no escapable space except for a shelter, so unit plan should be prepared to prevent using it other space of a shelter and to solve moving line of two-way horizontal refuge and vertical refuge.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2012

Competition between international Hub ports has been more and more intense. In order to invigorate itself, Gwang-Yang port has been making multilateral efforts. However, it has not still reached 300Millions TEU which is the standard to be permitted as a self-reliance Hub port. Therefore, a functional modification of berth should be considered. This study suggests to transform container berths to general berths. This article is focused on reserve berth mode of Gwang Yang hub port and selected three kinds of berths as alternative subjects of the study: general berth, exclusive berth, and multipurpose berth. This research has conducted that The subjects of the survey were in relation with Logistics as professional mutually group about Gwang-Yang hub port. The measurements of this survey were measure section and factor. Also, Fuzzy AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) was applied to the survey. According to the result, by measuring weight values of alternatives, the best favored one was multipurpose berth expect stability (32.6%), Exclusive berth was graded the most among the alternatives. Also, based on total weight value, the order of priority is as follows: multipurpose berth(38.2%), exclusive port(33.7%), general berth(28.1%).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

This article describes an enzyme stabilization method that allows the use of enzymes irrespective of environmental factors, especially heat, while maintaining their activity for a long time. We have designed enzyme microcapsules that consist of papain enzyme cores, poly(propylene glycol) interlayers, and poly(${\epsilon}-caprolactone$) walls. By confocal laser scanning microscopy measurements and the thermal stability of papain-loaded microcapsules, it is demonstrated that the papain is surrounded by a hydrophobic polyol layer and stabilized by the exclusive volume effect. In our study, improved thermal stability can be obtained by using more hydrophobic long-chained polyols, which is understood to be attributed to the effective formation of a hydrophobic polyol layer between the papain and the polymer wall by means of conformational anchoring in the interface.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.3524-3542
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• 2017

In a single-source and multi-relay amplify-forward (AF) cooperative network, the outage probability and the power allocation are two key factors to influence the performance of an entire system. In this paper, an optimized AF relay selection by an exclusive method and near optimal power allocation (NOPA) is proposed for both good outage probability and power efficiency. Given the same power at the source and the relay nodes, a threshold for selecting the relay nodes is deduced and employed to minimize the average outage probability. It mainly excludes the relay nodes with much higher thresholds over the aforementioned threshold and thus the remainders of the relay nodes participate in cooperative forwarding efficiently. So the proposed scheme can improve the utility of the resources in the cooperative multi-relay system, as well as reduce the computational complexity. In addition, based on the proposed scheme, a NOPA is also suggested to approach sub-optimal power efficiency with low complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme obtains about 2.1dB and 5.8dB performance gain at outage probability of $10^{-4}$, when compared with the all-relay-forward (6 participated relays) and the single-relay-forward schemes. Furthermore, it obtains the minimum outage probability among all selective relay schemes with the same number of the relays. Meanwhile, it approaches closely to the optimal exhaustive scheme, thus reduce much complexity. Moreover, the proposed NOPA scheme achieves better outage probability than those of the equal power allocation schemes. Therefore, the proposed scheme can obtain good outage probability, low computational complexity and high power efficiency, which makes it pragmatic efficiently in the single-source and multi-relay AF based cooperative networks.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.123-131
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to suggest an optimum guide line of the unit plan design in national housing (less than $85m^2$ of exclusive floor area in a dwelling unit). The unit plan of apartment have been improved diversely for the residents, and the family members per household have been decreased for decades comparing with the past. In contrast, the living space per household has been increased steadily, it is because of the improvement of the living standard. The unit plan have been improved from 2-bay corridor access type and 2~3 and 4-bay staircase type. In december 2005, the balcony was permitted to be used as exclusive living area without the increase of the original living area by law. So the apartment residents have been able to use more spacious area exclusively in a dwelling unit. On the other hand, the legalization on permitting balcony area into a exclusive area resulted in a distorted wide and enlarged plan only for the business profit improvement lately. The living environment has been changed differently unlike at the time of the legislation of the national housing. The family member per household has been decreased and the related law and the institution has also been changed. Moreover It has passed 40 years since the legislation of national housing ($85m^2$). So, The size of national housing should be reviewed according to the current trend in terms of the decrease of household and the utilization of balcony area.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.81-87
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among CSR activities, relationship quality, and organizational performance in an exclusive Liquor licensed Wholesalers in Korea. In this research, CSR activities consists of four factors including characterizes(consumer, economy, philanthropy, and environment). First, this study investigated how CSR activities affected both Honesty Trust and Reciprocity Trust, second analyzed how both Honesty Trust and Reciprocity Trust influenced organizational performance. The data were obtained from a questionnaire handed out to a random sample of 95 individuals that exclusive license operators. With the information obtained, and after the scales validation process, PLS(Partial Least Square) has been conducted. The analysis results indicate that CSR activities, relationship quality, and organizational performance in an exclusive license operators. According to the analysis, first, both economy and environment affect both Honesty Trust and Reciprocity Trust. second Honesty Trust affect organizational performance. Finally, based in the findings of this study, theoretical contribution and managerial implications are discussed.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2008

8 Exclusive Median Bus Lanes(EMBL) are operated in Seoul metropolitan city after the opening of Chon-ho section in 1996. But the changes in the road traffic demand on the direct and indirect influence area have not reported. In this paper, before and after survey and analysis of road traffic demand on 3 EMBLs opened in 2004 are conducted. In summary, the traffic demand of 3 EMBL road section decreased dramatically to 24.7% after the opening and then increased 1.4% after a year. The traffic demand of detour road decreased to 2.9% after the opening and then increased 0.3% after a year. Considering measurement error as ${\pm}5%$, Road traffic demands on the influence area of EMBL section are a stable state after one year. So it is presumed that the trip demand on EMBL section using vehicle does not make a detour around the influence area but divert into another transport modal.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.31-37
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• 2001

License plate recognition system for an exclusive bus-lane is made of 5 core parts which are vehicle detection, image acquisition individual character extraction, character recognition and data transmission. Among them, the accuracy of license plate extraction can bring effect significantly to the accuracy of a whole system recognition rate also the more exact extraction of license plate is required in various weather and environment conditions. Therefore in this paper we propose a plat extraction algorithm that makes pyramid structure to reduced the extraction processing time binarizes plate's template region using adaptive thresholding extracts candidate region containing plate, and verifies a final region using plate character distribution characteristics among the candidates. Experimenal results were exactly extracted the license plate region by using proposed method to the image obtained in an exclusive bus-lane with various weather and environment conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.199-214
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• 2012

This study analyzed the differences of the sex-role attitude, communication, and marital satisfaction according to a demographic factors as well as analyzed the relationship of the effects on sex-role attitude(sex-role awareness, sex-capacity awareness), communication(close relationship, exclusive relationship, passive relationship), and marital satisfaction of elderly couples. The survey was conducted from June 20 to July 30, 2012 among the elderly couples aged 60 or older in the Gyeonggi-do areas, and 378 responses were used in the data analysis. The statistical analysis methods were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis. As a results, there were partially differences in the sex-role attitude, communication, and marital satisfaction. The sex-role awareness and sex-capacity awareness had a positive impact on close relationship and passive relationship of the communication. But the sex-capacity awareness had a negative impact on exclusive relationship of the communication. In addition, The sex-role awareness and close relationship had a positive impact on marital satisfaction, but exclusive relationship and passive relationship had a negative impact on marital satisfaction of elderly couples.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.2A
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• pp.116-123
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• 2002

The jacket matrix is based on the Walsh-Hadamard matrix and an extension of it. While elements of the Walsh-Hadamard matrix are +1, or -1, those of the Jacket matrix are ${\pm}$1 and ${\pm}$$\omega$, which is $\omega$, which is ${\pm}$j and ${\pm}$2$\sub$n/. This matrix has weights in the center part of the matrix and its size is 1/4 of Hadamard matrix, and it has also two parts, sigh and weight. In this paper, instead of the conventional Jacket matrix where the weight is imposed by force, a simple Jacket sequence generation method is proposed. The Jacket sequence is generated by AND and Exclusive-OR operations between the binary indices bits of row and those of column. The weight is imposed on the element by when the product of each Exclusive-OR operations of significant upper two binary index bits of a row and column is 1. Each part of the Jacket matrix can be represented by jacket sequence using row and column binary index bits. Using Distributed Arithmetic (DA), we present a VLSI architecture of the Fast Jacket transform is presented. The Jacket matrix is able to be applied to cryptography, the information theory and complex spreading jacket QPSK modulation for WCDMA.