• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2016

Oroxylum indicum has long been used in Asian traditional medicine to prevent and treat respiratory diseases, diabetes, diarrhea and other conditions. Oroxylin A is a flavone that is present in Oroxylum indicum and in Scutellaria baicalensis. Because the root extracts of both plants have been shown to have anti-allergic effects, the authors investigated whether oroxylin A is likely to have beneficial effects on allergic asthma using female Balb/c mice and rat RBL-2H3 mast cells. Antigen-induced degranulation was measured in vitro by measuring b-hexosaminidase activity. A murine ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model was used to test the in vivo efficacy of oroxylin A. Sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin induced allergic asthma responses, the accumulations of eosinophils and Th2 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. Oroxylin A administration decreased numbers of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, and reduced the expression and secretion of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histologic studies showed oroxylin A reduced inflammatory signs and mucin production in lungs. These findings provide evidence that oroxylin A has potential use as an anti-allergic therapeutic.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.340-343
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• 2009

A 3-year-old, intact female Poong-san dog was presented with a 4-month history of erosive, erythematous dermatitis unresponsive to systemic antibiotics and glucocorticoids. Crust, erosion, and alopecia were noted on the ear pinnae, bridge of nose, and forelimb. Cytological evaluation of intact pustules showed isolated free-floating rounded acantholytic keratinocytes admixed with non-degenerated neutrophils and eosinophils. Results of histopathologic examination revealed the intra-epidermal pustules with predominant neutrophils, less eosinophils, and isolated and clustered acantholytic cells. A diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) was made based on the history, clinical, cytological and histopathological results. The skin lesions had improved after systemic cyclosporine therapy. This case report demonstrates that cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive agent, can be used in the management of PF in dogs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.549-557
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• 1994

This study was done to find the method of the extermination of Fasciola hepatica matacercariae. And the artificial infection was carried out with 30 metacercarae exposed to 5% ammonia water and not-exposed to 5% ammonia water. Serial determinations of live weight, red blood cell, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and eosinophils were performed in rats at 7 days interval for 16 weeks after infection (WAI). Recovery of worm burden and microscopic findings of livr was performed in rats at 10 WAI. The results in this work were summarized as follows; 1. Fasciola spp metacercariae exposed to 5% ammonia water have lost their ability of infection. 2. In teh exposed group, the mean of worm recovered was 2.25 and the common bile duct was swelling up to 0.71cm in diameter. 3. The value of live weight was different in two groups as the not-exposed group and the exposed group were 321.28, 384.38 at 10 WAI, respectively. 4. In the not-exposed group, at 7 WAI, hemoglobin at 5 WAI and packed cell volume at 7 WAI wre minimally decreased to $5.84{\times}10^{-6}/mm^3$, 11.53g/dl and 43.2%, respectively. But those three values were slowly increased at 10 WAI. Rercent cosinophil was increased to 12.2% at 4 WAI and slightly decreased to 7.9% at 10 WAI. But there are no stastistical singnificance between the exposed group and the normal control group. 5. In histolgical findings in the not-exposed group, the dilated common bile ducts and intrahepatic bile ducts showed distinct hyperplasia of the epithelium. Lymphocytes and eosinophils were infilterated around the bile ducts. The hepatic cells and Kupffer cells showed swollen appearance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Peucedani Radix herbal acupuncture(PR-HA) at St36(joksamni) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week) C57BL/6 mice were injected, inhaled and sprayed with OVA for 12 weeks (3times a week). One of the two experimental groups was just treated with needle-prick on St36 and the other group was treated with 1% concentrations of PR-HAS at St36, for the later 8 weeks (3times /week). Results : 1. The weight and total cells of lung of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 2. Total Leukocytes and Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA in Photomicrographs decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. According to Histological analysis of lung sections, it decreased significantly adhension of collagen in PR-HA than those of control group 5. The concentration of IgE, IL-4, IL-5, in BALF and IL-4, IL-5, Il-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The number of Gr-1+/CD11b+, CD11b+, CD3-/CCR3+, CD4+, CD3e+/CD69+ , CD23+B220+ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 7. The cytokine's manifestation of mRNA of the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Conclusion : We conclude that PR-HA is effective on OVA-induced asthma of C57BL/6 mouse.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.70-85
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• 2004

Objective: To research the trends of study related to rhinitis and acupuncture in PubMed, and to establish the hereafter direction of treating rhinitis with acupuncture Methods: We searched PubMed and chinese medical journals related to rhinitis and acupuncture. Results: 1. The pattern of the study was as follows: Review article(3), Randomized controlled trials(2), Clinical trial(11), Case report(12). 2. The effect of acupuncture on rhinitis is reported as follows: Acupucture treatment improves the scale of symptoms, nasal airways resistance and velocity of the mucociliary transport, decreasing absolute numbers of blood eosinophils, serum IgE and percentage of nasal eosinophils. Immunologically acupuncture treatment could reduce plasma IL-10 level, control IL-2, and balance between cell-specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-10. After acupuncture treatment, there is statistically significant changes in IgA, IgE, E-rosette formative rate. 3. Many of these article have affirmative view for therapeutic effect of rhinitis with acupuncture. Statistical test was done only in 6 papers. There showed statically significant results in 4 articles, and in 2 article there showed some clinical improvement but no statically significant changes. 4. In Western countries, alternative treatments are frequent among adults with rhinitis or other allergic disease, and affirmative tendency for acupuncture treatment is increased.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2008

Allergic asthma is a worldwide public health problem and a major socioeconomic burden disease. It is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by airway eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus hypersecretion. Mouse models have proven as a valuable tool for studying human asthma. In the present report we describe a comparison of mouse asthma models. The experiments were designed as follows: Group I was injected with ovalbumin (OVA, i.p.) on day 1 and challenged with 1% OVA (aerosol exposure) on days $14{\sim}21$. Group II was injected on day 1, 14 and aerosol-immunized on days $14{\sim}21$. Group III was injected on day 1, 14 and immunized by 1% OVA aerosol on days $18{\sim}21$. We assessed asthma induction by determining the total number of white blood cells (WBC) and eosinophils as well as by measuring cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, we evaluated the histopathological changes of the lungs and determined the concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum. Total WBC, eosinophils, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) and IgE were significantly increased in group I relative to the other groups. Moreover, histopathological studies show that group I mice show an increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cell-in peribronchial and perivascular areas as well as an overall increase in the number of mucus-containing goblet cells relative to other groups. These data suggest that group I can be a useful model for the study of human asthma pathobiology and the evaluation of existing and novel therapeutic agents.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.184-191
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• 2003

Background : Nowadays asthma is considered to be an inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary eosinophilia. Production of cytokines by bronchial epithelial cells may contribution to the local accumulation of inflammatory cells in patients with bronchial asthma. Chungsangboha-tang is the herbal treatment of choice in persistent asthma patients. It has been recognized that cessation of treatment with Chungsangboha-tang evokes a recurrence of symptoms in patients with controlled asthma. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term effect of Chungsangboha-tang. Materials and Methods : The subjects consisted of 24 patients with asthma who had been treated with Chungsangboha-tang for four weeks. Chungsangboha-tang is an herbal decoction which has been used as the traditional therapeutic agent for asthma. PFT, QLQAKA, blood eosinophils, serum IgE, Serum IL-4, IL-5, $IFN-{\gamma}$ were checked before treatment, before withdrawal and 3 months after cessation of treatment with Chungsangboha-tang. Results : Treatment with Chungsangboha-tang for four weeks resulted in significant increase in FEV1.0%, PEFR%, and QLQAKA. The patients were treated with Chungsangboha-tang for four weeks with no significant difference in the blood eosinophils, serum IgE, IL-4 and IL-5. The serum $IFN-{\gamma}$ in asthmatic patients decreased significantly after 4 weeks of treatment. Discontinuation of treatment with Chungsangboha-tang resulted in significant drops in QLQAKA. Others measures in asthmatic patients 3 months after discontinuation of treatment with Chungsangboha-tang showed no significant difference. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that asthma can be exacerbated by discontinuation of treatment with Chungsangboha-tang in patients with asthma. Obviously further research concerning this is still necessary.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2009

The house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronissinus) is an important factor in triggering allergic diseases. The function of eosinophils, particularly in the production of cytokine or chemokine, is critical in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined whether D. pteronissinus extract (DpE) induces the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1)/CCL2, IL-8/CXCL8, and IL-6 that mediate in the infiltration and activation of immune cells and in its signaling mechanism in the human eosinophilic cell line, EoL-1. DpE increased the mRNA and protein expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 in a time- and dose-dependent course in EoL-1 cells. In our experiments using signal-specific inhibitors, we found that the increased expression of MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 due to DpE is associated with Src family tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C $\delta$ (PKC $\delta$). In addition, the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is required for MCP-1 and IL-8 expression while p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in IL-6 expression. DpE induced the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK. PP2, an inhibitor of Src family tyrosine kinase, and rottlerin, an inhibitor of PKC $\delta$, blocked the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK. DpE induces the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK via Src family tyrosine kinase and PKC $\delta$ for MCP-1, IL-8, or IL-6 production. Increased cytokine release due to the house dust mite and the characterization of its signal transduction may be valuable in understanding the eosinophil-related pathogenic mechanism of inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.375-379
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• 2005

Porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis (PJPPD) is a disease of young pigs and characterized by nonpruritic round eruption of skin. The cause of this disease is yet undetermined but is presumed to be genetic predisposition. There may be few opportunities for veterinarian to detect this disease compared with actual situation in field because these lesions resolve spontaneously in two months. The authors detected spontaneous PJPPD case and performed clinical and pathological studies on three pigs from one farm. The specific skin lesions were observed in the forty-day old pigs of mixed breed, which were produced by the sows received semen from the same boar, restrictively. However, there was no skin lesion of pigs in suckling or fattening periods. Grossly, lesions were commonly found on the ventral abdominal part as a papule and were spreaded to the skin of whole body. With the spreading of lesions centrifugally, skin was showed as a umbilicated plaques or mosaic pattern with a few pustules or crusts. Microscopically, the most prominent lesion was the psoriasiform hyperplasia with acanthosis, down growth of rete ridges, exocytosis of eosinophils and neutrophils, ballooning degeneration of superficial epidermis, and koilocytic degeneration of keratinocytes. Additionally, there were moderate dermal edema and severe mixed cellular infiltration, especially eosinophils. No infectious agent which can cause the skin lesion, was detected or cultured, and no lesion caused by infectious agents was also observed, pathologically. With pathological results of this study, it is supposed that pathogenesis or severity of PJPPD may be related to the infiltration of eosinophil or hypersensitivity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.73-85
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to confirm the suppression effect of Asthma and Immune response improvement of Fasciculus Vascularis Luffae Herbal-acupuncture into Chok-samni(St36) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks Two experimental groups were treated with different concentrations(1%, 0.1%) of FVL-HA at Chok-samni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. Lung weigh of the mice group treated with FVL-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total cells of lung, total Leukocytes and Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with FVL-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. Eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with FVL-HA in Photomicrographs decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. The concentration of IL-l3, IgE, IL-4 In serum and IL-4 in BALF of the mice group treated with FVL-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 5. The number of Gr-1+/CB11b+, CD3-/CCR3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3e+/CD69+, IgE+/B220+ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with FVL-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 6. The cytokine's manifestation of mRNA of the mice group treated with FVL-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Conclusion : These result suggests that Fasciculus Vascularis Luffae Herbal-acupuncture Choksamni(St36) in C57BL/6mice may be an effective part to OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mice.