• 제목/요약/키워드: Environmental Degradation

검색결과 2,025건 처리시간 0.027초

Effects of Adding UV and H2O2 on the Degradation of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products during O3 Treatment

  • Kim, Il-Ho;Kim, Seog-Ku;Lee, Hyun-Dong;Tanaka, Hiroaki
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.131-136
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    • 2011
  • The degradation of 30 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) subjected to $O_3$, $O_3$/UV, and $O_3/H_2O_2$ treatments were investigated using semi-batch tests and evaluated by their pseudo-first-order rate constants. The additional application of UV or $H_2O_2$ during $O_3$ treatment significantly improved the degradation rate of most of the PPCPs. At the same $O_3$ feed rate, $O_3$/UV treatment exhibited much higher PPCP degradation efficiency than that of $O_3$ treatment. This was probably due to degradation of the PPCPs by $O_3$, direct UV photodegradation, and OH radicals that formed from the photodegradation of $O_3$ during $O_3$/UV treatment. PPCP degradation by $O_3$ was also promoted by adding $H_2O_2$ during the $O_3$ treatment. However, when the initial $H_2O_2$ concentration was high during $O_3$ treatment, OH radicals were likely to be scavenged by excess $H_2O_2$, leading to low PPCP degradation. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate $H_2O_2$ dosage during $O_3$ treatment to improve PPCP degradation when adding $H_2O_2$ during $O_3$ treatment.

디젤의 미생물 분해와 군집에 관한 연구 (A Study on Microbial Community and Microbial Degradation of Diesel)

  • 최희철;조윤아;최상일;이태진
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.509-516
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    • 2010
  • 토양으로부터 농화배양된 두 미생물 군집의 디젤 분해 특성과 미생물의 군집 양상을 살펴보았다. 간균 형태를 띄는 두 군집은 육안으로 뚜렷히 구별되는 황색(YE-5)과 투명한 형태(WH-5)의 콜로니를 형성하였으며 1% 디젤 오염된 배지에서 26일간 배양하였을 때 디젤 분해율은 99.07 mg-Diesel/$L{\cdot}day$와 57.82 mg-Diesel/$L{\cdot}day$로 YE-5가 약 1.7배정도의 빠른 분해속도를 나타내었다. YE-5에 의한 디젤의 분해양상은 $C_8-C_{24}$ 전반에 걸쳐고르게 분해되는 양상을 보여주었다. PCR-DGGE 기법을 이용하여 YE-5를 동정한 결과 Psedomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Stenotrophomonas 등이 관찰 되었으며 모두 단백세균에 속하는 것으로 분석 되었고 YE-5에서만 Uncultured Stenotrophomonas sp.가 관찰되었다. 본 실험을 통해 디젤의 효과적 분해를 위해 적절한 군집의 조합이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 Escherichia hermannii나 Uncultured Stenotrophomonas sp.와 같은 기 보고되지 않은 종들이 디젤 분해에 미치는 영향에 관한 후속연구가 필요할 것으로 판단하였다.

Oxalic Acid와 Citric Acid UV/H2O2에 의한 분해특성 조사 (Degradation Characteristics of Oxalic Acid and Citric Acid by UV/H2O2 Oxidation)

  • 하동윤;조순행;최영수;경규석;김동현
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제22권7호
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    • pp.1307-1318
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    • 2000
  • 원자력 발전소에서 발생되는 제염폐수에 함유된 Oxalic acid와 Citric acid를 고급산화방법(Advanced Oxidation Process) 중의 하나인 $UV/H_2O_2$를 적용하여 이들 물질의 분해특성 및 최적처리조건을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 각각의 물질에 대하여 $H_2O_2$나 UV를 단독사용할 경우, pH 및 과산화수소의 주입량 변화, Oxalic acid와 Citric acid의 농도변화에 따른 분해특성에 대하여 조사하였다. $H_2O_2$나 UV만으로도 완전분해가 가능한 반면 Citric acid는 같은 파장의 UV만으로는 분해가 잘되지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 과산화수소와는 두 물질 모두 반응성이 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 산화공정에서 반응속도상수, 반응시간, 제거효율, 과산화수소 소모량 등에 대한 결과를 종합한 결과 Oxalic acid의 경우 pH 4 이하의 낮은 pH에서, Citric acid는 pH 4~6 정도의 약산성 부근에서 높은 분해효율을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 최적 pH에서는 과산화수소의 주입량이 증가할수록 두 물질 모두 제거효율이 증가하는 것으로 조사되었으나 과산화수소의 주입량이 200 mg/L 이상을 초과하는 경우에는 과산화수소에 의한 OH radical trap에 의하여 제거효율이 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과 $UV/H_2O_2$ 광분해에 의한 Oxalic acid와 Citric acid의 처리시 pH 4에서 과산화수소 주입량 200 mg/L일 경우 가장 효율적인 것으로 조사되었다.

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촉매성 산화물 전극을 이용한 페놀의 전기화학적 분해 (Electrochemical Degradation of Phenol Using Dimensionally Stable Anode)

  • 김동석;박영식
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제22권8호
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    • pp.999-1007
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    • 2013
  • Electrochemical degradation of phenol was evaluated at DSA (dimensionally stable anode), JP202 (Ru, 25%; Ir, 25%; other, 50%) electrode for being a treatment method in non-biodegradable organic compounds such as phenol. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of applied current (1.0~4.0 A), electrolyte type (NaCl, KCl, $Na_2SO_4$, $H_2SO_4$) and concentration (0.5~3.0 g/L), initial phenol concentration (12.5~100.0 mg/L) on phenol degradation and $UV_{254}$ absorbance as indirect indicator of by-product degraded phenol. It was found that phenol concentration decreased from around 50 mg/L to zero after 10 min of electrolysis with 2.5 g/L NaCl as supporting electrolyte at the current of 3.5 A. Although phenol could be completely electrochemical degraded by JP202 anode, the degradation of phenol COD was required oxidation time over 60 min due to the generation of by-products. $UV_{254}$ absorbance can see the impact of as an indirect indicator of the creation and destruction of by-product. The initial removal rate of phenol is 5.63 times faster than the initial COD removal rate.

Accuracy Assessment of Forest Degradation Detection in Semantic Segmentation based Deep Learning Models with Time-series Satellite Imagery

  • Woo-Dam Sim;Jung-Soo Lee
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2024
  • This research aimed to assess the possibility of detecting forest degradation using time-series satellite imagery and three different deep learning-based change detection techniques. The dataset used for the deep learning models was composed of two sets, one based on surface reflectance (SR) spectral information from satellite imagery, combined with Texture Information (GLCM; Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and terrain information. The deep learning models employed for land cover change detection included image differencing using the Unet semantic segmentation model, multi-encoder Unet model, and multi-encoder Unet++ model. The study found that there was no significant difference in accuracy between the deep learning models for forest degradation detection. Both training and validation accuracies were approx-imately 89% and 92%, respectively. Among the three deep learning models, the multi-encoder Unet model showed the most efficient analysis time and comparable accuracy. Moreover, models that incorporated both texture and gradient information in addition to spectral information were found to have a higher classification accuracy compared to models that used only spectral information. Overall, the accuracy of forest degradation extraction was outstanding, achieving 98%.

Ultrasonic Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Seawater and Brackish Water

  • Park, So-Young;Park, Jong-Sung;Lee, Ha-Yoon;Heo, Ji-Yong;Yoon, Yeo-Min;Choi, Kyung-Ho;Her, Nam-Guk
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.137-148
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    • 2011
  • In this study, a series of experiments was conducted on the relative degradation of commonly known endocrine-disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and $17{\alpha}$-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) in a single-component aqueous solution using 28 and 580 kHz ultrasonic reactors. The experiments were conducted with three different types of model water: deionized water (DI), synthetic brackish water (SBW), and synthetic seawater (SSW) at pH 4, 7.5, and 11 in the presence of inert glass beads and humic acids. Significantly higher sonochemical degradation (93-97% for BPA) occurred at 580 kHz than at 28 kHz (43-61% for BPA), regardless of water type. A slightly higher degradation was observed for EE2 compared to that of BPA. The degradation rate of BPA and EE2 in DI water, SBW, and SSW after 30 min of ultrasound irradiation at 580 kHz increased slightly with the increase in pH from 4 (0.073-0.091 $min^{-1}$ for BPA and 0.081-0.094 $min^{-1}$ for EE2) to 7.5 (0.087-0.114 $min^{-1}$ for BPA and 0.092-0.124 $min^{-1}$ for EE2). In contrast, significant degradation was observed at pH 11 (0.149-0.221 $min^{-1}$ for BPA and 0.147-0.228 $min^{-1}$ for EE2). For the given frequencies of 28 and 580 kHz, the degradation rate increased in the presence of glass beads (0.1 mm and 25 g) for both BPA and EE2: 0.018-0.107 $min^{-1}$ without beads and 0.052-0.142 $min^{-1}$ with beads for BPA; 0.021-0.111 $min^{-1}$ without beads and 0.054-0.136 $min^{-1}$ with beads for EE2. A slight increase in degradation of both BPA and EE2 was found as the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC, humic acids) increased in both SBW and SSW: 0.107-0.115 $min^{-1}$ in SBW and 0.087-0.101 $min^{-1}$ in SSW for BPA; 0.111-0.111 $min^{-1}$ in SWB and 0.092-0.105 $min^{-1}$ in SSW for EE2. After 30 min of sonicating the humic acid solution, DOC removal varied depending on the water type: 27% (3 mg $L^{-1}$) and 7% (10 mg $L^{-1}$) in SBW and 7% (3 mg $L^{-1}$) and 4% (10 mg $L^{-1}$) in SSW.

오존 접촉 반응기의 용존 오존 농도 및 페놀 분해에 미치는 운전변수의 영향 (Effects of Operating Parameters on Dissolved Ozone and Phenol Degradation in Ozone Contact Reactor)

  • 정재우;박정욱;이춘식
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 2010
  • 오존 접촉 반응기에서 용존 오존 농도 및 페놀 제거에 미치는 운전변수의 영향에 대해 실험실 규모 실험을 수행하였다. 반응기로 가스상 오존이 공급되고 일정한 시간이 경과한 후에 용존 오존 농도는 포화 농도에 도달하였으며 포화 농도의 크기는 운전 변수에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 수용액내의 오존은 높은 pH 조건에서 불안정하므로 용존 오존 농도는 용액의 초기 pH값이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 일정한 유량의 기체가 반응기로 공급되는 조건에서 가스상 오존 농도의 크기는 용존 오존의 포화농도에 중요한 영향을 미치며 일정한 농도의 가스상 오존이 공급될 때 가스 유량은 용존 오존이 포화되는 속도에 영향을 주는 것으로 관찰되었다. 페놀 제거에 미치는 운전변수의 영향은 각 운전변수가 용존 오존 농도에 미치는 영향과 밀접하게 관련되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 용존 오존은 높은 pH 조건에서 빠르게 분해되어 페놀과의 반응성이 높은 자유라디칼을 생성시키므로 pH가 증가함에 따라 페놀 제거가 향상되었다. 동일한 pH 조건에서 가스상 오존 농도 및 가스 공급량의 증가는 용존 오존을 증가시킴으로써 페놀 분해를 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 메탄올의 주입은 OH 라디칼을 소비시켜 페놀 분해를 방해하는 것으로 관찰되었다.

Molecular Cloning and Identification of a Novel Oxygenase Gene Specifically Induced during the Growth of Rhodococcus sp. Strain T104 on Limonene

  • Park, Ki-Young;Kim, Dockyu;Koh, Sung-Cheol;So, Jae-Seong;Kim, Jong-Sul;Kim, Eungbin
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.160-162
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    • 2004
  • Rhodococcus sp. strain T104 is able to utilize both limonene and biphenyl as growth substrates. Fur-thermore, T104 possesses separate pathways for the degradation of limonene and biphenyl. Previously, we found that a gene(s) involved in limonene degradation was also related to indigo-producing ability. To further corroborate this observation, we have cloned and sequenced a 8,842-bp genomic DNA region with four open reading frames, including one for indole oxygenase, which converts indole to indigo (a blue pigment). The reverse transcription PCR data demonstrated that the identified indole oxygenase gene is specifically induced by limonene, thereby implicating this gene in the degradation of limonene by T104.

Optimization of Sonocatalytic Orange II Degradation on MoS2 Nanoparticles using Response Surface Methodology

  • Jiulong Li;Jeong Won Ko;Weon Bae Ko
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • 제58권4호
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    • pp.191-200
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    • 2023
  • In this study, MoS2 nanoparticles were synthesized and analyzed through powder X-ray diffraction, Raman, ultraviolet-visible, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The surface morphologies of the as-synthesized MoS2 nanoparticles were investigated through scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The sonocatalytic activity of the MoS2 nanoparticles toward Orange II removal was evaluated by utilizing a Box-Behnken design for response surface methodology in the experimental design. The sonocatalyst dosage, Orange II dye concentration, and ultrasound treatment time were optimized to be 0.49 g/L, 5 mg/L, and 150 min, respectively. The maximum efficiency of Orange II degradation on MoS2 nanoparticles was achieved, with a final average value of 82.93%. Further, the results of a kinetics study on sonocatalytic Orange II degradation demonstrated that the process fits well with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model.

페레이트를 활용한 아조 염료 Reactive Black 5 분해 연구 (Degradation of Reactive Black 5 by potassium ferrate(VI))

  • ;김일규
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2024
  • 본 논문은 회분식 반응기에서 습식 산화법으로 합성한 칼륨 페레이트(VI)에 의한 난분해성 아조 염료Reactive Black 5의 분해 과정을 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 수용액에서 RB5의 분해는 pH, Ferrate (VI) 투입량, 초기 농도, 수용액 온도 등 다양한 변수의 조건에서 연구되었다. RB5 경우에는 최대 분해 효율은 pH 7.0에서 63.2%가 달성되었으며, 이 실험 조건에서 얻은 kapp 값은 190.49 M-1s-1으로 나타났다. 온도 또한 가장 중요한 매개 변수 중 하나로 연구되었으며, 그 결과로부터 온도(45℃까지)를 증가시키면 페레이트(VI)에 의한 아조 화합물 염료의 분해 효율이 증가하고, 온도가 45℃를 초과하면 분해 효율이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다.