• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2010

Bacterial pathogens were isolated from dogs with urinary tract infection (UTI) in local animal hospitals between August 2003 and December 2009. Bacteria were isolated from urine of 47 dogs. The isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (n = 27), Streptococcus spp. (n = 7), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 5), Enterobacter spp. (n = 3), Proteus spp. (n = 2), other species were 3 strains, respectively. E. coli were susceptible to imimpenem, polymyxin B, amikacin, cephalosporins, aztreonam, amoxicillin clavulate, cephalosporins, tricarcillin, and amoxicillin clavulate, while were resistant bacitracin, erythromycin, lincomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, and novobiocin. Streptococcus spp. were susceptible to bacitracin, imimpenem, and trimethoprime-sulfa, while were highly resistant amikacin, cefotaxim, cefoxitin, cloxacillin, gentamicin, lincomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin, and tobramycin. Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to cefoxitin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, imimpenem, and tobramycin, but were resistant aztreonam and tetracycline.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2009

A study on livestock environment improving agents was conducted; top two brands (A and B) in the market, bottom two brands (E and F) based on market shares and two newly developed agents (C and D) were measured for viable count and tested for resistance towards antibiotics prohibited against livestock feeds. Test results revealed that the measured viable count of agents A and B matched those on the labels were identical; however agent E lacked information on viable counts nor the intended usage, while the measured viable count of agent F was less than the label-stated count. No correlation was found between the antibiotic-resistance test and market share, and most of the agents excluding B were found to display resistance case of Lincosimides such as Lincomycine and Clindmycin, resistant bacteria were found, with the except of agent B. Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Penillin (type-Penecillins) and Erythromycin (type-Macrolide) were shown to contain resistant bacteria, with the except of agents Band E; the same for Norploxacin (type-Quinoline) and Neomycin antibiotics. Aminoglycosides such as Gentamycin and Streptomycin contained resistant bacteria, excluding agent B. Oxytetracyclin (type-Tetracycline), which is banned for use as resistant bacteria showed the highest sensitivity among the 12 antibiotics, revealed positive results in the test for resistant bacteria; again excluding of agents Band E. These results reveal that many agents contained resistant bacteria despite the fact that they were prohibited; this calls for a more accurate display of the facts and specifications, systematic distributions and strict verification processes of environment improving agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2016

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have recently become the bacteria most frequently found in clinical infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and molecular characteristics of CNS isolates from dental clinic environments in Busan, Korea. One hundred and fifty-four samples were collected from 10 dental clinics and dental hospitals in Busan from December 2014 to January 2015. Species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion methods. A polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect mecA, mupA gene, and SCCmec types. Of the 154 samples, 10(6.5%) isolates were identified as CNS (5 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 2 Staphylococcus capitis, 2 Staphylococcus, and 1 Staphylococcus haemolyticus). Among the 10 isolates, 6 were resistant to penicillin, 5 were resistant to gentamicin, 3 were resistant to tetracycline, and 2 were resistant to cefoxitin and erythromycin. However, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, teicoplanin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistant isolates were not present. Genes encoding mecA were detected in 4 (2 S. warneri and 2 S. haemolyticus) isolates, and mupA in 1 (S. epidermidis) isolate. One methicillin-resistant CNS (S. warneri) isolate was determined as being of the SCCmec type I. It is concluded that CNS resistant to various antimicrobial agents was widely distributed in dental clinic environments in Korea.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

Tetracycline (TC) is one of the antibiotics used for treatment of bacterial infection in Korea. Inadequate usage and abuse cause the resistance to antibiotics, like Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Fluoroquinolone. It can also affect severe economic loss in aquaculture field in Korea. We isolated 101 bacterial samples from diseased fish at aquaculture sites in Gyeonggi-do during 2015~2018. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method has been used to determine distribution and to identify bacterial isolates resistant to antibiotics including Oxytetracycline (OTC), Ampicillin (AMP), Clindamycin (CLI), Enrofloxacin (ENRO), Gentamycin (GEN). TC resistant isolates were confirmed antibiotic resistant genes by conventional PCR. Bacterial isolates were identified as Aeromonas spp. (43.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (4.0%) and Vibrio spp. (5.0%). It was confirmed that multi-resistant isolates (77.2%) were predominant over single-resistant one (22.8%). TC resistant genes like tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), tet(M), and tet(S) were detected and tet(A) was the most prevalent. Aeromonas spp. is a dominant strain in bacterial infections in fishes of aquaculture sites, and further investigation on various antibiotic resistance genes will be needed for clear understanding of aquaculture sites in Gyeonggi-do.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.330-336
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• 2000

A large number of streptococci that do not fit readily into any of the established classification schemes have been relegated to a large heterogeneous group called the Streptococcus viridans, which are members of the normal flora of the mucous membranes of the body, including the oral cavity, the nasopharynx, and genitourinary tract. This group includes S. mitis, S. oralis, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. milleri, etc. Surveying on the literature, it has been reported that infective endocarditis, meningitis, rhabdomyolysis, cholangitis, appendicitis caused by Streptococcus viridans, which were the most important pathogen in children with malignant hematologic disease. Various antibiotics has been chosen for treatment or prophylaxis for these infections, but were generally lower antimicrobial susceptibilities because of an abuse of antibiotics and advent of resistant group. Therefore, surveillant culture must be performed to evaluate personal antimicrobial susceptibilities of intraoral microbes for proper antimicrobial choice for dental procedures. This study examined sampling from subgingival plaque of 60 chidren's microbes. The cultured bacterial isolates, Streptococcus viridans were examined 10 antimicrobial drugs with the Kirby-Bauer agar disk diffusion method. The used drugs were Penicillin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Cephalothin, Imipenem, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin. The results were as follows : 1. Sampling Streptococcus viridans were S. mitis(65%), S. oralis(22%), S. sanguis(5%), S. intermedius(3%), S. salivarius(2%), S acidominimus(2%), Unidentified streptococcus(2%). 2. The antimicrobial susceptibility of total Streptococcus viridans : Oxacillin< Erythromycin< Pencillin=Ciprofloxacin< Cephalothin< Ampicillin< Clindamycin< Gentamicin< Imipenem=Vancomycin. 3. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. mitis : Oxacillin=Erythromycin< Ciprofloxacin< Cephalothin< Penicillin=Ampicillin< Gentamicin< Clidamycin< Imipenem=Vancomycin. 4. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. oralis : Oxacillin< Erythromycin< Penicillin=Ciprofloxacin=Clindamycin< Cephalothin=Gentamicin< Ampicillin< Imipenem=Vancomycin. 5. There was no significant difference in the antimicrobial susceptibility among each Streptococcus viridans group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2018

Identification of antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from animals is necessary for seeking a proper treatment and for preventing the spread of the bacteria among animals. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is of worldwide concern in veterinary medicine. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius) isolated from dogs and cats. Out of the total number of 150 specimens, 35 isolates (23.3％) were identified as S. pseudintermedius when tested by MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy). Among them, 5 isolates (14.3%) were the case of MRSP. In the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test, the isolates of S. pseudintermedius were susceptible to amikacin (100%), cephalothin (100%), vancomycin (100%), amoxicillin (85.7%), oxacillin (85.7%), enrofloxacin (82.8%), chloramphenicol (80%). On the other hand, they were resistant to penicillin (71.4%), tetracycline (48.6%), ampicillin (37.1%), kanamycin (31.5%), erythromycin (31.4%), respectively.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2005

Purpose : Children occupy a large proportion of burn victims. So we want to aid to pediatric burn care through the understanding of the bacterial distribution in burn wounds and antibiotic susceptibility against isolated microorganisms from burn wounds. Methods : We analysed the medical records of 213 pediatric burn patients(0~15 years), 406 samples that grew bacteria in burn wound sites. Results : Of the total 213 patients, male were 59.6% and female were 40.4%. Scalding burn was the most common(78.4%), flame burn was the second(16.4%). Pathogens were isolated in 406 samples. The most common was Pseudomonas aeruginosa(58.1%). Next were Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus species, Acinetobacter species. P. aeruginosa was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 100%, cephalothin in 98.1%, ampicillin-sulbactam in 96.2%, ampicillin in 95.3%, ceftriaxone in 95.2%, tobramycin in 93.7%, cefoperazone in 68.9%, ceftazidime in 67.7%. Enterococcus species were resistant to tetracycline in 63.9%, streptomycin in 45.5%, gentamicin in 36.1%, penicillin G in 13.7%. S. aureus was resistant to gentamicin in 89.7%, tetracycline in 86.2%, ciprofloxacin in 86.2%, penicillin G in 84.3%, oxacillin in 78.4%, erythromycin in 76.5%. Acinetobacter species were resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam in 100%, gentamicin in 85.7%, ampicillin in 83.3%, piperacillin in 61.5%. Conclusion : P. aeruginosa was highly resistant to drugs like cefoperazone in 68.9%, ceftazidime 67.7%. S. aureus was highly resistant to penicillin G in 84.3%, oxacillin in 25.9 %, but none to vancomycin in 0%, teicoplanin in 2.2%. According to the study, Acinetobacter species turned out to be multi-resistant strains, so careful attention must be paid to the choice of antibiotics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.927-932
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• 1994

A total of 34 Salmonella sp. an d25 Shigella sp. were isolated from 311 patients with diarrhea. The isolation rates of Salmonella sp. ad Shigella sp. were 10.9% and 8%, respectively. The serogroups of 34 Salmonella sp. were in order of group D(50%), group B(38.25), group E(8.8%) and group C 92, 9%0. the serogroups of 25 Shigella sp. were group D(96%) and group B(4%). Seasonal distribution of isolated Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. were shown the most high at July, 17.65% and 64%, respectively. Age group distribution of isolated Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. were shown the most high at twenties and thirties (23.5%), and teens(76%), respectively. The Salmonella isolates were resistant in order of prevalence use of streptomycin(SM) (100%), erythromycin (EM) and movobiocin (NB)(90.6%), penicillin G(PG) (65.6%) and cephalexin (CPX)(46.9%). the isolates of Shigella sp. were resistant in order of prevalence use of EM (95.8%), NB(91.7%), SM(87.5%). Eighteen kinds of resistant patterns of Salmonella ioslates were detected. The multiple resistance patterns of Shigella isolates were mostly SM, EM, NB type (79.2%). The minimum inhibitory concentration of Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. and Shigella sp. isolated from patients with diarrhea were tabulated.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2004

Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 36 dogs with respiratory signs, that were submitted to Veterinary Clinics in Jeju, including Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Cheju National University. Of 36 isolates, 16 (44.4%) bacterial pathogens were Gram-positive and 20 (55.6%) were Gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria identified with API Staph were 12 S. intermedius (33.3%), 2 S. aureus (5.6%), 1 S. haemolyticum (2.8%), and 1 S. xylosus (2.8%). Gram-negative organisms identified with API 20E or API NE included 8 Bordetella bronchiseptica (22.2%), 6 Escherichia coli (16.7%), 4 Pasteurella spp. (11.1%), 1 Enterobacter intermedius (2.8%), and 1 Oligella ureolytica (2.8%). Both Staphylococcus spp. isolates and Gram-negative pathogens were resistant to one or more antibiotics, including ampicillin (AM), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), chloramphenicol (C), cefazolin (CZ), erythromycin (E), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin (K), lincomycin (L), oxacillin (OX), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and tetracycline (TE). All Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to AMC, OX and VA, while many isolates were highly resistant to L (87.5%), E (68.8%), P (62.5%), and AM (56.3%). Antibiotic-resistant patterns of staphylococcal isolates were shown ranges from single to 9-resistant patterns. Resistant rates to antibiotics of Gram-negative bacteria were usually higher than those of Staphylococcus spp. in this study. Most Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to L (90.0%), AM (85.0%), E (85.0%), P (85.0%), OX (80.0%), and CZ (75.0%). B. bronchiseptica isolates showed 5 to 8 antibiotics-resistant patterns and Pasteurella spp., 2 to 8-resistant patterns. In particular, all 6 E. coli isolates were resistant to more than 9 different kinds of antibiotics, including one strain resistant to all antibiotics tested.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2016

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an important opportunistic pathogen of dog and cats. Since 2006 there has been a significant emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) mainly due to clonal spread. The aim of this study was to investigated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and presence of mecA and femA gene in 91 S. pseudintermedius isolates isolated from dogs and cats associated with various clinic infections. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by oxacillin disc diffusion method. MRSP isolate was detected 19 isolates (20.9%). MRSP and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates were highly resistant to penicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and choloramphenicol (100~47.3% and 90.3~33.3%, respectively). About 90% of MRSP isolates were multi-drug resistance (resistance to at least five or more antimicrobials), and MSSP isolates was ca 74%. Among the 91 isolates, mecA gene was detected in 25 isolates (27.5%, 19 in MRSP isolates and 6 in MSSP isolates), but none carried the femA gene. Our results indicated MRSA isolates show a strong resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary medicine. A continuous surveillance and monitoring should be called for to prevent the contamination and spread of MRSP in dogs and cats.