• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.63 no.4
• /
• pp.319-325
• /
• 2020

The liquids of Lycopersicon esculentum were extracted with 70% aqueous MeOH and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O fractions. The repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for the EtOAc fraction, whose activity was confirmed, led to isolation of one flavonol compound. The chemical structures of the compound were determined as quercetin (1) based on spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resornance, infrarad spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. Through this study, the antioxidant efficacy was confirmed by demonstrating that the L. esculentum fraction showing an increase in glutathione mean (GM) and a decrease in glutathione heterogeneity (GH) uniformly raises the intracellular glutathione (GSH) level.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2022

This study investigated whether or not the major bioactive compounds of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) are involved in anti-inflammatory activity through the JAK/STAT upper signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. The experimental results show that the M. citrifolia ethyl acetate fraction (Mc-EtOAc) obtained by sequential fractionation with organic solvents from the plant's dried fruits exhibits the highest antioxidant activity. In addition, the cytoprotective effects of Mc-EtOAc against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in the RAW 264.7 cells suppressed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The group pretreated with Mc-EtOAc at a concentration of 240 ㎍/ml showed higher cell viability of 84.5%, compared to 71.6% in the LPS-treated group, and LPS-induced NO production decreased to half the amount in the positive control group. Mc-EtOAc treatment also led to a significant dose-dependent reduction in iNOS expression. Although COX-2 expression was increased by 300% following LPS induction, it was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment with Mc-EtOAc at concentrations of 120 and 240 ㎍/ml. An inhibition of the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α was observed. The investigation also revealed that the phosphorylation levels of pJAK1 and pSTAT3 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were significantly reduced by Mc-EtOAc treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.1330-1338
• /
• 2012

Solvent extracts of Theobroma cacao L. (TCL) were investigated for anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in order to consider TCL as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. TCL(A) extract was fractioned according to polarity with $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water. Following TCL(A) fractionation, the electron-donating ability of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 100 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 76.2% and 53.9%, respectively. The superoxide anion radical inhibitory effect of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 50 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 76.09% and 51.4%, respectively. Results of lipid oxidation showed that $Fe^{2+}$ had a greater chelating effect than $Cu^{2+}$. The $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effect of the EtOAc solvent fraction (50 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 64%. Hyaluronidase inhibition related to the anti-inflammatory effect was 53.0% with EtOAc at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, while the lipoxygenase inhibitory effect was about 51.32% at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. The anti-inflammatory activity in the EtOAc fraction inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. Results also showed that iNOS protein expression increased in RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ EtOAc, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.65 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2021

In this study, the extract of Cinnamomum yabunikkei leaves were investigated for the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities and their active constituents were identified. In the anti-inflammatory tests using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) without causing cell toxicity. In addition, the EtOAc fraction reduced expression of iNOS protein and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). Upon the anti-oxidative studies by DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, potent radical scavenging activities were observed in the EtOAc fraction. Five phytochemicals were isolated from the extract of C. yabunikkei leaves; (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylcyclohex-2-enone (1), methoxy-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanediol (2), afzelin (3), nicotiflorine (4) and narcissin (5). As far as we know, compounds 1-5 were isolated for the first time from this plant. In the anti-inflammatory tests for the isolates, compound 1, 3, 4 and 5 were determined to decrease NO production without causing cell toxicity. Furthermore, compound 1 reduced expression of iNOS protein and exhibited potent inhibitory activities of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). Based on these results, it was suggested that the extract and isolated compounds from C. yabunikkei leaves could be potentially applicable as natural source for pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.739-744
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative activity and to identify the active components of hot-water extract of Paeoniajaponica (PJ), which was a main ingredient of a herb mixture preparation recently established as a potent candidate of radioprotector in our laboratory. The water extract was fractionated with CHCl$_3$, EtOAc and n-BuOH. The extract and its fractions showed very low activity in hydroxyl radical scavenging test. In lipid peroxidation test, the extract, EtOAc and water fractions showed moderate inhibition with the ratio above 50%. In DPPH radical scavenging test, the extract, EtOAc and water fraction showed high activity with the ratio above 80%, especially. EtOAc fraction scavenged the radicals as much as synthetic antioxidant (BHA), even at low concentration. It is suggested that mai or partition for antioxidative activity of Paeonia japonica was EtOAc fraction. Subsequently, two active compounds (PJE021-1 and JE024-1) from EtOAc fraction were isolated by using MCI gel and silica gel column chromatography The two compounds inhibited remarkedly the $H_2O$$_2$-induced DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, measured by single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). PJE021-1 protected the cells to almost negative control level, dose-dependently. PJE024-1 exhibited a potent inhibition with the ratio of 71% at even low concentration (0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). Finally, their chemical structures were identified as gallic acid (PJE021-1) and (＋)-catechin (PJE024-1), respectively, on the basis of the speculation of spectral and physical data.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2017

Radical scavenging effect and protective activity against oxidative stress of Acer okamotoanum were investigated. A. okamotoanum was extracted with methanol (MeOH) and then fractionated with n-BuOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methylene chloride and n-hexane fractions. The MeOH extract and fractions showed strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity. Among the MeOH extract and fractions, the EtOAc fraction showed the strongest radical scavenging activity. In addition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of EtOAc fraction was higher than other extract and fractions. Furthermore, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of the MeOH extract and fractions from A. okamotoanum against oxidative stress under cellular system using C6 glial cell. The C6 glial cells showed a decrease in cell viability and high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the treatment of amyloid $beta_{25-35}$ ($A{\beta}_{25-35}$). However, with the treatment of the MeOH extract and fractions, it significantly increased the cell viability and inhibited the overproduction of ROS by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. In particular, the EtOAc fraction led to significantly increase the cell viability and decrease the generation of ROS against oxidative stress by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. The current study indicated that A. okamotoanum demonstrated antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. In particular, the EtOAc fraction which attributed a strong protective activity against oxidative stress.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the anti oxidative and antitumor activities of medicinal plants for the purpose of developing a functional food. The methanol extracts of Agrimonia pilosa was fractionated with five solvents and examined anti oxidative activities and enzyme inhibitory activities in addition to growth inhibitory activity of human cancer cell. The contents of total phenol compounds in EtOAc and BuOH fraction were 39.89% and 39.56%, respectively. Strong electron donating abilities(>90%) were shown in these fractions and its abilities were 92.90% ($500\;{\mu}g/ml$), 94.47% ($1000\;{\mu}g/ml$) in EtOAc fraction and 93.77% ($500\;{\mu}g/ml$), 92.90% ($1000\;{\mu}g/ml$) in BuOH fraction, respectively. These fractions exhibited more than 50% nitrite scavenging ability and potent inhibition activities to XOase activity (93.06%, 91.73%) at concentration of $1000\;{\mu}g/ml$. In antitumor activity test, hexane fraction showed the strongest growth inhibition activity against HT-29, SNU-1 and HeLa cells. Inhibition levels were 51.50, 90.09% in HT-29, 88.19, 95.11 % in SNU-1 and 42.66, 96.40% in HeLa at the concentration of 50, $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.707-711
• /
• 2006

Phase 2 enzymes are transcriptionally induced by a wide variety of chemical agents and natural products, and their induction plays a critical role in protection against chemical carcinogens and other toxic xenobiotics. The activity of the methanol extract and fractions of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) was examined in murine Hepa1c1c7 cells for the induction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) NAD(P)H/quinone reductase (QR). The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range of 10 to $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ with a maximum of a 3.3-fold increase in induction. The EtOAc fraction also showed high QR induction potency in Ah-receptor-defective mutant of Hepa 1c1c7 cells ($BP^rcl$ cells), which indicates that this fraction is a monofunctional inducer of QR. These results suggest that useful cancer chemopreventive materials could be isolated from EtOAc fraction of Paprika.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.1368-1373
• /
• 2007

Inhibitory effects of several solvent fractions from soybean on mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 in Ames test and growth of human cancer cells (AGS gastric adenocarcinoma, Hep 3B hepatocellular cancinoma and HT-29 colon cancer cells) were studied. The treatment of dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions (2.5 mg/assay) extracted from soybean to Ames test system inhibited aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$ induced mutagenicity by 83%, respectively, and showed a higher antimutagenic effect than other solvent fractions. In case of N-methyl-N#-nitro-N-nitrosoguamidine (MNNG) induced mutagenicity, the ethylacetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect (by 67%) among solvent extracts, although the inhibitory effect was not stronger compared with $AFB_1$ induced mutagenicity. In sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, the treatment of ethylacetate fraction (2 mg/assay) significantly inhibited the growth of AGS, Hep 3B and HT-29 cancer cells by 66%, 73% and 77%, respectively, followed with the intermediate and dichloromethane fractions. These results indicated that soybean fraction extracted with ethylacetate had higher inhibitory effects on $AFB_1$ and MNNG in Ames test and growth inhibition activity to human cancer cells was appeared, suggesting that soybean fraction extracted with ethylacetate may contain the biologically active compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.11
• /
• pp.1389-1394
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of Acer tegmentosum M. (ATM) extracts. Content of total polyphenol of EtOAc fraction was the highest amount among fractions. Electron donating abilities of all fractions were increased as concentrations of each fraction were increased. ATM BuOH fraction showed the highest SOD like activity at low concentration (<$250\;{\mu}g/mL$). To investigate the protective effect of ATM on hepatotoxicity, ATM BuOH fraction was administered to mice for 7 consecutive days, and then lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected at a dosage of 1 mg/kg. The LPS led to increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). However, pretreatment with BuOH fraction prior to LPS injection significantly decreased plasma hepatospecific enzyme levels. Histological findings demonstrated that pretreatment with BuOH fraction resulted in an attenuation of LPS induced liver damages.