• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2006

A simple HPLC quantification method was developed for genistein, genistin, daidzein, and daidzin in soybeans and soybean products. The procedure used a $4.6{\times}100\;mm$ $Chromolith^{(R)}$ RP-18e column with a mobile phase of 1% HOAc in 20% MeOH to 1% HOAc in 80% MeOH for 10 min. The injection volume was $2\;{\mu}L$ at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. Detection was carried out under UV at 254 nm. Under these conditions, the major isoflavones daidzein, daidzin, genistein, and genistin in soybean and soybean pastes were eluted within 7 min with baseline separation. Optimal extraction of the above four major isoflavones was achieved when 40 g of soybean or soybean paste was refluxed in 100 mL of 95% ethanol for 2 hr. Ten different soybean cultivars and nine commercial soybean pastes were analyzed by this method. The total isoflavone content was highest in the cultivar Somyung ($2,497\;{\mu}g/g$ dry weight). The isoflavone content in soybean pastes varied widely from manufacturer to manufacturer (an almost five-fold difference between the highest and lowest values). Such variations were presumably due to differences in fermentation conditions, type of soybeans used, and levels of such additives as starch and salt.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.233-242
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to optimize submerged culture conditions of a new fungal isolate, Ganorderma resinaceum, and to enhance the production of bioactive mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides (EPS) by fed-batch culture. The maximum mycelial growth and EPS production in batch culture were achieved in a medium containing 10 g/l glucose, 8 g/l soy peptone, and 5 mM $MnCl_2$ at an initial pH 6.0 and temperature $31^{\circ}C$. After optimization of culture medium and environmental conditions in batch cultures, a fed-batch culture strategy was employed to enhance production of mycelial biomass and EPS. Five different EPS with molecular weights ranging from 53,000 to 5,257,000 g/mole were obtained from either top or bottom fractions of ethanol precipitate of culture filtrate. A fed-batch culture of G. resinaceum led to enhanced production of both mycelial biomass and EPS. The maximum concentrations of mycelial biomass (42.2 g/l) and EPS (4.6 g/l) were obtained when 50 g/l of glucose was fed at day 6 into an initial 10 g/l of glucose medium. It may be worth attempting with other mushroom fermentation processes for enhanced production of mushroom polysaccharides, particularly those with industrial potential.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.942-952
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• 2013

Monoliths are functional porous materials with a three-dimensional continuous interconnected pore structure in a single piece. A monolith with uniform shape based on poly(${\gamma}$-glutamic acid) (PGA) has been prepared via a thermally induced phase separation technique using a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, water, and ethanol as solvent. The morphology of the obtained monolith was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the surface area of the monolith was evaluated by the Brunauer Emmett Teller method. The effects of fabrication parameters such as the concentration and molecular mass of PGA and the solvent composition have been systematically investigated. The PGA monolith was cross-linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate to produce the water-insoluble monolith. The addition of sodium chloride to the phase separation solvent affected the properties of the cross-linked monolith. The swelling ratio of the cross-linked monolith toward aqueous solutions depended on the buffer pH as well as the monolith fabrication condition. Copper(II) ion was efficiently adsorbed on the cross-linked PGA monolith, and the obtained copper-immobilized monolith showed strong antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli. By combination of the characteristic properties of PGA (e.g., high biocompatibility and biodegradability) and the unique features of monoliths (e.g., through-pore structure, large surface area, and high porosity with small pore size), the PGA monolith possesses large potentials for various industrial applications in the biomedical, environmental, analytical, and separation fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

This study was carried out to observe the antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of susijang (Korean traditional fermented soy food). The antioxidant activity of susijang was measured by using TEAC (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) assay. In addition contents of isoflavones, phenolic acids and amino acids were determined. TEAC values of chungkukjang and susijang were significantly higher than those of yellow soybean (p<0.05). The contents of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein) were found to be significantly higher in chungkukjang and susijang than yellow soybean. The susijang showed high content of free amino acids and phenolic acids. ACE inhibitory activity of susijang was significantly higher than those of chungkukjang and yellow soybean, particularly of 70% ethanol extract.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.78-89
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• 1994

To evaluate of quality of Yakju brewed with different types of fermenters(Nuruk) and brewed by a method described in Sallymkyungjae, blucoamylase and protease and protease activities of Nuruk were measured, and proximate composition , coloring degree, acetaldehyde , alcohol , , fusel oils , amino acid content , mineral content and sugar composition of Yakju samples were also determined. It was foung that the lower the pH, the lower the glucoamylase acitvity in Nuruk samples A to E . In A, B, D and H, protease activity washigher at ph 5.5 than at pH 5.0 . Yakju sampels 1 to 5 during fermentation , total acidity and amino acid content were high at the first step and were getting lower gradually at the second step. In Yakju samples 6 to 11 , ethanol content was high in 6b, 7b, 8a, 8b and 11b. At the second step, residual sugar content was getting higher gradually in 7 a, 11 a and 11b. The coloring degree of Yakju wasinfluenced by not only color of Nuruk but also Fe content in Yakju . Of the Yakju examined , only 9a and 9b contained acetaldehyde in trace amounts. Thanol content was the highest in 8a and 8b. Fusel oil content was high in 8a and 8b. In samples 6 to 9 , aspartic acid content was higher in treatment a than treatment a than treatment b, but tyrosine , histidine and proline contents were higher in treatment a than treatment b. The levels of frucose, melibiose, sorbitol, and arabinose in Yakju brewed from unsteamed rice were higher than in Yakju brewed from steamed rice. K content was the lowest in 9a and 9b. Na content was higher in treatment a than in treatment a than in treatment b. In only 6a, Ca/P ratio was more than one.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.580-586
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• 2013

In this paper, polymer composite membranes and ceramic composite membranes were prepared in order to compare differences in pervaporation performances relative to the support layers. PVDF was used for the polymer support layers, and $a-Al_2O_3$ was used for the ceramic support layers. For active layer was coated for PDMS, which is a rubbery polymer. The characterization of membranes were analysed by SEM, contact angle, and XPS. We studied performances relative to the composite membrane support layers in the ABE mixture solutions. The results of the pervaporation, the flux of the ceramic composite membrane was shown to be $250.87g/m^2h$, which was higher than that of polymer composite membranes, at $195.64g/m^2h$. However, it was determined that the separation factor of the polymer composite membranes was 31.98 which were higher than that of the ceramic composite membranes, at 20.66.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.468-471
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• 2015

Microalgae have the advantages of being able to utilize the solar energy and culturing at a low cost. In particular, microalgae have a great potential in the production of biodiesel due to the high lipid content. Lipids produced from microalgae are converted to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) by trans-esterification reaction and FAME is called a biodiesel in general. In addition, microalgae can also be utilized as a substrate for ethanol fermentation after saccharification reaction. In this study, three types of microalgae (Nanochloris, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis) were cultured and their lipid contents were compared. In addition, the effects of lighting period on the growth rate and lipid content were studied. Finally, the amounts of glucose produced from each saccharified microalgae were investigated. As a result, we demonstrated that D. tertiolecta has 43.6% higher lipid content and 22% higher glucose conversion than two others.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 2017

EP was obtained through 20% ethanol extraction of Pueraria lobata root, and the fermented form of EP, FEP, was prepared from the EP after incubating with Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1. There was no significant toxicity by EP and FEP up to $1000{\mu}g/ml$ in NIH-3T3, HaCaT, and B16F10 cells. In addition to antioxidant potentials of EP and FEP determined by DPPH and ABST assays, we confirmed increase of procollagen type I and elastin synthesis by supplementation of the EP and FEP at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ using ELISA kits. The protein expression levels of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, -3, and -9, those are involved in the degradation of collagen or other skin matrix proteins, were remarkably suppressed while their inhibitory protein metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) was greatly up-regulated by supplementation of the EP and FEP at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. Taken together, both EP and FEP supplementation could be involved in the suppression of the skin wrinkle formation through inhibiting degradation of collagen and stimulating the synthesis of collagen and elastin. The results showed that the anti-wrinkle potential of the EP and FEP will be a promising candidate for developing cosmeceutical compounds or products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.733-737
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• 2003

To develop a high-valuable Korean traditional rice wine having antihypertension, effects of some cereal kojis and legumes on alcohol fermentation and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Korean traditional rice wine were investigated. Korean traditional rice wine brewed by addition of 10% Indian-millet koji into the mash showed the greatest ACE inhibitory activity of 43.0% and good ethanol productivity. The ACE inhibitory activity increased up to 69.2% by addition of 50% of mungbean powder and 1% of dandelion petal into the mash.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1990

The investigations of specific growth rate, specific alcohol production rate, cell yield, alcohol yield of K. marxianus LG were performed according to the sugar concentrations, 50, 80, 110, 190, and 250g/l of extracted solution of Jerusalem Artichoke. The functipnal relationship between specific growth rate, specific alcohol production rate, and alcohol concentrations were devoted study to. In case of low concentration of alcohol, the fuctions were linear relationships. But in the region of high concentration of alcohol, they expressed the exponential relationships. The growth rate of K. marxianus was prohibited at higher than 50g/l of alcohol concentrations regardless of concentration of residual sugar. Cell and alcohol yield showed the maximum values around 25g/l of alcohol concentraton without being related to initial sugar concentrations.