• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ethanol stress

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Fermented Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae Ameliorates Chronic Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice via AMPK and TLR-4/TGF-β1 Pathways

  • Hyo Lim Lee;Jong Min Kim;Min Ji Go;Seung Gyum Joo;Tae Yoon Kim;Han Su Lee;Ju Hui Kim;Jin-Sung Son;Ho Jin Heo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.606-621
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    • 2024
  • This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of fermented Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (FPB) in ethanol-induced liver injury mice. As a result of amino acids in FPB, 18 types of amino acids including essential amino acids were identified. In the results of in vitro tests, FPB increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities. In addition, FPB treatment increased cell viability on ethanol- and H2O2-induced HepG2 cells. FPB ameliorated serum biomarkers related to hepatoxicity including glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamine pyruvic transaminase, total bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase and lipid metabolism including triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Also, FPB controlled ethanol metabolism enzymes by regulating the protein expression levels of ADH, ALDH, and cytochrome P450 2E1 in liver tissue. FPB protected hepatic oxidative stress by improving malondialdehyde content, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels. In addition, FPB reversed mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels. FPB protected ethanol-induced apoptosis, fatty liver, and hepatic inflammation through p-AMP-activated protein kinase and TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, FPB prevented hepatic fibrosis by decreasing TGF-β1/Smad pathway. In summary, these results suggest that FPB might be a potential prophylactic agent for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease via preventing liver injury such as fatty liver, hepatic inflammation due to chronic ethanol-induced oxidative stress.

Chronic Alcohol Consumption Results in Greater Damage to the Pancreas Than to the Liver in the Rats

  • Lee, Seong-Su;Hong, Oak-Kee;Ju, Anes;Kim, Myung-Jun;Kim, Bong-Jo;Kim, Sung-Rae;Kim, Won-Ho;Cho, Nam-Han;Kang, Moo-Il;Kang, Sung-Koo;Kim, Dai-Jin;Yoo, Soon-Jib
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.309-318
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    • 2015
  • Alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, its effects on prediabetes or early diabetes have not been studied. We investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pancreas and liver resulting from chronic alcohol consumption in the prediabetes and early stages of diabetes. We separated Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a type-2 diabetic animal model, into two groups based on diabetic stage: prediabetes and early diabetes were defined as occurrence between the ages of 11 to 16 weeks and 17 to 22 weeks, respectively. The experimental group received an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was conducted after 16 and 22 weeks for the prediabetic and early diabetes groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in body weight between the control and ethanol groups. Fasting and 120-min glucose levels were lower and higher, respectively, in the ethanol group than in the control group. In prediabetes rats, alcohol induced significant expression of ER stress markers in the pancreas; however, alcohol did not affect the liver. In early diabetes rats, alcohol significantly increased most ER stress-marker levels in both the pancreas and liver. These results indicate that chronic alcohol consumption increased the risk of diabetes in prediabetic and early diabetic OLETF rats; the pancreas was more susceptible to damage than was the liver in the early diabetic stages, and the adaptive and proapoptotic pathway of ER stress may play key roles in the development and progression of diabetes affected by chronic alcohol ingestion.

Antioxidative Stress and Antimutagenic Effects of Lentinus edodes Ethanol Extracts (표고버섯 에탄올 추출물의 산화적 스트레스 억제 효과와 항돌연변이 효과)

  • Oh, Se-In;Lee, Mee-Sook
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.341-348
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    • 2007
  • The antioxidative effect and antimutagenic capacity in ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes were studied for suggestion of prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and development of antioxidative and antimutagenic functional food by employing biological and biochemical assay. The $IC_{50}$ of MDA with BSA conjugation reaction, lipid peroxidation and scavenging effect on DPPH radical in ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes showed 74.58 mg/assay, 5.747 mg/assay and 0.939 mg/assay respectively. So, the most effective antioxidative capacity in ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes was the scavenging effect on DPPH radical, among the method used this study. The indirect and direct antimutagenic effects of ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes were examined by Ames test using Salmonella typimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibition rates on indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-anthramine showed 91.67% in the Salmonella typimurium TA98 and 96.60% in the Salmonella typimurium TA100. The inhibitory effect on direct mutagenicity mediated by sodium azide in Salmonella typimurium TA100 was 22.83%. and mediated by 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella typimurium TA98 was 5.34%. This data indicates that ethanol extracts of Lentinus edodes have more effective effects on indirect mutagenicity than direct mutagenicity. From this result, it believed to have a possible antioxidative and antimutagenic capacities, and taken for the candidate of prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and development of antioxidative and antimutagenic functional food.

Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Codonopsis lanceolata against oxidative stress and disruption of tight cell junction in NCI-H441 cells after exposure to urban particulate matter (더덕 에탄올 추출물의 도시미세먼지 노출로 인한 폐 세포 산화스트레스 발생과 세포밀착연접 손상 억제 효과)

  • So, Hee-Jung;Chun, Su-Hyun;Lee, Jin-Won;Lee, Kwang-Won
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.53 no.2
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    • pp.165-173
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    • 2021
  • One of the major sources of air pollution is urban particulate matter (UPM), which causes lung diseases involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer. Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) has been used in East Asia as a traditional oriental medicinal ingredient for lung diseases (e.g., asthma and bronchitis). However, the connection between the impact of CL and UPM in the lungs has rarely been investigated. This study aimed to confirm the inhibitory activity of the ethanol extract of CL (ECL) against oxidative stress and disruption of tight cell junctions in human pulmonary epithelial cells after exposure to UPM. As the lung cells were pre-treated with ECL, the UPM-induced increase in cellular reactive oxygen species production suppressed tight junction proteins (e.g., N-cadherin, fibronectin, occludin, zonula occludens-1, and claudin-4). These results suggest that ECL prevents the possible effects of UPM toxicity on the lungs.

Immuno-stimulating, Anti-stress and Anti-thrombotic Effects of Unossified Velvet Antlers

  • Shin, Kuk-Hyun;YunChoi, Hye-Sook;Lim, Soon-Sung;Won, Do-Hee;Kim, Jae-Kun
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.54-59
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    • 1999
  • Both ethanol and water extracts of unossified velvet antler were found to exhibit a significant immuno-stimulating activity as measured by carbon clearance test in mice, a remarkable anti-fatigue effect in weight-loaded forced swimming performance in mice, a significant anti-stress effect on immobilization in rats. The antler extracts also showed a weak but significant anti-thrombotic activity. These findings are indicative of adaptogenic properties of antlers and their normalizing effects during stressful condition.

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Neuroprotective Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Portulaca oleracea L. (마치현 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 뇌세포 보호효과)

  • Im, Nam Kyung;Jeong, Gil Saeng
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.379-383
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    • 2013
  • Portulaca oleracea L. is known to have many biological benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-tumor. The objective of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of P. oleracea L. against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. P. oleracea L. 70% ethanol extract and solvent fractions have the potent neroprotective effects on glutamate-induced nerotoxicity by induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in HT22 cells. Especially, ethyl acetate fraction showed higher protective effect. In HT22 cell, P. oleracea L. treatment with ERK inhibitor (PD98059) and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125) reduced P. oleracea L. ethyl acetate fraction induced HO-1 expression and P. oleracea L. ethyl acetate fraction also increased ERK and JNK phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that treatment of P. oleracea L. caused the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate fraction of 70% ethanol extract of P. oleracea L. significantly protect glutamate-induced oxidative damage by induction of HO-1 via Nrf2, ERK and JNK pathway in mouse hippocampal HT22. Taken together these finding suggest that P. oleracea L. ethyl acetate fraction is good source for taking active compounds and may be a potential therapeutic agent for brain disorder that induced by oxidative stress and neuronal damage.

Genomic Analysis of Actinomyces sp. Strain CtC72, a Novel Fibrolytic Anaerobic Bacterium Isolated from Cattle Rumen

  • Joshi, Akshay;Vasudevan, Gowdaman;Engineer, Anupama;Pore, Soham;Hivarkar, Sai Suresh;Lanjekar, Vikram Bholanath;Dhakephalkar, Prashant Kamalakar;Dagar, Sumit Singh
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.59-67
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    • 2018
  • A xylanolytic and cellulolytic anaerobic bacterium strain CtC72 was isolated from cattle rumen liquor. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CtC72 shared only 97.78% homology with its nearest phylogenetic affiliate Actinomyces ruminicola, showing its novelty. The strain could grow on medium containing xylan, carboxymethyl cellulose and avicel producing $CO_2$, acetate, and ethanol as major fermentation products. The whole genome analysis of the strain CtC72 exhibited a broad range of carbohydrate-active enzymes required for the breakdown and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Genes related to the production of ethanol and stress tolerance were also detected. Further there were several unique genes in CtC72 for chitin degradation, pectin utilization, sugar utilization, and stress response in comparison with Actinomyces ruminicola. The results show that the strain CtC72, a putative novel bacterium can be used for lignocellulosic biomass based biotechnological applications.

Antioxidative and antiproliferative activities of ethanol extracts from pigmented giant embryo rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Keunnunjami) before and after germination

  • Chung, Soo Im;Lee, Sang Chul;Yi, Seong Joon;Kang, Mi Young
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.365-370
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    • 2018
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is a major cause of cancer. This study investigated the effects of the ethanol extracts from germinated and non-germinated Keunnunjami rice, a blackish-purple pigmented cultivar with giant embryo, on selected human cancer cell lines and on the antioxidant defense system of mice fed with a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: High fat-fed mice were orally administered with either distilled water (HF) or extracts (0.25%, w/w) from brown (B), germinated brown (GB), Keunnunjami (K), and germinated Keunnunjami (GK) rice. RESULTS: In comparison with the brown rice extract, Keunnunjami extract showed higher anticancer effect against cervical and gastric cell lines but lower anticancer activity on liver and colon cancer cells. Mice from the HF group showed significantly higher lipid peroxidation and lower antioxidant enzyme activities than the control group. However, the oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet markedly decreased in B, GB, K, and GK groups as compared with the HF group. CONCLUSIONS: Germination may be an effective method for improving the anticancer and antioxidative properties of Keunnunjami rice and extracts from germinated Keunnunjami rice may serve as a therapeutic agent against cervical and gastric cancers and oxidative damage.

Effects of Ethylacetate Fraction of Persimmon Leaves on Experimentally-induced Gastric Mucosal Damage and Gastric Ulcers in Rats

  • Choo, Myung-Hee;Park, Hyun-Suk;Shin, Kil-Man;Jung, Soon-Teck;Kim, Kyong-Su;Lee, Myung-Yul
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.37-41
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    • 2000
  • The protective effects of the ethylacetate fraction of persimmon leaves(PEF) against experimentally induced gastric mucosal damage and gastric ulcers were evaluated in ratss. In prophylatic study, 100 mg/kg ethylacetate fraction of persimmon leaves (PEFH) exhibited a total protection of 73.8% and 65.7% against HCl-ethanol and 0.2N NaOH-induced gastric mucosal membrane lesions, respectively, which was superior to cimetidine 50 mg/kg, a commonly used anti-ulcer drug. PEFH showed excellent anti-ulcer effects against pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcers, compared to the control group, however, 50 mg/kg ethylacetate fraction of persimmon leaves (PEFL) and PEFH did not affect ulcers induced by water immersion stress, and that is inferior to cimetidine 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, the results suggest that the ethylacetate fraction of persimmon leaves can be used both in prevention and treatment of experimentally induced gastric mucosal damage and ulcers.

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A protective effect of the methanol extract of Shelliguea feei METT. roots on gastric ulcers in mice and rats

  • Subarnas, Anas;Herdiana, Yana;Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo;Dianti, Ajeng
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.243-247
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    • 2004
  • A protective effect of the methanol extract of Shelliguea feei METT. roots on gastric lesions induced by stress in mice and HCl/ethanol in rats has been investigated. Animals were randomly divided into control and test groups and given the methanol extract orally at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg of body weight. This investigation indicated that the methanol extract at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg significantly reduced stress-induced gastric lesions in mice at the percent protection of 38% and 62%, respectively, and decreased the number of HCI/ethanol-induced ulcers in rats significantly at the percent inhibition of 21.50% and 90.65%, respectively, and severity of ulcers at the score of 3.6 and 1.0 significantly different from the control. These results suggest that the methanol extract of S. feei may have a beneficial protective effect on the gastric ulcers.