• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1992

CdS박막을 5*$10^{-7}$Torr의 초기 진공하에서 CdS source 온도를 800~1100.deg.C로 하고 기판 온도를 100~200.deg.C로 하여 corning 7059 glass 기판위에 0.6~1.2.mu.m의 두께로 진공증착 방법으로 제조하였다. CdS soruce 온도와 기판온도가 증착된 CdS 박막의 미세구조와 결정구조 및 전기적, 광학적 성질에 미치는 영향을 알아 보았다. 기판을 가열하지 않은 경우는 source 온도가 증가할수록 전기비저항과 광투과도가 낮게 나타났다. Source 온도를 1100.deg.C로 고정하였을 경우 기판의 온도에 따라 전기비저항값과 광투과도값은 증가하였으며 optical band gap도 증가하였다. Soruce 온도가 1100.deg.C이고 기판온도가 190.deg.C일때 전기비저항값은 2*$10^{6}$ohm-cm였고 광투과도는 band gap 이상의 파장에서 80% 이상의 값을 가졌다. 증착된 CdS박막의 결정구조는 모두 hexagonal structure를 가지며 source 온도가 낮을수록 기판온도가 높을수록 C축으로 방향성있게 성장하였다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.338-342
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• 2020

Tin oxide (SnO₂) nanocrystals are synthesized by a thermal evaporation method using a mixture of SnO₂ and Mg powders. The synthesis process is performed in air at atmospheric pressure, which makes the process very simple. Nanocrystals with a belt shape start to form at 900 ℃ lower than the melting point of SnO₂. As the synthesis temperature increases to 1,100 ℃, the quantity of nanocrystals increases. The size of the nanocrystals did not change with increasing temperature. When SnO₂ powder without Mg powder is used as the source material, no nanocrystals are synthesized even at 1,100 ℃, indicating that Mg plays an important role in the formation of the SnO₂ nanocrystals at temperatures as low as 900 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the SnO₂ nanocrystals have a rutile crystal structure. The belt-shaped SnO₂ nanocrystals have a width of 300~800 nm, a thickness of 50 nm, and a length of several tens of micrometers. A strong blue emission peak centered at 410 nm is observed in the cathodoluminescence spectra of the belt-shaped SnO₂ nanocrystals.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.279-284
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• 2023

One-dimensional MgO nanostructures with various morphologies were synthesized by a thermal evaporation method. The synthesis process was carried out in air at atmospheric pressure, which made the process very simple. A mixed powder of magnesium and active carbon was used as the source powder. The morphologies of the MgO nanostructures were changed by varying the growth temperature. When the growth temperature was 700 ℃, untapered nanowires with smooth surfaces were grown. As the temperature increased to 850 ℃, 1,000 ℃ and 1,100 ℃, tapered nanobelts, tapered nanowires and then knotted nanowires were sequentially observed. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the MgO nanostructures had a cubic crystallographic structure. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the nanostructures were composed of Mg and O elements, indicating high purity MgO nanostructures. Fourier transform infrared spectra peaks showed the characteristic absorption of MgO. No catalyst particles were observed at the tips of the one-dimensional nanostructures, which suggested that the one-dimensional nanostructures were grown in a vapor-solid growth mechanism.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

The heat transfer enhancement of heat sink with mist flow is studied numerically by solving the conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy in the continuous and dispersed phases. A Lagrangian method is used for tracing dispersed water droplets in the heat sink and an Eulerian species transport model for air and steam mixture. The continuous and dispersed phases are interacted with the drag and evaporation source terms. The computed results show that addition of evaporating mist droplets enhances the cooling performance of heat sink significantly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.688-691
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• 1999

Light was of electric lamp was reflected by bulb reflector. In order to improve the efficiency of the electric lamp. it is inevitable that lamp, it is inevitable that improve the reflectance of bulb reflector. Important factors that affect the reflectance of bulb reflector is working pressure, distance between evaporation source to substrate, the situation of surface of glass. etch rate of glass, etc. In this paper. confirmed the effect of etching, working pressure etc. , and its effect for the reflectance of bulb reflector. Especially, concentration of HF in the etching solution and etching time is to be importnace for characteristic of bulb reflector.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.411-413
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• 2003

When manufacturing large sized OLED devices, the evaporation source is the most important technology. The nozzle source maintains the uniformity of the large-size deposited organic thin film at the 2-3% level and its usage is only 0.8 gram/hour. The in-line manufacturing deposition system combining with an encapsulation system is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.200-203
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• 2008

Water mist fire suppression system utilizes the fire suppression features such as cooling of fire source, dilution of ambient oxygen, and shielding of radiation heat with the evaporation of microscopic water droplets. The momentum of water mist is relatively low and the infiltration of water mist to the fire source is not effective. In addition to lower penetration force, the evaporated water vapor is liable to decline to limited portion of fire source due to its light weight and sparse density. On the other hand, the cycling water mist system is expected to improve the penetration force of water mist as well as the dilution coverage capability with the stratified spray characteristics. At this paper we present the analyzed fire suppression capability of intermittent water spray pattern by use of FDS which is computational fire dynamics fire model. We expect this analysis shall be supportive to the development of the prototype of water mist nozzle.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1689-1696
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• 2008

Heat pumps transfer heat by circulating a substance called a refrigerant through a cycle of evaporation and condensation. But Heat pumps system by only using heat-source is not efficient. Because the mean temperature of North Korean winter season is low, economy of air heat-source heat pump descend. This paper is practiced the simulation on evaluation criteria for Heat pump heating and cooling systems to Rolling Stock. Efficiency of the heat pump in order improving from certainly the development of the technique will be able to prevent a freezing actual condition must proceed. As a result, Below $-10^{\circ}C$ used heating and cooling systems of heat pump format even in cold winter season and is serviceable confirmed with heat source supply circle of the Rolling Stock.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2013

ZnO with different morphologies can be used various application depending on their shapes. Different morphologies of ZnO structures were synthesized by a catalysis-free thermal evaporation process. Their morphologies were dependent on the distance from the source to substrate on the same processing condition; in the result were products morphologies of the hollow, cage and star. Their shapes and crystalinity were evaluated by SEM and XRD, respectively. This work demonstrates what kind of growth factors would be involved in the final structure morphologies.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2012

Aluminum nitride(AlN) is a compound (III-V group) of hexagonal system with a crystal structure. Its Wurzite phase is a very wide band gap semiconductor material. It has not only a high thermal conductivity, a high electrical resistance, a high electrical insulating constant, a high breakdown voltage and an excellent mechanical strength but also stable thermal and chemical characteristics. This study is on the preferred orientation characteristics of AlN thin films by reactive evaporation using $NH_3$. We have manufactured an AlN thin film and then have checked the crystal structure and the preferred orientation by using an X-ray diffractometer and have also observed the microstructure with TEM and AlN chemical structure with FT-IR. We can manufacture an excellent AlN thin film by reactive evaporation using $NH_3$ under 873 K of substrate temperature. The AlN thin film growth is dependent on Al supplying and $NH_3$ has been found to be effective as a source of $N_2$. However, the nuclear structure of AlN did not occur randomly around the substrate a particle of the a-axis orientation in fast growth speed becomes an earlier crystal structure and is shown to have an a-axis preferred orientation. Therefore, reactive evaporation using $NH_3$ is not affected by provided $H_2$ amount and this can be an easy a-axis orientation method.