• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.99-111
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide a design and operation technical guideline for meeting the appropriate design criteria to bio-gasification facilities treating organic wastes. Based on the results obtained during the field surveys, the overall design and operation guidelines for bio-gasification facilities, monitoring items, cycle and commissioning period were presented. According to the flow of anaerobic digestion process, Various design factors for bio-gasification facilities were proposed in this study. When designing the initial anaerobic digestion capacity, 10 ~ 30% of the treatment capacity was applied considering the discharge characteristics by the incoming organic wastes. At the import storage hopper process, limit concentration of transporting organic wastes was limited to TS 10 % or less, and limit concentration of inhibiting factor was suggested in operation of anaerobic digester. In addition, organic loading rate (OLR) was shown as $1.5{\sim}4.0kgVS_{in}/(m^3{\cdot}day)$ for the combined bio-gasification facilities of animal manure and food wastes. Desulfurization and dehumidification methods of biogas from anaerobic digestor and proper periods of liquifization tank were suggested in design guideline. It is recommended that the operating parameters of the biogasification facilities to be maintained at pH (acid fermentation tank 4.5~6.5, methane fermentation tank 6.0~8.0), temperature variation range within $2^{\circ}C$, management of volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentration less than 3,000 mg/L, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.18-19
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the state-of-the-art solar energy system design cases among LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified school projects and to explore the feasibilities for their applications in domestic school design. Investigating the sold wattages in some kinds of buildings, the wattages per an educational facility is the second-largest after that per an industrial facility. That shows that our attention should be actively directed to the utilization of New and Renewable Energy in school facilities. Therefore photovoltaics systems, lighting systems and solarthermal facilities of solar energy systems were analyzed in the LEED cases. Findings demonstrate that applications of solar energy systems in K-12 educational facilities have been executed more than those in higher educational facilities. However, K-12 educational facilities and higher educational facilities by private funds are not categorized as Green Buildings by Support for Making Green Buildings Act. That fact is needed to be amended. Besides that, design developments are needed for building integrated photovoltaics systems and solarthermal facilities in domestic educational facilities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.255-264
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• 2006

This study started from the premise that the satisfaction of visitors in large-scaled design-related fair has co-relation with the environmental and contextual factors such as contents, lighting, the number and location of rest area, crowdedness, ventilation and circulation. The research was made in Seoul Living Design Fair 2005. 102 samples from 132 who answered to the questionnaire with likert-scaled and open questions were selected for the data, which were statistically analyzed through SPSS 12.0 program to explore the co-relation between the environmental factors and the satisfaction level of visitors. The findings showed that overall satisfaction level was in the middle of the scale, which means satisfied nor unsatisfied. The visitors showed relatively high satisfaction in the two factors-the contents of the fair and lighting system compared to the other factors such as the number and location of rest area, sign system, ventilation crowdedness and circulation. Even though the visitors had difficulties in circulation and showed various types in circulation, it did not seem to have a significant influence on the overall satisfaction level because it might be offset by the contents of the fair. Also, the visitors showed similar satisfaction level regardless of the type of circulation. It can be concluded that the main factors mentioned above should be considered to achieve higher satisfaction level and provide better environment in the large-scaled fair.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2018

Purpose: There is a difficulty in Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) test design for weapon system's electrical/electronic components/products in small and medium-sized enterprises. To overcome this difficulty, I propose an easy ESS test design approach algorithm that is optimized with only one environment tolerance design information parameter (${\Delta}T$). Methods: To propose the mass production weapon system ESS test design for cost-effective optimization, I define an optimum cost-effective mathematical model ESS test algorithm model based on modified MIL-HDBK-344, MIL-HDBK-2164 and DTIC Technical Report 2477. Results: I clearly confirmed and obtained the quantitative data of ESS effectiveness and cost optimization along our ESS test design algorithm through the practical case. I will expect that proposed ESS test method is used for ESS process improvement activity and cost cutting of mass production weapon system manufacturing cost in small and medium-sized enterprises. Conclusion: In order to compare the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, I compared the effectiveness of the existing ESS test and the proposed algorithm ESS test based on the existing weapon system circuit card assembly for signal processing. As a result of the comparison, it was confirmed that the test time was reduced from 573.0 minutes to 517.2minutes (9.74% less than existing test time).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.361-382
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• 1999

This paper reviews aspects of current design procedures for seismic design of structures, and specifically examines their relevance to the design of light framed residential buildings under earthquake loading. The significance of the various structural contributions made by the components of cold formed steel framed residential structures subjected to earthquake induced loadings has been investigated. This is a common form of residential construction worldwide. Particular attention is given to aspects related to ductility and overstrength, the latter arising principally from the contributions of the designated "non-structural" components. Based on both analytical and experimental data obtained from research investigations on steel framed residential structures, typical ranges of the ductility reduction factor and overstrength ratios are determined. It is concluded that the latter parameter has a very significant influence on the seismic design of such structures. Although the numerical ranges for the inelastic seismic parameters given in this paper were obtained for Australian houses, the concepts and the highlighted aspects of seismic design methodology are more widely applicable.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.69-79
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• 2013

The concept of sustainable development to preserve natural environment through economy in resources and energy is gradually distinguished since environmental problems as a series of air pollution and global warming take place now. Building occupies more than 1/3 of energy consumption in the whole world. Energy consumption of buildings caused a quick increase in the amount of energy use by air conditioning, which has a lot of effects on exhaustion of fossil energy as well as an increase in environmental load. Therefore, this research intends to suggest characteristics and direction for the designing of acclimatization's housing through the case study on acclimatization's housing. Acclimatization's housing is designed to reduce building load from the designing stage unlike green home or low-energy apartment. Also, factors which are commonly applied to acclimatization's housing are applied complexly by design strategic factors of Heating, Cooling and Lighting. The applied design factors make effects mutually and complexly. In addition, design strategy showed different priority by designing direction.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1383-1392
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide suitable outdoor spaces for Korean elderly, examining characteristics and types of existing outdoor spaces and presenting design guideline of outdoor space for elderly. To do this, this study examined previous research papers and scholastic writings, related to elderly housing, and analyzed twelve cases of elderly housing complex. Additionally evaluation of usage pattern and physical trace carried out on twelve cases. As a result, first, the study showed that outdoor spaces for elderly were classified 5 types; entrance area of housing complex, building entrance area, outdoor living area, in & outdoor neutral area, and parking lots. Outdoor living area is subdivided into residents' public space, green space, health & sports space and landscape space. Characteristics of outdoor space are deeply related to safety, amenity, recognition and efficiency. Second, types of outdoor space in elderly facilities are very limited in verity, just facilitating with rest space, sport space, and garden space. Third, from a standpoint of barrier-free-design, twelve cases are not carefully concerning about outdoor space for elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

This paper presents a design method for the horizontal straight ground heat exchanger (GHE) based on the Kavanaugh design method. In order to examine suitability of the suggested design method, a horizontal line type GHE was installed in a steel box of which the size was $5m{\times}1m{\times}1m$ filled with dried Joomunjin standard, and a thermal response test (TRT) was conducted for 21 hours. A numerical analysis was performed for a simulation of a peak month operation and for its verification by finite element method (FEM). According to the simulation results, it was concluded that the suggested design method for a horizontal straight GHE is reliable for the estimation of a design length.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2002

This study analyzed the consumer behavior on the environmentally Benefical clothing through the substantial verification, which was based on theoretical reviews. It also aimed to provided marketing aspects on the design, raw material, product quality, price, and brand recognition of environmentally Benefical clothing. For the substantial, verification following questions were developed. 1) Consumers' interests in purchasing environmentally Benefical clothing. 2) The consumer behavior on the environmental factors of the design, raw material, product quality, price, and brand recognition of environmentally Benefical clothing. 3) The changes in the consumer behavior on negative aspects of environmentally Benefical clothing. 4) The reasons of unfavorable behavior of environmentally unconscious consumers on environmentally Benefical clothing. Substantial data was collected through a survey, conducted on two hundreds and twenty-nine male and female students in graduate and undergraduate schools, resided in Seoul. The collected data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows, version 8.0, and X2 and T-test were performed. Those results and issues, developed in the analysis of consumer behavior on the environmentally Benefical clothing, could be utilized in the environmental management and the marketing activity for the clothing companies.