• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2014.10a
• /
• pp.11-11
• /
• 2014

Fungal pathogens have huge impact on health and economic wellbeing of human by causing life-threatening mycoses in immune-compromised patients or by destroying crop plants. A key determinant of fungal pathogenesis is their ability to undergo developmental change in response to host or environmental factors. Genetic pathways that regulate such morphological transitions and adaptation are therefore extensively studied during the last few decades. Given that epigenetic as well as genetic components play pivotal roles in development of plants and mammals, contribution of microbial epigenetic counterparts to this morphogenetic process is intriguing yet nearly unappreciated question to date. To bridge this gap in our knowledge, we set out to investigate histone modifications among epigenetic mechanisms that possibly regulate fungal adaptation and processes involved in pathogenesis of a model plant pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. M. oryzae is a causal agent of rice blast disease, which destroys 10 to 30% of the rice crop annually. Since the rice is the staple food for more than half of human population, the disease is a major threat to global food security. In addition to the socioeconomic impact of the disease it causes, the fungus is genetically tractable and can undergo well-defined morphological transitions including asexual spore production and appressorium (a specialized infection structure) formation in vitro, making it a model to study fungal development and pathogenicity. For functional and comparative analysis of histone modifications, a web-based database (dbHiMo) was constructed to archive and analyze histone modifying enzymes from eukaryotic species whose genome sequences are available. Histone modifying enzymes were identified applying a search pipeline built upon profile hidden Markov model (HMM) to proteomes. The database incorporates 22,169 histone-modifying enzymes identified from 342 species including 214 fungal, 33 plants, and 77 metazoan species. The dbHiMo provides users with web-based personalized data browsing and analysis tools, supporting comparative and evolutionary genomics. Based on the database entries, functional analysis of genes encoding histone acetyltransferases and histone demethylases is under way. Here I provide examples of such analyses that show how histone acetylation and methylation is implicated in regulating important aspects of fungal pathogenesis. Current analysis of histone modifying enzymes will be followed by ChIP-Seq and RNA-seq experiments to pinpoint the genes that are controlled by particular histone modifications. We anticipate that our work will provide not only the significant advances in our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms operating in microbial eukaryotes but also basis to expand our perspective on regulation of development in fungal pathogens.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.273-285
• /
• 2005

Genetic variation of notorious invasive plants, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) were examined using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. A total of 18 different ITS types were detected from 156 individuals of common ragweed sampled mainly from the southern part of Korean peninsula whereas four types were identified from 46 individuals of giant ragweed. High sequence diversity observed from common ragweed in Korean populations was interpreted as multiple introduction. Genetic recombination was suggested as possible method for the production of some of the ITS types while point mutation was mainly responsible for the origin of the sequence diversity. This study provided some of basic genetic information needed for understanding of the evolutionary process in ragweed during invasion.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.299-314
• /
• 2011

The choice of molecular markers is the first step when selecting experimental plans in the field of population genetics. The popular molecular markers in population genetic studies are mainly allozyme, RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, microsatellite, SNP and ISSR. Among these, microsatellites are frequently found in nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial genome, showing a high level of polymorphism and nuclear microsatellites are codominant. Thus, it is a favorable molecular marker for population structure analyses and genetic diversity studies. Microsatellites are composed of tandem repeated 1~6 base pair nucleotide motifs and can be easily amplified by PCR reactions using locus specific primers. Because microsatellites have low cross-species transferability, however, they are only applicable between phylogenetically close species. In wild plants, the lack of genomic information and the high development cost of the microsatellite obstruct the wider use of microsatellites in plant population genetics research. In this review, we introduce the basis for microsatellite markers, the development process, and analytical methods as well as evolutionary models and their applications. In addition, possible genotyping errors which lead to erroneous conclusions are discussed.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 2001

The purposes of this research are to examine the theoretical background and industrial policy issues with regard to building a Innovation System for encouraging industrial competitiveness and fostering regional industry in Korea. Knowledge has become the driving force of economic growth and the primary source of competitiveness in the world market. So since 1990s, Innovation Systems have been put emphasis on as new industrial development strategy in a knowledge-based economy. It can be understood that Innovation System is composed of National Innovation System(NIS) and Regional Innovation System(RIS) and interrelated the concept of clusters and networks, which are contribute to industry development throughout boosting innovation. As for the Korean industrial policy, when the former centralized policy decision making process became decentralized through the implementation of local autonomy, the role of local or state government in relation to regional industrial promotion intensified. But with the impotance of for fostering strategic industry in the region. new industrial policy issues in Korea are needed as follows; $\circled1$ Building a market-oriented support system for industrial cluster through providing the resource of innovation. $\circled2$ Establishing agency for regional industrial development. $\circled3$ Making a evolutionary vision for broader region including 2 or 3 province, $\circled4$ Fostering strategic industry which is selected in term of specialization and potential of the region. The RIS model for industry development is outlined in this paper but policy initiatives for building a RIS have to be extracted from further case studies.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.19-38
• /
• 2010

Following the emergence of a knowledge-based economy, the role of universities in regional development has been re-evaluated through considering localized interactive learning processes. This paper tries to identify the role of universities for regional development and the variables effecting on their localized engagement in regional development. We argues that universities cannot be viewed as a single angle, because the behaviors of a university are influenced by the degree of their independence from regional and national governments. Likewise, the contributions of universities to their regional development can be differential depending on the organizational characteristics of individual universities, the social, political, and economical contexts of a given region and nation, and complex relations between and within universities and other regional stakeholders. These variables can be both the drivers and barriers when each university responds to regional needs. Based on the literature review, we suggest that the explanatory factors of shaping the engagement of universities in regional development can be classified into four categories: the characteristics of individual universities, the national context, the local and regional context, and the policy context.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.177-189
• /
• 2018

Business environment is always full of challenges. Despite various strategic efforts, there are so many failure cases of misfit. With the weaker resource base and institutional foundation, startup firms find it more difficult to find the right spot in the stiff competition. In the middle of evolutionary process, the startup firms need proper strategies meeting the differential challenges along the multiple stages of growth. Following the idea of product life cycle, this study applies the four stages of growth-startup, initial growth, accelerated growth, matured, and decliing. The next step for the startup manager is meeting each stage of growth with proper strategic efforts, including strategy, structure, decision-making pattern, and control method. When the knowledge factor is introduced, there is a potential for higher performance. Based on the 'Detailed Survey on Startup Ventures in 2017,' this study explores the impact of the government subsidy program on the firm competitiveness and performance-along the four stages of growth. In each stage, the strategy factors showed differential impact.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.279-291
• /
• 2020

It has already been a few years since the word Fintech in Korea started to attract attention. These days, they believed that Fintech was just a boom, but these days it is recognized as a catalyst for financial transformation. Large venture companies are also launching demonstration experiments by creating new organizations that can respond to Fintech. It feels like a big tide is coming to the cautious and conservative financial industry. Finance is made up of digital information. Fintech is an evolutionary process in which finance, expressed by digital information, is transformed into information technology (IT) and human economic activities are reorganized. It is FinTech. You won't be able to understand the real effects of Fintech by sticking to individual applications like remittance payments or household account book services. Fintech is an innovation that changes the structure of economic activity itself. In fact, it is from now on that a big impact will come. In other words, now is the time when we are thinking of a dream that we have not yet dreamed of. In this paper, I will examine how fintech originated, spread to Korea, and how it intends to change Korea's finance in the future. Financial institutions have used the fruits of information technology advances in the direction of pursuing stability and stability, without major changes in the way they work. However, the movement of Fintech that started in Silicon Valley in the United States shows that the fruit can be used in other directions. The fruit of technological progress is expected to expand year by year in the future. It is a request of the times to use it to improve user convenience and to pursue innovation that is beneficial to society. We expect the flow of Fintech to accelerate innovation in the Korean financial industry.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2017

Through the evolutionary process of the North Korean defector support policies, this research investigates the background behind the formation of non-profit organizations for the North Korean defectors and to identify and understand the problem through their characteristics and functions. Starting from 1990, with an increase in the North Korean Defectors' population as well as the introduction of multicultural society, various environmental factors, such as the domestic socio-environmental changes, resulted an increase in number of private organizations. However, not to mention the size and functions of the organizations, some do not even have required legal organizational structures in place. Their business activities, in some cases, are irrelevant to the original purpose and objectives. Moreover, the fact that 83% of the North Korean Defectors Organizations are based in Seoul while 25.5% of the North Korean Defector residing in Seoul, inevitably make the reputation of the organizations to be illegal and dishonest due to the excessive level of competitions among the similar types of organizations. In reality, the organizations show lack of growth in the areas such as securing necessary employments to the Defectors or providing educations to the youth, who will eventually become the future leaders, in building the awareness capacity toward the unification. These results show that, in conducting their activities, the organizations must be aware of the rights and responsibilities as the constituents of the society, plus the government's practical efforts in improving these issues are also necessary.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.1-44
• /
• 2023

Hexagram Bi (比 ䷇ 8) is one of the hexagrams comprised of one-unbroken line and five-broken lines. The hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines symbolize the relationship and dynamics between one yang-consciousness and the five-yin unconsciousness. The hexagram of one-unbroken line and five-broken lines has six different images depending on the position of the one unbroken line from the beginning line to the top line. In terms of psychology, this means that the position change of one yang line in relation to five yin lines may symbolize the function of consciousness which clarifies and determines the content of the psyche. In addition, the flow of psychic energy can be examined through the process of one unbroken line's movement. In other words, the psychic contents of the beginning line of hexagram Bok (復 ䷗ 24), which is the beginning of the hexagram of one-unbroken line and five-broken lines, proceed sequentially, and then arrive at the process of the last sixth, hexagram Bak (剝 ䷖ 23) through the fifth, the hexagram Bi (8). That is, it can be said that the content of the hexagram and the line determined according to the position of one unbroken line show a certain psychic flow. As a result, the first hexagram Bok (復 ䷗ 24), after recovering and starting newly, means the beginning of consciousness. After that the process of proceeding with the second, third, and fourth lines represents the flow of consciousness. And in the fifth place, the fifth line of hexagram Bi, it reaches its peak and is placed in the optimal state of consciousness because of its right and centered position at this hexagram Bi. Like nature, the psyche gradually enters the path of decline from the highest state, which leads to the last sixth, the top line of hexagram Bak. However, the top line of the hexagram Bak, where everything falls off, contains the content of starting again in its top line. It is the beginning line of hexagram Bok to inherit this. This means the circumambulation of the psyche that changes from a psychologically difficult state of depression to a stage of recovery. There is a stage that must be passed in this circulation process, and that is the hexagram Gon (坤 ䷁ 2). October(tenth month)'s hexagram Gon is placed between hexagram Bak, the ninth month of the lunar calendar, and hexagram Bok, the eleventh month of the lunar calendar. This represents that the flow of recovery must go through a maternal process of hexagram Gon. The retreat to the psychological uterus is inevitable in regenerating the psyche. This process flows from the hexagram Bak and through hexagram Gon to the hexagram Bok. At this situation the hexagram Gon acts the absolutely necessary role. In addition, the main body of the hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines, including the Bi hexagram, is also the Gon hexagram composed of six-broken lines. In other words, all six hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines have a certain relationship with the Gon hexagram, and it would be meaningful to look at the correlation between the unbroken lines of the hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines and the corresponding broken lines of the hexagram Gon. This can be said to be the dynamics of the maternal unconscious connected to the state of consciousness in six forms. Therefore, each hexagram of one-unbroken and five-broken lines symbolizes the expression of the integration the mother archetype with the consciousness. Revealing this well is the meaning of the hexagram of one-unbroken and five-broken lines. Its hexagram image consists of a combination of Gon (☷), which symbolizes the mother, and the thunder (☳) the eldest son, the water (☵) the middle son and the mountain (☶) the third son. As a result, the hexagram Bok (復 ䷗ 24), Sa (師 ䷆ 7), Gyeom (謙 ䷠ 15), Ye (豫 ䷏ 16), Bi (比 ䷇ 8) and Bak (剝 ䷖ 23) are sequentially created in the order of the unbroken line. This is symbolically the evolutionary process of consciousness. In this way, the hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines, which mean the conjunction of mother and son, represent the advancing relationship between the maternal unconscious and consciousness. In addition, the relationship with the mother according to the position of the son is related to the dynamics of mother archetype to the attitude of consciousness. The psychological meaning can be deduced from the flow of six lines of hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines. And the state in which the activation of the consciousness is at its peak is the fifth line of the hexagram Bi, and comparing it with the contents of the corresponding fifth line of hexagram Gon not only can find the state and meaning of the conjunction of consciousness and the maternal unconscious, but the entire flow can be compared to the individuation process.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.131-145
• /
• 2010

The framework for making a coordinated decision for large-scale facilities has become an important issue in supply chain(SC) management research. The competitive business environment requires companies to continuously search for the ways to achieve high efficiency and lower operational costs. In the areas of production/distribution planning, many researchers and practitioners have developedand evaluated the deterministic models to coordinate important and interrelated logistic decisions such as capacity management, inventory allocation, and vehicle routing. They initially have investigated the various process of SC separately and later become more interested in such problems encompassing the whole SC system. The accurate quotation of ATP(Available-To-Promise) plays a very important role in enhancing customer satisfaction and fill rate maximization. The complexity for intelligent manufacturing system, which includes all the linkages among procurement, production, and distribution, makes the accurate quotation of ATP be a quite difficult job. In addition to, many researchers assumed ATP model with integer time. However, in industry practices, integer times are very rare and the model developed using integer times is therefore approximating the real system. Various alternative models for an ATP system with time lags have been developed and evaluated. In most cases, these models have assumed that the time lags are integer multiples of a unit time grid. However, integer time lags are very rare in practices, and therefore models developed using integer time lags only approximate real systems. The differences occurring by this approximation frequently result in significant accuracy degradations. To introduce the ATP model with time lags, we first introduce the dynamic production function. Hackman and Leachman's dynamic production function in initiated research directly related to the topic of this paper. They propose a modeling framework for a system with non-integer time lags and show how to apply the framework to a variety of systems including continues time series, manufacturing resource planning and critical path method. Their formulation requires no additional variables or constraints and is capable of representing real world systems more accurately. Previously, to cope with non-integer time lags, they usually model a concerned system either by rounding lags to the nearest integers or by subdividing the time grid to make the lags become integer multiples of the grid. But each approach has a critical weakness: the first approach underestimates, potentially leading to infeasibilities or overestimates lead times, potentially resulting in excessive work-inprocesses. The second approach drastically inflates the problem size. We consider an optimized ATP system with non-integer time lag in supply chain management. We focus on a worldwide headquarter, distribution centers, and manufacturing facilities are globally networked. We develop a mixed integer programming(MIP) model for ATP process, which has the definition of required data flow. The illustrative ATP module shows the proposed system is largely affected inSCM. The system we are concerned is composed of a multiple production facility with multiple products, multiple distribution centers and multiple customers. For the system, we consider an ATP scheduling and capacity allocationproblem. In this study, we proposed the model for the ATP system in SCM using the dynamic production function considering the non-integer time lags. The model is developed under the framework suitable for the non-integer lags and, therefore, is more accurate than the models we usually encounter. We developed intelligent ATP System for this model using genetic algorithm. We focus on a capacitated production planning and capacity allocation problem, develop a mixed integer programming model, and propose an efficient heuristic procedure using an evolutionary system to solve it efficiently. This method makes it possible for the population to reach the approximate solution easily. Moreover, we designed and utilized a representation scheme that allows the proposed models to represent real variables. The proposed regeneration procedures, which evaluate each infeasible chromosome, makes the solutions converge to the optimum quickly.