• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.585-593
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• 2009

This study is a survey on the general perceptions of the residents and visitors regarding the Nature Restoration Period in Chilsun Valley in Jirisan National park, and it was designed to establish systematic park management plan for the Special Protected Areas in Korean National Parks. This survey was conducted on the residents of five towns including Chuseong-ri, Gwangjum-dong, Uijung-ri, Uitan-ri and Uipyeong-ri, as well as visitors to Chilsun Valley by using convenience sampling. The result showed that those individuals or groups who responded to the survey were all positive about preservatory effect of Nature Restoration Period in the valley; however they also showed major perceptional differences as to the ways in which the nature restoration period managed. They also disagreed among themselves on the assessment of the extent of damage that could be generated due to the restoration, the appropriateness of the Nature Restoration Period as a management policy and maintenance of the policy in the future. The appropriateness as a policy and the extent of damage due to the Nature Restoration Period particularly showed some serious perceptional differences among five resident groups based on the location of their towns. To minimize current conflict and achieve the goal of Nature Restoration Period, the park management authorities need to communicate more actively with the stakeholders of the local community and NGOs, and secure their support and cooperation by accommodating their ideas and opinions to build a strategic partnership.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.17-32
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• 2013

Reckless development policy, which has continued during the past several decades, caused landscape damage. In order to solve this problem, it is very urgent to conserve the habitat and to establish systematic database. Recently, various researches related to landscape damage have been conducted actively and the necessity of landscape ecological planning based on the biotop mapping has been issued as one of the solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select the study area, which is located in Guji-meon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu and will be formed into Daegu Science Park, and then to develop and apply the landscape ecological planning model based on biotop mapping in district unit. The results are as follows. Fist of all, according to the results of biotop classification with field survey and literature review, total 13 biotop and total 63 biotop types were classified. According to the first evaluation with B-VAT, total 19 biotop types were classified I grade including natural river with abundant plants(BA) and so on. While V grade, which has lowest value, was classified 16 biotop types including vegetable garden adjacent to river(BC). Also the second evaluation, we analyzed total 30 areas such as 1a, 1b grades, which had special meaning for the conservation of species and biotop. Next, 2a, 2b, 2c grades were analyzed total 82 areas. Secondly, in the compliance with Ecological landscape planning, we divided landscape planning model into two parts such as setting of improvement goal and detailed implement plan. For instance, setting of improvement goal, we classified 9 parts such as conservation region and parts of detailed implement plan, we classified total 28 planning indicators with 4 view such as the region which should be special protected from nature and landscape. Lastly, with the developed landscape model we applied to research areas, made maps, and differentiate proposals in each region. Specially, the final master plan was made to help understand the contents of detailed landscape planning. This study will be a useful data, which can solve the landscape damage problem systematically and control it landscape-friendly with biotop classification, evaluation, landscape ecological planning model, and application method which we developed.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2014

In future, hospitals are expected to automatically issue remote transcriptions. Many general hospitals are planning to encrypt their medical database to secure personal information as mandated by law. The electronic medical record system, picture archiving communication system, and the clinical data warehouse, amongst others, are the preferred targets for which stronger security is planned. In the near future, medical systems can be assumed to be automated and connected to remote locations, such as rural areas, and islands. Connecting patients who are in remote locations to medical complexes that are usually based in larger cities requires not only automatic processing, but also a certain amount of security in terms of medical data that is of a sensitive and critical nature. Unauthorized access to patients' transcription data could result in the data being modified, with possible lethal results. Hence, personal and sensitive data on telemedicine and medical information systems should be encrypted to protect patients from these risks. Login passwords, personal identification information, and biological information should similarly be protected in a systematic way. This paper proposes the use of electronic acupuncture with a built-in multi-pad, which has the advantage of being able to establish a patient's physical condition, while simultaneously treating the patient with acupuncture. This system implements a sensing pad, amplifier, a small signal drive circuit, and a digital signal processing system, while the use of a built-in fuzzy technique and a control algorithm have been proposed for performing analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.103-119
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• 2016

This study aims to assess habitat feature on the large-scale spawning ground of the Boreal Digging Frog Kaloula borealis in Daemyung retarding basin of Daegu, and to analyze the relationships between species abundance and meteorological factors for each habitat. Fifty-seven(57) pitfalls were installed to collect species abundance of 4 survey regions, and high-resolution satellite image, soil sampling equipment, digital topographic map, and GPS were used to develop habitat features such as terrain, soil, vegetation, human disturbance. The analysis shows that the frog is most abundant in sloped region with densely herbaceous cover in southern part of the retarding basin. In the breeding season, lowland regions, where Phragmites communis and P. japonica dominant wetlands and temporary ponds distributed, are heavily concentrated by the species for spawning and foraging. Located in between legally protected Dalsung wetands and lowland regions of the retarding basin, riverine natural levee is ecologically important area as core habitat for Kaloula borealis, and high number of individuals were detected both breeding and non-breeding seasons. Temperate- and pressure-related meteorological elements are selected as statistically significant variables in species abundance of non-breeding season in lowland and highland regions. However, in sloped regions, only a few variables are statistically significant during non-breeding season. Moreover, breeding activities in sloped regions are statistically significant with minimum temperature, grass minimum temperature, dew point temperature, and vapor pressure. Significant meteorological factors with habitat features are effectively applied to establish species conservation strategy of the retarding basin and to construct for avoiding massive road-kills on neighboring roads of the study sites, particularly post-breeding movements from spawning to burrowing areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.453-464
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• 2023

To this day, conflicts have intensified between managers who want to preserve biosphere reserves and citizen who want to develop them. Based on this problem, this study seeks to investigate the establishment of a forum for communication between various stakeholders and to promote the economic development of local communities while preserving biodiversity. First, in terms of conservation, the results indicated that Gyeonggi Province and Namyangju City highly valued direct conservation activities in biosphere reserves, whereas Pocheon and Uijeongbu City highly valued indirect conservation functions through management or monitoring. Second, in terms of development, it was found that there were differences in the roles, perceptions and responsibilities with respect to biosphere reserves among the different layers of government: the central government agency, the Cultural Heritage Administration, the metropolitan government, Gyeonggi-do, and the local governments, Pocheon, Namyangju, and Uijeongbu. Third, in terms of logistical support, which serves as a function for communication and practical participation among management entities, the results suggested that it was necessary to establish a comprehensive decision-making organization for efficient management and operation and to provide opportunities for active participation. The study can be utilized as a basic reference for developing efficient communication by management entities in protected areas with similar challenges.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

This study compared and reviewed the recognition determinants by applying the OECMs criteria, focusing on old big trees, plant of natural monument that are natural heritage under the national heritage system of the Cultural Heritage Administration, and the results are as follows. First, among the protected areas designated and managed by government agencies according to each protection purpose, it is necessary to actively introduce new conservation measures, OECMs, to fulfill the Biodiversity strategy for 2030 while the land area is already saturated. Second, the OECMs are geographically defined areas(CBD, 2018), not currently recognized as a protected areas, governed and managed in a way that achieves positived sustained and effective contribution to in situ conservation of biodiversity. Since the selection of term, the scope of application criteria, and the context of interpretation are inevitably different, it is necessary to separately legislate and establish related laws of the OECMs suitable for each country's situation. Third, as a result of reviewing the OECMs criteria for plant of natural monument, the final 58 potential resources were recognized. Important elements among the OECMs criteria are that buffer zones should be spaced apart from designated zones to secure a certain area, and that economic activities through commercial production should not occur and meet biodiversity standards. Among the potential candidates, 23 areas were analyzed to be geographically isolated and independent, such as Forest of Oriental Arborvitae in Do-dong, Daegu, and forest types such as Carstor Aralia of Gungchon-ri, Samcheok and Forest of Common Camellias in Maryang-ri, Seocheon. As a result of reviewing the application of OECMs criteria for plant of natural monument, it was confirmed that the functions as a traditional uses were specialized among the values of biodiversity, and ecosystem services and cultural and spiritual values were inherited through Korea's unique culture of old big trees and Dangsan ritual. In terms of biodiversity criteria, it can be used as an important factor in connecting human and natural ecosystem networks without the discovery of new species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.302-314
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• 2023

This study aims to explore the direction for Korea's effective response to Target 3 (30by30), which can be said to be the core of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (K-M GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to find the direction of systematic OECM (Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures) discovery at the national level through a survey of global conceptual review and expert perception of OECM. This study examined ① the use of Korean terms related to OECM, ② derivation of determining criteria reflecting global standards, ③ deriving types of potential OECM candidates in Korea, and ④ considerations for OECM identification and reporting to explore the direction for identifying systematic, national-level OECM that complies with global standards and reflects the Korean context. First, there was consensus for using Korean terminology that reflects the concept of OECM rather than simple translations, and it was determined that "nature coexistence area" was the most preferred term (12 people) and had the same context as CBD 2050 Vision of "a world of living in harmony with nature." This study suggests utilizing four criteria (1. No protected areas, 2. Geographic boundaries, 3. Governance/management, and 4. Biodiversity value) that reflect OECM's core characteristics in the first-stage selection process, carrying out the consensus-building process (stage 2) with the relevant agencies, and adding two criteria (3-1 Effectiveness and sustainability of governance and management and 4-1 Long-term conservation) and performing the in-depth diagnosis in stage 3 (full assessment for reporting). The 28 types examined in this study were generally compatible with OECMs (4.45-6.21/7 points, mean 5.24). In particular, the "Conservation Properties (6.21 points)" and "Conservation Agreements (6.07 points)", which are controlled by National Nature Trust, are shown to be the most in line with the OECM concept. They were followed by "Buffer zone of World Natural Heritage (5.77 points)", "Temple Forest (5.73 points)", "Green-belt (Restricted development zones, 5.63 points)", "DMZ (5.60 points)", and "Buffer zone of biosphere reserve (5.50 point)" to have high potential. In the case of "Uninhabited Islands under Absolute Conservation", the response that they conformed to the protected areas (5.83/7 points) was higher than the OECM compatibility (5.52/7 points), it is determined that in the future, it would be preferable to promote the listing of absolute unprotected islands in the Korea Database on Protected Areas (KDPA) along with their surrounding waters (1 km). Based on the results of a global OECM standard review and expert perception survey, 10 items were suggested as considerations when identifying OECM in the Korean context. In the future, continuous research is needed to identify the potential OECMs through site-level assessment regarding these considerations and establish an effective in-situ conservation system at the national level by linking existing protected area systems and identified OECMs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.30-39
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the awareness of conservation areas and green resources and analyze their characteristics by utilizing accumulated blog data created for specific places and objects. Among all the conservation areas and resources located in the Seoul metropolitan area, places that can be evaluated were classified, and sites were evaluated by dividing them into ten categories based on the number of blog posts written. As a result of the study, the users' awareness of forests was the highest, and the awareness of conservation areas and green resources was higher in urban areas than suburban areas. The result shows that the conservation areas and green resources located around the metropolitan area serve as natural tourist destinations while being the object of conservation for users. In addition, these results are in the same vein as the research results in domestic and foreign studies on the importance of ecosystem services in urban areas. Unlike existing research methods, this study is meaningful in that it identified the level of user awareness through social media analysis and applied it to evaluating conservation areas and green resources. It can be used as basic data to prepare a management plan considering public interest and awareness or to establish a development plan to increase awareness. In addition, the cumulative amount of blog content used in the study is meaningful in that it can identify and monitor users' interest in the space. However, it was not possible to examine the contents of each blog in detail because it was evaluated based on the amount of social media content. In addition, in the case of conservation areas and green resources, it is necessary to review and supplement the evaluation contents by adding keyword analysis and content analysis for the site to be evaluated as content other than the pure viewpoint of users may be mixed with development issues.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.3-16
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• 2012

Objectives of the Korean Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is to evaluate environmental value used in comprehensive environmental information in order to encourage eco-friendly land use and management. The first research was conducted in 2001 to establish the evaluation items and the criteria of the ECVAM, and the first nationwide map was established in the period of 2003 to 2005. The maps are updated annually to reflect environmental changes of land. The evaluation items and the criteria have been modified based on feasibility studies to improve the accuracy of the maps. This study re-evaluated the ECVAMs from 2005 to 2010 with criteria used in current environment and analyzed the changes in the area of the maps in 6 years. This is also an investigation on the maps whether they are appropriate as an index for sustainable environmental monitoring. The result shows that the 1st grade level of the ECVAM area with the highest conservation value had been expanding since 2005. These changes were analyzed in terms of updating the 4th Forest Map (2008) produced once every 10 years, reflecting the new legal protected areas such as Baekdudaegan Protected Area(2010), and the environmental/ecological assessment items such as the National Ecological Network (2009). This mean the ECVAM are a monitoring index that integrates individual environmental indexes including the increase of forest age and diameter due to sustainable management of forest areas, and the change of conservation areas. Therefore, ECVAM can be used as a new index integrating national environmental indicators for monitoring changes of national environment and policy. In order to utilize the ECVAM, improving accuracy and reducing renewal cycle time of thematic maps are required.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.28-50
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• 2024

A fact-finding survey of the Demilitarized Zone can be said to be a very meaningful academic survey linked to previous index surveys of protected military areas and municipal and excavation surveys of ruins and military sites on Mount Dora. Not a few ruins were first discovered in this survey, and the locations, structures, and restoration artifacts of the previously investigated ruins were confirmed differently, raising the need for a detailed investigation. In particular, it is noteworthy that various relics from the Paleolithic Age to the Joseon Dynasty were recovered from relics dispersion sites such as Josan-ri and Cheorwon Gangseo-ri in Paju, and Hoengsan-ri Temple Site is also a Buddhist relic in the Demilitarized Zone. However, in the case of some graveyards and relics sites in the Paju region, it was an opportunity to understand the reality that they are not safe from cultivation and development, and the ruins of Cheorwon Capital Castle, Seongsanseong Fortress, Jorangjin Bastion, and Gangseo-ri Bastion were damaged during the construction of military facilities, and an urgent investigation is needed. Also, farmland and hilly areas around the ruins of Jangdan, Gunnae-myeon, and Gangsan-ri have not been properly investigated for buried cultural assets due to small-scale development. Therefore, it is an important time for the relevant authorities and agencies to cooperate more closely to establish special management and medium- to long-term investigation measures for the cultural heritage in the Demilitarized Zone based on the results of this fact-finding investigation.